聚合物基疏水/超疏水涂层防垢的研究进展

聚合物基疏水/超疏水涂层因具有较低的表面自由能、优良的粘结性及化学稳定性,在防垢方面具有重要的应用前景。主要围绕"聚合物基涂层",综述了环氧树脂、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)及全氟聚醚(PFPE)等疏水/超疏水涂层在防垢方面的研究进展。展望了其在防垢中面临的挑战以及进一步需要研究的工作。     

聚合物基疏水/超疏水涂层防垢的研究进展

聚合物基疏水/超疏水涂层因具有较低的表面自由能、优良的粘结性及化学稳定性,在防垢方面具有重要的应用前景。主要围绕"聚合物基涂层",综述了环氧树脂、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)及全氟聚醚(PFPE)等疏水/超疏水涂层在防垢方面的研究进展。展望了其在防垢中面临的挑战以及进一步需要研究的工作。     

可溶性阳极电刷镀纳晶Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐磨损性能

采用可溶性镍阳极电刷镀方法,在铜片上制备了Ni-P纳晶镀层和Ni-P-SiC复合镀层,镀层表面平整、致密、无裂纹.纳米颗粒的加入没有改变镀层的纳米晶结构,对镀层磷含量影响不大.硬度测试和摩擦磨损试验表明:纳米SiC的加入起到细晶强化和弥散强化作用,可以提高镀层的硬度和耐磨性能:添加纳米颗粒后镀层磨损方式由黏着磨损转变为磨粒磨损.     

表面工程技术应用于蒸发器的防垢及沸腾传热强化的研究进展

对传统的表面工程技术和纳米表面工程技术在蒸发器等换热设备的防垢和沸腾传热强化方面的研究进展进行了综述。分析了采用磁控溅射、离子注入、化学复合镀、分子自组装等表面工程技术制得的低能表面,包括纳米涂层传热表面的防垢或强化沸腾传热的功效。认为应用表面工程技术的难点在于如何制备既能防垢又能强化沸腾传热的优良传热表面;高黏物系的污垢形成规律和表面抗垢机理研究,应用纳米表面工程技术进行防垢和强化沸腾传热研究是今后的重要研究方向。     

柔性陶瓷复合涂层在油田集输管线防垢中的应用研究

无机微纳米陶瓷粉为填料,加入溶剂、稀释剂、固化剂,涂刷在金属表面可以得到柔性陶瓷复合涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM和接触角测试表征,研究涂层表面结构与润湿性能的关系。研究表明,涂层表面的乳突结构能够增大水滴角,有效降低材料表面能,减小成垢离子在涂层表面的接触面积。柔性陶瓷复合涂层在油田管道现场挂片实验,展现出良好的防垢效果。     

电刷镀纳米晶镍镀层

采用电刷镀的方法,通过在刷镀溶液中加入不同类型及含量的表面活性剂,在铁基体上制备出了纳米晶镍镀层。通过原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察,分析纳米晶镍镀层的二维和三维表面形貌。利用X-射线衍射仪,估算纳米晶镍镀层的晶粒平均尺寸。     

电沉积梯度Ni-Co纳米合金镀层的研究

采用直流电沉积技术制备了梯度Ni-Co纳米合金厚镀层。测定了该镀层的内应力及显微硬度,采用X射线衍射仪及能谱仪分别对镀层的晶相结构与成分进行了分析,采用扫描电镜对镀层的表面形貌和磨痕进行了观察,并对其摩擦、磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明,该合金镀层具有较好的成分梯度和相应的结构梯度,具有优异的抗磨减摩性能。说明梯度化的设计可以有效降低合金镀层的内应力,提高镀层的抗磨和减摩性能。     

Ni-W-P镀层的防垢性能

在紫铜基体上制备了化学镀Ni-W-P镀层,X射线衍射结果表明,镀层的结构形态为非晶态。污垢附着实验和池沸腾实验结果表明,低表面自由能的化学镀Ni-W-P镀层使污垢沉积速度降低了52%,在硫酸钙溶液中的传热系数则是紫铜表面的1.7倍。用高速摄影仪观察了沸腾表面的气泡行为,由于传热方式的差别形成了两种不同结构的硫酸钙污垢,紫铜表面为针状垢,而镀层表面是粒状垢。     

聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠对电沉积纳米孪晶铜的影响

以聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠(SPS)、明胶蛋白胨(GP)、氯离子为添加剂采用直流电镀制备了高度(220)择优取向的纳米孪晶铜，并探究了其形核机理。结果表明，加入SPS会使镀层由(111)和(220)取向转变为具有(220)择优取向的纳米孪晶铜，并且SPS浓度会强烈影响镀层的过渡层厚度。SPS和GP在铜表面竞争性吸附，使镀层的内应力比单一添加剂时更高，镀层通过形成(220)择优取向孪晶铜释放内应力。纳米孪晶铜的形核和生长受到电流密度和添加剂的共同影响，在合适的过电位下镀层才能通过形成孪晶来释放应变能。在20 mg/L SPS、4 A/dm²条件下，孪晶结构最完整，过渡层最薄。     

高耐蚀耐磨非晶纳米晶复合涂层材料及制备技术

“高耐蚀耐磨非晶纳米晶复合涂层材料及制备技术”课题开发了高耐蚀耐磨非晶纳米晶复合涂层的制备技术，具有两个重要特点：一是可直接获得非晶纳米晶粉体材料，并在喷涂过程中保证粉体材料结构不发生改变，获取非晶纳米晶复合涂层；二是对非晶粉体材料，通过控制喷涂技术参数，在喷涂过程中改变、调节粉体组织结构，使得形成的喷涂涂层具有非晶纳米晶复合结构。开发了新型熔一喷硬质合金涂层的制备技术与装备，具有涂层结合强度高、组织结构致密均匀、耐腐蚀、耐磨损、耐高温、抗冲击、抗疲劳性好等特点，并可实现功能不同的梯度涂层。在北京顺义建立了热喷涂示范生产线；在哈尔滨电机厂开展了涂层性能的台架试验，对高耐蚀耐磨非晶纳米晶复合涂层在水轮机叶片上的应用开展研究，取得良好效果；在河北省梯级水电站对拟报废旧转轮进行修复，经一个汛期（三个月）的实地使用考察，涂层表现优良，获得电站专家的高度评价。申请发明专利9项。     

Effect of surface microstructure on the hydrophobicity of coatings

In this paper, coatings adopted SiO₂ nanoparticles ranging from 1 wt% to 7 wt% were in situ polymerized with low surface energy polymer, and different surface microstructures were built automatically during painting film. Copper microstructure surface was also achieved by chemical etching method and then was modified by low surface energy resin as contrast. The contact angle and the peel strength between the coating and bio-gooey simulacrum were studied. The results showed that the hydrophobicity of the coating was remarkably affected by the surface microstructure. The coating containing 5 wt% SiO₂ nanoparticles was covered with micro- and nano-scale salience and holes, and had the maximum contact angle and the minimum peel strength. Copper slices presented uniform micron and sub-micron structure surface when etching for 15 min and the contact angle reached a maximum of 125° after being modified.     

Surface,microstructure and optical properties of copper-doped diamond-like carbon coating deposited in pulsed cathodic arc plasma

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating doped with copper has been deposited on silicon substrate by pulsed cathodic arc plasma using a composite cathode made of graphite with inserted copper rods. The surface morphology, microstructure and distribution patterns of elements in the coating and substrate have been studied by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microcopy, Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the studied coating is very well-adhered to the silicon substrate, with no microcracks, microvoids, localized delaminations or other defects being observed at the coating/substrate interface. It is also shown that the studied coating has layered microstructure and its surface is very smooth, however containing a few of nano-sized particle-like projections of copper oxide that seems to be a specific feature of all the pulsed methods used for deposition of DLC coatings doped with metals. The distribution patterns of elements in the microstructure of the studied coating are discussed. The relationship between refractive index of the coatings, and the intensity ratio of D and G peaks in the Raman spectrum has been established.     

Ni-SiC纳米复合电镀工艺的研究

分析了镀液中纳米SiC悬浮量、阴极电流密度、镀液pH值、温度以及搅拌速度对复合沉积层中纳米SiC复合量和共沉积速率的影响,同时用正交实验法优选了各工艺参数,并且对Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层进行了表面形貌和能谱分析.结果表明,Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层表面平整光滑,显微组织均匀、致密,并且,其显微硬度也较纯镍镀层有明显提高.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of wear-resistant titanium oxide coatings deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using laser cladding

In this work, a freeze-dried TiO₂ nano-sized powder was used as the coating material and single tracks of TiO_x coating were cladded on Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a diode laser. The microstructure, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of the coatings were characterized and their relationships were explored. Coatings with structural and compositional gradients formed under a laser energy density (LED) of 20 kJ/m, while coatings with a relatively homogeneous microstructure were obtained using a LED of 30 kJ/m. The microstructure evolution was controlled by the molten pool lifetime and the intensity of convective flow during laser processing. The elastic modulus of the graded coating showed a decreasing trend from the top coating surface to the interface while that of the homogeneous coating remained constant. Our results also demonstrated that the hardness and wear resistance of the oxide coatings were up to four and ten times higher than that of the substrate.     

SiO2质量浓度对Au-SiO2复合镀层结构与性能的影响

采用复合电镀技术制备了A u-S iO2纳米微粒复合镀层,研究了镀液中S iO2纳米粉体的浓度对A u-S iO2纳米微粒复合镀层结构与性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDX)对复合镀层进行了表面形貌和能谱分析,使用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)测试分析了粉体对金镀层组织结构的影响。结果表明,随着镀液中S iO2浓度的增加,镀层中S iO2含量与镀层硬度随之增加,在镀液中S iO2质量浓度为15 g/L时,两者出现最大值;另外S iO2粉体的加入细化了复合镀层的结晶结构。     

连续镀锌板镀层粘附性不良的研究

利用SEM-EDS,EPMA等手段对连续镀锌板镀层组织和成分进行了分析.结果表明:带钢表面碳沉积,镀层中出现铁锌中间相,镀层分层,镀层中夹杂固体杂质,钢板表面过度氧化等是导致镀层粘附性不良的主要原因.     

2A12铝合金冷喷铜涂层的组织与性能

铝合金是常用的导电类零部件基材,工程上一般采用电镀铜或热喷涂铜技术在铝合金零部件表面制备单质铜涂层提高其导电性,但电镀铜层与基体结合不稳定,热喷涂铜涂层存在粗糙度大、易氧化的问题。以冷喷涂技术为手段在2A12铝合金基体上制备单质铜涂层,采用显微镜、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、表面粗糙度测量仪、显微硬度计和划痕试验机进行涂层组织与性能研究。结果表明,涂层氧化率较低,粗糙度与电弧喷铜涂层相比明显减小,涂层组织过渡良好,未发现明显的疏松与空洞,结合力高于电弧喷涂涂层,电阻率约小于电弧喷涂。     

Preparation and microcosmic structural analysis of recording coating on inkjet printing media

Preparation of recording coating on inkjet printing (RC-IJP) media was proposed. The microstructure and roughness of RC-IJP was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The surface infiltration process of RC-IJP was studied by a liquid infiltration instrument. The distribution of C, O and Si composites on recording coating surface is analyzed by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the nanoscale silica could be dissolved uniformly in water. Finally, the print color is shown clearly by the preparative recording coating.     

ABS塑料表面化学镀铜激光无钯活化新工艺

提出了一种丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）塑料化学镀铜激光无钯活化新工艺。对塑料基体进行预处理,然后放入以硫酸铜与次磷酸钠混合配制的活化液中30min,取出干燥,塑料基体表面形成一层活化层;用激光均匀扫描基体表面,活化层中铜离子在激光作用下被次磷酸根离子还原为具有催化活性的铜微粒。研究了活化液配比和激光参数对活化效果的影响,采用正交试验优化了各项参数,通过扫描电镜观察镀层微观形貌,并对激光活化后的基体进行了能谱分析,采用高低温冲击法检测镀层结合性。结果表明,当硫酸铜与次磷酸钠的浓度分别为10g/L和30g/L、激光光斑直径为2mm、扫描速率为2.2mm/s时,镀层完全覆盖基体,基体活化后表面生成一层均匀的铜微粒,镀层表面微观结构紧凑,结合性较好。     

Damage resistance and anticorrosion properties of nanosilica-filled epoxy-resin composite coatings

Silica nanoparticles surface-capped with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A were dispersed in a solution of epoxy resin, hardener and acetone. The resultant suspension was then coated onto the surface of duplex stainless steel of type DSS 2205 and cured with temperature, generating a 50 μm thick silica/epoxy coating. Epoxy coating without nanosilica was also prepared as a reference in the same manner. Mechanical properties of these coatings were compared and characterized using the Vickers hardness test. Three-point bending test was performed in combination with acoustic emission to analyze the damage initiation and development in the coating. The effects of incorporating the silica particles on the surface characteristics and the corrosion resistance of the epoxy-coated steel were investigated with contact-angle and surface energy as well as by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Results indicate, that silica particles significantly improved the microstructure of the coating matrix, which was reflected in an increased damage resistance, reduced degree of delamination, increased surface roughness and induced hydrophobicity. The silica/epoxy coating was proven to serve as a successful barrier in a chloride-ion-rich environment with an enhanced anticorrosive performance, which was confirmed by the reduced corrosion rate.