Electrochemical impedance spectra of V_2O_5 xerogel films with intercalation of lithium ion

1INTRODUCTION Vanadiumpentoxidexerogel(VXG)filmshavereceivedsignificantattentionduringthelasttwo decadesduetotheirbroadindustrialapplicationsespeciallyinopticalswitchingdevices[1,2],electro chromicdevices[3]andreversiblecathodesforlithi umrechargeablebatteries.ThecommonmethodsofpreparingVXGfilmsareconventionaltech niques,includingpulsedlaserdeposition[4],sput tering[5]andvacuum deposition[6].However,suchmethodsalwaysinvolveconditionsofhightemper atureandvacuum,whichrequirecomplicated…     

氧化镍/活性炭电极的超电容性能

在制作双电层电容器基础上,采用电化学沉积法,在活性炭电极表面负载氧化镍.XRD测定表明,镍氧化物以NiO形态负载于活性炭电极上.电化学性能研究表明,氧化镍/活性炭复合电极循环伏安曲线呈矩形特征,具有良好的电容特性;其交流阻抗谱由圆弧和直线组成,电化学过程受扩散和氧化镍的赝电容行为控制;其恒电流充电曲线呈直线,电容特性显著,大电流性能良好,比容量达104.7 F/g,是活性炭电极比容量的1.35倍.     

Electrochemical properties of vanadium pentoxide xerogel films

1INTRODUCTION Rapiddevelopmentofmicroelectronicsinre centyearsrequiresminiaturizationofpowersources.Toreducethesizeandcostofbatteries,electronicsmanufacturersareincreasinglyinterest edinthin filmrechargeablebatteries[1].Thesebatterieshaveauniqueadvantagethattheycanbeincorporatedintothesameintegratedcircuitwithotherelectronicelements.Formanyapplications,thethin filmbatteriesneedtohavealargerchar gingcapacityandabettercyclicstability.Manymaterials,suchasV6O13,V2O5,LiMn2O4,Li CoO2andLiN…     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Co3O4/graphite composites as anodes of lithium ion batteries

Co₃O₄/graphite composites were synthesized by precipitation of cobalt oxalate on the surface of graphite and pyrolysis of the precipitate, and the effects of graphite content and calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of the composites were investigated. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge/discharge measurements. With increasing the graphite content, the reversible capacity of the Co₃O₄/graphite composites decreases, while cycling stability improves dramatically, and the addition of graphite obviously decreases the average potential of lithium intercalation/deintercalation. The reversible capacity of the composites with 50% graphite rises from 583 to 725 mA·h/g as the calcination temperature increases from 300 to 500 °C, and the Co₃O₄/graphite composites synthesized at 400 °C show the best cycling stability without capacity loss in the initial 20 cycles. The CV profile of the composite presents two couples of redox peaks, corresponding to the lithium intercalaction/deintercalation for graphite and Co₃O₄, respectively. EIS studies indicate that the electrochemical impedance decreases with increasing the graphite content.     

锂硫二次电池S-V2O5正极复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用不同化学计量比的单质硫和五氧化二钒合成复合材料,应用XRD和SEM表征观察硫-五氧化二钒复合材料,循环伏安、交流阻抗和电池充放电测试材料的电化学性能。结果表明：n（S）∶n（V2O5）为5∶1时具有较好的电化学性能,首次放电比容量为396.7 mAh·g^-1,以0.1 C倍率循环20次后的容量为350 mAh·g^-1。     

超级电容器PANI/MnO2 复合材料电极的制备及性能研究

通过回收废旧三元锂电池正极材料中的Mn 制备超级电容器PANI/MnO₂ 复合电极材料, 实现废旧材料的资源化, 符合绿色化学的发展要求。主要探索了两种不同氧化剂(KMnO₄ 和APS) 对PANI/MnO₂ 复合材料形貌和电化学性能的影响, 由实验结果可知, 在KMnO₄ 氧化条件下制备的具有空隙的针棒状复合材料PANI/MnO₂ -1 的电化学性能明显略优。PANI/MnO₂ -1 作为电极时的比电容可达2 183 F/g, 充放电100 圈后比电容仍具有初始值的60.81%, 循环稳定性较好, 是一种性质优良的超级电容器电极材料。结果表明实验设计的废旧三元锂电池回收再利用方法切实可行, 为超级电容器PANI/MnO₂ 复合材料电极的制备提供了新的研究思路。     

熔融淬冷法制备V2O5干凝胶薄膜的XPS研究

研究在熔融淬冷法中应用氧气顶吹工艺制备了 V2 O5溶胶。XRD分析表明 ,氧气顶吹工艺制备的 V2 O5· n H2 O凝胶薄膜与空气中熔融 V2 O5制备的 V2 O5· n H2 O凝胶薄膜的结构有细微差别。着重采用 X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)分析了两种 V2 O5干凝胶薄膜的化学组成及钒、氧离子的化学状态     

Kinetic study of LiMn2O4 in process of lithium intercalation

Exchange current density of spinel LiMn₂O₄ was studied by linear polarization. The relationship of the kinetic property with the structure of spinel LiMn₂O₄ was investigated by studying the effect of the doping and surface coating on the kinetic properties of electrode material. The results show that the exchange current density of spinel LiMn₂O₄ electrode increases with the increase of the amount for lithium intercalation at first, and then decreases. The maximal exchange current density appeares at the 80%–90% lithium intercalation. The similar phenomenon was observed on the doped spinel LiMn₂O₄ electrode. Doping can enhance the exchange current density of spinel LiMn₂O₄ material. However, the degree of the doping effect varies with the doped element varying. Surface coating can also enhance the exchange current density of spinel material, and the increment of value is higher than that of doped ones. Foundation item: Project(50302016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Z-CoS2-MoS2/rGO的合成及电化学储锂性能

为了研发比容量高和循环性能稳定的电化学储锂电极材料,用二甲基咪唑钴(ZIF-67)作为Co源前驱体,通过一步水热法制备Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO(还原氧化石墨烯)复合材料,研究微观结构和电化学储锂性能. 结果表明,与采用CoCl₂作为钴源制得的CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO相比,Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO复合材料中CoS₂粒子有着更加细小和较均匀的粒径,很好地分散在MoS₂和rGO表面,形成了相应的异质结构. 作为电化学储锂电极材料,Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO的可逆比容量可以达到1 092 mA·h/g,经900次循环后在500 mA/g电流密度下保持了941 mA·h/g的储锂可逆比容量,显示了稳定的充放电循环性能. Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO优异的电化学储锂性能主要归因于该双金属硫化物复合材料具有较多的电化学储锂电极反应电对以及复合材料中CoS₂纳米颗粒、MoS₂纳米片和rGO之间均匀的复合及所形成的异质结构.     

Lithium Instertion in poly (ethylene oxide )/MoO3 Xerogel Nanocomposite Films

The nanocomposite films were prepared by direct intercalation of poly (ethylene oxide) and PEO into MoO3 xerogel via sol-gel route,The electrochromic behavior and the chemical conditionws of Li^ ions were investigated by cyclic voltammograms,UV-visible spectral transmittance and XPS,The tesults show that the cycling efficiency and the reversibility of insertion/extraciton of Li^ ions in (PEO)1 MoO3 .nH2O nanocomposite film were improved.The intercalation of PEO into MoO3 xerogel modulated the wavelength range of electrochromism and enhanced the electrochromic efficiney,Two different chemical conditions of Li^ ions existing in the interlayer and interstitial positions of MoO3 lattice were observed in MoO3 XEROGEL AND (PEO)1 MoO3.nH2O naocomposite films.     

碳钢电极在Al_2O_3纳米流体中的腐蚀行为研究

采用电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线研究了碳钢电极在以模拟冷却水为基液的Al_2O_3纳米流体中的腐蚀行为.实验结果表明,Al_2O_3纳米颗粒对碳钢的腐蚀有一定的抑制作用;Al_2O_3纳米流体中碳钢电极的耐蚀性能随着温度的升高而降低,添加分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对碳钢也有一定的缓蚀作用,当SDBS的用量超过一定值时,对碳钢的缓蚀性能开始下降.     

Synthesis and performance of carbon-modified LiFePO4 using an in situ PVA pyrolysis procedure

LiFePO4/carbon composite cathode material was prepared by granulating and subsequent pyrolysis processing in N2 atmosphere with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the carbon source. The influences of carbon content on the microstructure and battery performance were investigated. Single LiFePO4 phase and amorphous carbon can be found in the products. A special micro-morphology perature dependence of its electrochemical characteristic was evaluated by using AC impedance spectroscopy. A new equivalent circuit based on the charge and mass transfer control process in an electrode was proposed to fit the obtained AC impedance spectra.The tendency of every element in the equivalent circuit was used to interpret the temperature dependence of the capacity of the optimum cathode.     

LiFePO4／C的电化学性能

采用固相烧结法,在惰性气氛下制备了橄榄石型LiFePO4／C正极材料．通过充放电循环实验、循环伏安实验、交流阻抗、拉曼光谱等现代手段,研究了样品的优化制备条件与电化学性能的关系．研究表明,在720℃烧结的样品以1C倍率电流充放电时,首次放电容量为113mAh／g,50循环的放电容量为116mAh／g,表现出优秀的循环稳定性．锂离子扩散系数为1．56×10^-8cm^2／s．在30循环内,样品的电荷传递阻抗随着充放电循环的进行逐渐减小．     

泡沫碳@SnO2复合材料的制备及电化学性能

为了提高氧化锡（SnO₂）电极的电化学性能,采用牺牲模板法和水热法相结合,制备了C@SnO₂复合电极材料。结果表明水热反应过程中生成的SnO₂纳米颗粒负载在泡沫碳的骨架上,或存在于泡囊中。C@SnO₂电极在0.1 A/g的电流密度下循环100圈后比容量超过660 mAh/g。在1.6 A/g的大电流密度下充放电时,电池的比容量达到较高水平（≥310 mAh/g）。这种优异的电化学性能归因于SnO₂纳米颗粒的纳米特性和泡沫碳的特殊结构,可以改善电子传导性,并适应脱嵌锂过程中SnO₂的体积变化。与纯SnO₂电极相比,C@SnO₂复合电极的比容量显著提升,稳定性也得到了增强。     

Improvement of Lithium Interface Stability with 1,4-dioxane Pretreatment

1,4-dioxane （DOA） was originally used to pretreat the lithium metal electrode in order to improve its interface stability. Electrochemical impedance spectra （EIS） measurements reveal that with DOA pretreatment, lithium electrode has a low and stable interfacial resistance during the storage in electrolyte for a long time. And it is also found that the pretreated lithium electrode has an improved interfacial performance in repeated charge/discharge cycles. Furthermore, it is proved by SEM that the pretreated one has smooth morphology after long-time storage or repeated charge/discharge cycles. Consequentially, because of more stable interface characteristics of lithium electrode, the rechargeable lithium cell with DOA pretreated lithium anode has an obviously enhanced discharging performance and a better cycleability, compared with that of the cell using the untreated lithium anode.     

Lithium Insertion in Poly(ethylene oxide)/MoO_3 Xerogel Nanocomposite Films

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MoS2/硼掺杂石墨烯的电化学析氢和储锂性能

为了研发高效低成本的析氢反应(HER)电催化剂和高性能的电化学储锂电极材料,通过一步水热法制备MoS₂/硼掺杂石墨烯（MoS₂/BG）复合材料. 结果表明,少堆积MoS₂纳米片均匀地分散在硼掺杂石墨烯上,并具有较多的无序结构和扩大的层间距. 作为析氢反应电催化剂,MoS₂/BG复合材料表现出较高的电催化活性和较低的Tafel斜率（46.3 mV/dec）;作为电化学储锂电极材料,MoS₂/BG复合材料表现出优异的电化学储锂性能,可逆比容量为1 205 mA·h/g,并具有稳定的循环性能和显著增强的高倍率特性. MoS₂/BG复合材料电化学性能优异是由于硼掺杂改变石墨烯的电子性质和表面特性,以及无序结构较多的弱堆积MoS₂层均匀地分散在硼掺杂石墨烯表面,增加电催化析氢反应的活性位点和电化学储锂能力,降低电极反应的电子转移阻抗,增强电极反应的动力学性能.     

碳微米螺旋纤维的电化学特性研究

用碳螺旋纤维作锂离子电池的电极,选择金属锂片作为对电极和参比电极,系统地测量其极化过程中的充放电曲线、循环性能以及电化学阻抗谱.结果表明：首次放电比容量为304.06mAh/g,首次充电比容量为184.87mAh/g,不可逆比容量为119.19mAh/g;循环实验显示,该材料第150周放电比容量达到170mAh/g,为第2周的80%,循环性能良好,这与碳螺旋纤维的大比表和中空结构密切相关;首次放电阻抗谱显示,当电极电位位于1.2～0.6V时,电解液与螺旋纤维间的固体电解质相界面膜（简称SEI膜）开始生长,所形成的SEI膜性质稳定,这也为维护循环稳定性提供有力保障.     

Using HF rather than NH4F as doping source for spray-deposited SnO2:F thin films

Fluorine doped tin oxide SnO₂:F thin films were prepared by the spray pyrolysis (SP) technique on glass substrates by using SnCl₂·2H₂O as a precursor and NH4F and HF as doping compounds. A comparison between the properties of the films obtained by using the two doping compounds was performed by using I–V characteristics in the dark at room temperature, AC measurements, and transmittance. It is found that the films prepared by using HF have smaller resistivity, lower impedance and they are less capacitive than films prepared by using NH₄F. In addition, these films have higher transmittance, higher optical bandgap energy and narrower Urbach tail width. These results are interesting for the use of SnO₂:F as forecontact in CdS/CdTe solar cells.     

Preparation and electrochemical studies of Y-doped LiVPO<Subscript>4</Subscript>F cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Y-doped LiVPO₄F cathode materials were prepared by a carbothermal reduction(CTR) process. The properties of the Y-doped LiVPO₄F samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical measurements. XRD studies show that the Y-doped LiVPO₄F samples have the same triclinic structure as the undoped LiVPO₄F. The Li extraction/insertion performances of Y-doped LiVPO₄F samples were investigated through charge/discharge, cyclic voltammogram (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS). The optimal doping content of Y is x=0.04 in LiY _x V_1−x PO₄F system. The Y-doped LiVPO₄F samples show a better cyclic ability. The electrode reaction reversibility is enhanced, and the charge transfer resistance is decreased through the Y-doping. The improved electrochemical performances of the Y-doped LiVPO₄F cathode materials are attributed to the addition of Y³⁺ ion by stabilizing the triclinic structure. Funded by the Sponsor Teams for Innovation in the Construction of Talent Highlands in Guangxi Institutions of Higher Learning(GuiJiaoRen [2007]71), Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.0832259), the Research Funds of the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Protection and Assessment Program to Sponsor Teams for Innovation in the Construction of Talent Highlands in Guangxi Institutions of Higher Learning(GuiJiaoRen [2007]71)