Synthesis of flower-like CdS nanostructures by organic-free hydrothermal process and their optical properties

Flower-like CdS nanostructures consisting of sword-like nanorods have been prepared via organic-free hydrothermal method using thioacetamide (TAA) as sulfur source. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) shows that the obtained flower-like CdS nanostructures are of hexagonal phase. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern identifies that the flower-like CdS nanostructures are single crystalline in nature. Furthermore, the optical properties of flower-like CdS nanostructures have been characterized by ultraviolet-vis (UV-vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Finally, the investigation on the mechanism indicates that the internal structure and sulfur mass transport controlled by TAA play the critical role in the formation of flower-like CdS nanostructures.     

Growth of novel multi-trunk CdS dendrites by hydrothermal method without surfactant

In the current paper, novel multi-trunk CdS dendrites were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal system, employing CdCl₂·2H₂O and KSCN as the starting materials. No extra surfactants were used. The observations from TEM and SEM showed that the product composed of a few long central trunks with secondary branches, which preferentially grew in a parallel direction with a definite angle to the trunks. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns confirmed that the dendrite was single crystalline in nature. X-ray diffraction analyses proved that the CdS dendrites were pure hexagonal structure. On the basis of the experimental results, a possible growth process has been discussed.     

Synthesis of brush-like CdS nanorod arrays through a novel hydrothermal reaction of simultaneous solvent-oxidation-hydrolysis

Brush-like CdS arrays composed of well-arranged nanorods have been successfully synthesized for the first time through a novel chemical reaction under the low-temperature hydrothermal condition. The reaction can be described as the solvent-oxidation-hydrolysis reaction among Cd, H₂O and thiourea. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). TEM results showed that these nanorods were about 20?nm wide with lengths varying from 1.25?µm to 3.5?µm. XRD pattern indicated that as-obtained CdS was hexagonal phase with good crystallinity. PL spectrum showed the products had novel optical property from the bulk counterpart. The formation mechanism was also explored.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and optical properties of CuS nanoplates

CuS nanoplates have been successfully prepared in the presence of cation surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) by hydrothermally treating the solution of CuCl₂·2H₂O and Na₂S·9H₂O at 180 °C for 24 h. The as-prepared CuS nanoplates are of hexagonal phase and are single crystal. The thickness and edge length of the nanoplates are about 15 nm and 60 nm, respectively. The products was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence measurements and ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer. The influences of synthetic parameters, such as reaction time and CTAB, on the morphologies of the products have been investigated.     

水热法制备CdS纳米结构

利用氯化镉(CdC12)、硫脲(CO(NH2)2)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),在水热条件下获得了玉米棒状和花状等不同形貌的CdS纳米结构.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、荧光发光光谱(PL)、紫外可见光分光光度计(UV-vis)对产物进行表征.结果表明:PVP对不同形貌CdS纳米结构的形成起关键作用,随着PVP量的增加,PVP选择性地吸附(102)晶面,抑制了该(102)晶面方向的生长,使产物的形貌由玉米棒状转变为花状;而花状纳米结构的紫外的吸收产生了红移现象,荧光性能无明显变化.     

A hydrothermal approach to flake-shaped CdS single crystals

The morphological transformation process from CdS nanorods to hexagonal CdS flakes was investigated in detail by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The CdS flakes were liable to form with the alkalinity being increased and the reaction time being prolonged. Using this transformation, hexagonal CdS flakes with diameters of 0.3 cm were grown via a recrystallization process in 6 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at 250 °C. And the formation mechanism of CdS flakes is suggested based on the growth habits of polar crystals under proper basic hydrothermal conditions.     

无助剂水热合成CdS微球

利用水热合成法,在不使用任何辅助剂的条件下,制备出形貌均一的CdS微球。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明水热合成避免了S2-离子的氧化,在适当的保温温度和保温时间下得到了具有明显量子尺寸效应的表面光滑的CdS微球。     

多臂 CdS纳米晶体的水热控制合成

以络合剂为辅助剂，用水热方法合成了多臂CdS纳米晶体，用TEM、ED、SEM、RAMAN、PL等技术对产物进行了表征．研究了不同络合剂对水热合成多臂CdS纳米晶体的影响，以乙二胺、甲胺、乙胺为辅助剂水热合成所得三臂CdS的产率分别为2％、35％、85％，而以氨为辅助剂时，仅能得到颗粒状CdS纳米晶体．此外，对水热合成多臂CdS纳米晶体的形成机制作了初步探讨．     

一种无水无氧制备CdS纳米晶的新方法

以醋酸镉和硫为原料,采用二硫化四乙基秋兰姆TETD和2,2-二硫代二苯并噻唑为成核剂,利用无水无氧系统在ODE的溶液中制备了尺寸可控、单分散、均一的半导体CdS纳米材料.采用XRD、粒度分析、SEM技术分别表征产物的结构、粒度和形貌.通过改变两种成核剂的使用量及反应时间可以得到不同粒径的CdS纳米晶.研究表明,在一定范围内,成核剂使用量增加或者反应时间延长都会导致产物的粒度变大,因此通过调节成核荆的使用量和反应时间从而实现对CdS纳米晶的可控生长.     

功能化CdS纳米晶的制备

以氯化镉和硫化钠为原料,2-巯基乙醇(ME)为有机配体,成功制备了粒径可控的、表面富有羟基的CdS纳米晶.采用不同的ME/Cd2 及H2O/DMF比例以观察有机配体及溶剂对生成粒子尺寸的影响.透射电子显微图证实了球形CdS纳米粒子很好地分散在H2O/DMF溶液中,没有任何团聚现象发生.傅立叶变换红外谱图(FT-IR)显示了羟基基团成功地包覆在纳米晶的表面.X线衍射(XRD)测试揭示了功能化CdS纳米晶的晶形主要为立方晶.     

用水热、溶剂热方法制备纳米CdS粒子及其光催化性能

以硫化钠和硫代乙酰胺为硫源,用水热和溶剂热方法制备了不同粒径的纳米硫化镉半导体光催化剂.借助X射线衍射（XRD）,UV-Vis漫反射对CdS催化剂进行了表征.以甲酸水溶液的光催化制氢反应为探针,评价了不同合成方法对催化剂活性的影响;用电化学方法测定了CdS光腐蚀程度.结果表明,反应物、溶剂与温度等都可影响CdS晶型与结晶度,导致其光催化活性差异;CdS光腐蚀性与其晶型有关,并随结晶度的提高显著降低,这说明通过控制合适的条件可制备高活性低腐蚀的CdS.     

溶胶模板法合成CdS纳米棒

以硝酸镉与硫代乙酰胺为起始物,采用DMF为溶剂,在低温(～50℃)下通过软化学法合成了CdS纳米棒,其直径为7～20nm,长度达500nm.通过XRD、TEM、SAED以及EDS对纳米棒的结构和成分进行了表征;通过引入乙酰丙酮(AcAc)控制钛酸丁酯水解,形成的溶胶中分子间网络孔道为CdS纳米棒提供了有效的生长模板.     

AOT表面修饰CdS纳米粒子的合成与表征

以AOT为表面活性剂,硫脲及乙酸镉为原料,磷酸二氢钾为相转移剂,分别在水相和有机相中制备了CdS纳米粒子.UV-Vis光谱表明,CdS纳米粒子具有明显的量子尺寸效应.FTIR光谱分析表明,水相中AOT分子的-S=O、-C-O、-C=O基团指向溶剂,-CH2-基团堆砌在CdS纳米粒子表面,而有机相中则相反.TEM测试结果表明,有机相球形CdS纳米粒子具有较好的自组装行为,其尺寸为5～10nm且分布较窄.     

气-液反应反胶束法制备CdS纳米颗粒

用H₂S气体分别与反胶束中的CdCl₂水溶液和由EDTA络合的CdCl₂水溶液反应,制备了单分散程度较高的CdS纳米颗粒,在产物中还发现有少量三角形颗粒,并对其形成机理进行了初步探讨。     

复合结构纳米晶CdS：Cu/CdS的制备及光学特性

在非配位溶剂中合成了高质量的CdS纳米晶核,并利用Cu2+离子对其进行掺杂,制备了CdS:Cu纳米晶.通过进一步采用连续离子层吸附反应的方法对CdS:Cu纳米晶进行表面修饰,得到CdS:Cu/CdS复合结构纳米晶.利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM),紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱(PL)对其结构、形貌以及光学性质进行了表征和分析,结果表明:所制备的复合结构CdS:Cu/CdS纳米晶为立方闪锌矿结构;与CdS纳米晶核相比,掺杂Cu2+可以使其表面态发光发生红移;在CdS:Cu纳米晶中,通过改变掺杂Cu2+的浓度,可以实现表面态发光在570和620nm之间的连续调节.与未经包覆的CdS:Cu纳米晶相比,包覆层CdS增强了纳米晶CdS:Cu的稳定性.     

功能化CdS纳米晶的合成及CdS/聚苯乙烯纳米杂化材料的研究

以氯化镉和硫化钠为原料,采用巯基乙醇为有机配体,在H2O/DMF的溶剂中,制得分散均匀且表面富含羟基基团CdS纳米晶溶液.我们使用γ-甲基丙烯氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)来修饰CdS纳米晶的表面,得到双键官能团化的CdS纳米晶.通过原位自由基聚合方法,成功地得到了聚苯乙烯基CdS纳米晶复合材料.利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱仪(UV-vis)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TGA)、荧光光谱 (PL) 考察了CdS纳米晶及CdS/聚苯乙烯复合材料的结构和光学性能的关系规律.结果表明巯基乙醇表现出良好的光学性能,其配体不是简单的物理吸附于纳米晶表面,而是以化学键的形式和纳米晶表面镉原子相结合.相比于纯的聚苯乙烯材料,聚苯乙烯基CdS纳米晶材料表现出良好的光学和热学性能.     

水热法合成铁掺杂的硫化镉及光催化性能

以硝酸镉、硝酸铁和硫脲为原料,水为溶剂,通过水热法一步合成铁掺杂的硫化镉。产物经SEM,XRD,EDS和XPS等技术进行表征,以亚甲基蓝的光催化降解为目标反应,评价其光催化活性。结果表明:水热温度对硫化镉的形貌影响较大,不同反应温度可分别得到球状、花状、簇状和棒状的硫化镉,其中花状硫化镉的光催化性能最高。XRD分析表明,160℃反应时,所得掺铁的硫化镉均为六方晶体结构。光催化实验表明,铁掺杂能进一步提高硫化镉的催化活性,当Fe和Cd的掺杂比为1∶10时,催化效果最佳。     

甲醇介质中溶剂热合成六方CdS中空纳米球

以甲醇为溶剂, 硝酸镉和硫脲为原料, 通过溶剂热法合成了CdS中空纳米球, 采用TEM、EDS和XRD对样品形貌和结构进行了表征. TEM与EDS分析显示产物主要为洋葱状CdS中空纳米球, 外径为5～17nm, 空腔直径为3～14nm. XRD分析结果表明,CdS中空纳米球为六方纤锌矿结构. 并初步考察了醇类溶剂对形成CdS纳米结构的影响. 结果表明,当以无水乙醇或正戊醇为溶剂时,产物分别为CdS颗粒团簇或CdS纳米颗粒组装的微球,说明甲醇对中空结构的形成起了重要作用. 以甲醇作溶剂时, 中空纳米球的形成可能是CdS纳米片层高压下卷曲形成的.      

快速升温法制备CdS纳米带的生长机理研究

在无任何催化剂的条件下, 采用快速升温法在单晶硅衬底上制备了高质量的、形貌均匀的CdS纳米带. X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)分析显示, 纳米带属六方单晶结构, 生长方向为[001]. 讨论了纳米带形成的机理, 认为CdS纳米带状六方结构的形成, 主要是由于生长速度的各向异性及在沉积区具有较低的过饱和度和较高的沉积温度等因素导致.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮硫脲修饰CdS纳米粒子的制备

用硫脲为表面修饰剂,并用PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)为稳定剂在乙醇水溶液中合成了粒径分布均匀、性能稳定、有机物修饰的CdS纳米颗粒.重点分析了硫脲的引入对CdS纳米粒子晶体结构、粒径分布、紫外可见吸收光谱、红外光谱、光致荧光光谱(PL)的影响.发现硫脲修饰使得CdS纳米粒子的粒径更小,粒径分布更加均匀,并且有效地抑止了PVP对CdS荧光淬灭,在PL光谱上观察到了CdS的带隙发光.