值得关注的有机光伏电池材料

评述了近十年来有机光电池材料研究的最新进展，强调了材料复合对设计有机光伏电池的重要性，指出了有机半导体材料的分子聚集态结构与材料凝聚态结构的调控在改善器件性能上发挥的决定性作用，揭示了激发态过程与激发态性质的研究在提高光电转换效率上的意义，分析了有机光电池材料的发展前景。     

含氟有机场效应晶体管材料的研究进展

在空气中稳定的n型有机半导体材料是当前有机场效应晶体管(OFET)研究的重要方向.分子中引入氟取代基和三氟甲基/全氟烷基可能会将有机半导体材料从p型转变成n型,同时还可提高有机半导体材料的稳定性.从分子结构的角度出发介绍了含氟类有机半导体材料的最新进展及其在场效应晶体管中的应用,并进一步提出了该领域的研究前景.     

表面光电压谱(SPS)在有机半导体材料研究中的应用

简要介绍了表面光电压谱（SPS）的几种常用测试方法和测试原理，通过典型实例说明了SPS技术在研究有机半导体电子结构，有机半导体薄膜的光电性能与制备方法的关系，半导体异质结性能等方面的应用，评述了SPS技术在研究酞菁氧钛／偶氮绿丹蓝复合材料的光电性能中发现的光伏极性反新现象，展望了SPS方法在有机半导体材料光电功能研究中的应用前景。     

高迁移率有机薄膜晶体管专利申请关键技术分析

有机薄膜晶体管使用有机半导体材料为有源层,通过改变外加电场来控制有源层的导电性。与传统的无机场效应晶体管相比,它具有造价低廉、可大面积加工、可与柔性基底集成等优点,在世界电子器件领域引起了广泛关注。近年来,对高迁移率有机半导体材料、薄膜物理和器件工程等相关方面的研究有了快速发展,使OTFTs的迁移率、开关电流比等性能已达到或超过同类非晶硅(α-Si∶H)器件的水平。这实现了在平板显示驱动电路中应用,以及在低成本便捷型记忆元件(身份识别卡、商品价格签)等方面的应用。     

太阳能电池有机电子传输材料研究新进展

当今能源危机问题日益紧迫,以太阳能为代表的新能源开发成为研究热点。有机半导体材料具有成本低廉、可塑性强、性能优异等特点,因此在太阳能电池领域中具有极大的应用前景。研发性能优异、成本低、稳定性高的有机电子传输材料是太阳能电池研究领域的重要内容。总结了近年来有机电子传输材料的研究进展和发展方向,按照其分子结构分为富勒烯衍生物、大π共轭体系、非π体系、改性材料、碳纳米材料等5类体系,分别介绍了其结构特性,讨论了其在太阳能电池应用中存在的问题及解决方法,综述了该领域的最新研究成果,最后总结了开发新型高效的有机电子传输材料的研究方向。     

共升华可控掺杂有机半导体薄膜材料的研究进展

综述了共升华可控掺杂有机半导体薄膜材料的特点、原理、材料体系、制备、光电性能以及表征手段,并简要介绍了其在光电器件中的应用,研究表明共升华可控掺杂是大幅度提高有机半导体材料性能的有效手段,并提出了设计和制备高性能共升华可控掺杂有机半导体薄膜材料的若干原则。     

基于肖特基接触Ⅳ分析法的有机半导体迁移率确定方法

载流子迁移率的测量对有机半导体材料及器件的研究极为重要.在总结目前有机半导体迁移率测量方法优缺点的基础之上,本文提出了一种测量有机半导体中载流子迁移率的新方法:用真空蒸镀法制作结构为"金属-有机半导体-金属"的肖特基接触有机半导体器件,通过选取适当的理论模型进行数值计算,然后用理论计算的结果对实验测得的该器件Ⅳ特性进行数值拟合,从而得到该有机半导体材料中载流子的迁移率,以及该材料的其他输运参数,如陷阱密度、陷阱特征深度等.本文利用这种方法测量了酞菁铜(CuPc)的空穴迁移率,并得到了CuPc的陷阱密度、陷阱特征深度等参数.     

XPS在酞菁类有机半导体研究方面的研究

作为探测分子和样品表面和界面的电子结构的有效手段，ＸＰＳ能够为材料及器件的设计提供有价值的信息。本从定量分析、生长模式，界面和电子结构等方面论述了ＸＰＳ在有机半导体领域的研究情况。     

采用低温辐射加热源的有机半导体薄膜真空蒸发设备的研制

针对有机半导体材料的蒸发温度低的特点,设计并制作了低温辐射式加热器和衬底加热器.低温辐射式加热器能有效的克服传统加热源在制备有机半导体薄膜过程中的缺点.衬底加热器也能明显的改善有机半导体薄膜的表面形貌.采用低温辐射式加热器和衬底加热器对有机半导体材料进行蒸发或溅射镀膜能够取得良好效果.其制作成本低,加热效率高,同时又能提高原有设备功效,在教学和科研生产中有着广泛的应用前景.     

XPS在酞菁类有机半导体研究方面的应用

作为探测分子和样品表面和界面的电子结构的有效手段,XPS能够为材料及器件的设计提供有价值的信息。本文从定量分析、生长模式、界面和电子结构等方面论述了XPS在有机半导体领域的研究情况。     

Development of new transparent conductors and device applications utilizing a multidisciplinary approach

Transparent and conductive films are key components for optoelectronic devices. They are applied as n-type transparent electrical contacts for inorganic and organic light emitting diodes, solar cells and flat panel displays as well as p- and n-type active semiconductive oxides to setup wide band gap p-n junctions and devices for the emerging field of transparent and radiation hard electronics.The demand for these films is strongly increasing due to the extensive market growth in these areas but the solutions available today only partially fulfill the requirements on low resistivity, high transmittance, large area deposition, low cost manufacturing, and ability for fine patterning, light scattering and precise alignment of the electronic structure to surrounding semiconductors.The cooperation of five Fraunhofer Institutes within the “Fraunhofer Project MAVO METCO” aims towards establishing fundamental knowledge and control about the defect chemistry, structure and morphology of the transparent semiconductive oxides. The goal is to achieve materials with outstanding properties such as n-type transparent conductive oxides with tailored work function and excellent durability, novel delafossite based p-type materials allowing cost effective large area deposition, oxide based p-n heterojunctions and Ag based electrodes to be used for thin film photovoltaics and organic light emitting diodes.Starting from first-principle modelling of the electronic structure, we address the development of new transparent conductive layers by PVD and Sol-Gel ending up with device implementation for OLEDs and organic as well as Si based a-Si:H/µc-Si:H and HIT solar cells.     

H2S气敏材料研究进展

本文综述了固体电解质、氧化物半导体（体材、厚膜、薄膜）型H2S气敏材料的研究进展及其应用．特别介绍了常温薄膜型H2S气敏材料的最新研究动态．     

信息功能陶瓷研究的新进展与挑战

信息功能陶瓷是各类电子元器件的核心材料,因而成为无机非金属材料研究中最为活跃的领域。研究主要集中在介电、压电/铁电、磁性介质陶瓷,导电/半导体陶瓷,以及它们之间的复合与集成。结合近年来我国信息功能陶瓷973计划项目的研究情况,从几个方面简述了信息功能陶瓷领域相关研究的新进展、面临的挑战及发展趋势。     

有机小分子电致磷光材料研究进展

在过去20年对小分子电致发光器件的研究中,由于没有充分利用三线态激子能量,器件的内量子效率存在25%的理论极限.由于有机磷光染料可以同时利用其单线态和三线态激子,理论上可以使器件的内量子效率达到100%,突破了25%的理论极限,因而近几年在小分子主体材料中掺杂磷光染料制成器件的研究备受关注.综述了近几年金属有机电致磷光材料的研究进展,重点评述了金属铱配合物在分子设计上的研究进展,同时论述了其发光机理和掺杂剂材料以及器件制作的研究进展,展望了金属有机配合物电致磷光材料的发展前景,并提出了今后磷光材料的发展方向.     

Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence via J‐Aggregates with Strong Intermolecular Charge Transfer

The development of high‐efficiency and low‐cost organic emissive materials and devices is intrinsically limited by the energy‐gap law and spin statistics, especially in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. A novel design strategy is reported for realizing highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials via J‐aggregates with strong intermolecular charge transfer (CT). Two organic donor–acceptor molecules with strong and planar acceptor are designed and synthesized, which can readily form J‐aggregates with strong intermolecular CT in solid states and exhibit wide‐tuning emissions from yellow to NIR. Experimental and theoretical investigations expose that the formation of such J‐aggregates mixes Frenkel excitons and CT excitons, which not only contributes to a fast radiative decay rate and a slow nonradiative decay rate for achieving nearly unity photoluminescence efficiency in solid films, but significantly decreases the energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (≈0.3 eV) to induce high‐efficiency TADF even in the NIR region. These organic light‐emitting diodes exhibit external quantum efficiencies of 15.8% for red emission and 14.1% for NIR emission, which represent the best result for NIR organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on TADF materials. These findings open a new avenue for the development of high‐efficiency organic emissive materials and devices based on molecular aggregates.     

Eliminating Trap‐States and Functionalizing Vacancies in 2D Semiconductors by Electrochemistry

One major challenge that limits the applications of 2D semiconductors is the detrimental electronic trap states caused by vacancies. Here using grand‐canonical density functional theory calculations, a novel approach is demonstrated that uses aqueous electrochemistry to eliminate the trap states of the vacancies in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides while leaving the perfect part of the material intact. The success of this electrochemical approach is based on the selectivity control by the electrode potential and the isovalence between oxygen and chalcogen. Motivated by these results, electrochemical conditions are further identified to functionalize the vacancies by incorporating various single metal atoms, which can bring in magnetism, tune carrier concentration/polarity, and/or activate single‐atom catalysis, enabling a wide range of potential applications. These approaches may be generalized to other 2D materials. The results open up a new avenue for improving the properties and extending the applications of 2D materials.     

Polyphenols and Bionanoparticle Combinations as Neuroprotective and Anticarcinogenic Agents: A Potential Neuropharmacological Solution to Combat Cerebral Stroke and Cancer

Polyphenols are naturally occurring organic materials that can be leveraged to develop extremely efficient drug agents for prevention in cerebral stroke related injuries and for chemotherapeutic purposes. Ongoing research on clinically important polyphenolic materials such as resveratrol and flavanols has indicated an immense potential for new drug design for treatment and prevention of cerebral ischemic stroke and other novel chemotherapeutic applications. In this short review, we have highlighted recent developments in this area to facilitate further research on this important class of organic materials for new biomedical applications that include nanoparticles based drug delivery systems.     

Small Molecule Organic Nanostructures—Fabrication and Properties

Organic materials are of great interest for the development of low cost electronic and optoelectronic devices. Although majority of research on organic materials is concerned with synthesis of novel compounds and organic thin films, organic nanostructures are attracting increasing interest in recent years. We briefly review different growth methods of organic nanostructures, which can be roughly divided into vapor deposition methods and self-assembly techniques in solution. Then we highlight some interesting properties of organic nanostructures, as well as possible applications, includinf field emission, electronic and optoelectronic devices.     

Cocrystal Engineering: A Collaborative Strategy toward Functional Materials

Cocrystal engineering with a noncovalent assembly feature by simple constituent units has inspired great interest and has emerged as an efficient and versatile route to construct functional materials, especially for the fabrication of novel and multifunctional materials, due to the collaborative strategy in the distinct constituent units. Meanwhile, the precise crystal architectures of organic cocrystals, with long‐range order as well as free defects, offer the opportunity to unveil the structure–property and charge‐transfer–property relationships, which are beneficial to provide some general rules in rational design and choice of functional materials. In this regard, an overview of organic cocrystals in terms of assembly, containing the intermolecular interactions and growth methods, two functionality‐related factors including packing structure and charge‐transfer nature, and those advanced and novel functionalities, is presented. An outlook of future research directions and challenges for organic cocrystal is also provided.