Performance degradation of analog FM system due to spread spectrum overlay

The investigation of spectrum overlay of a spread spectrum system on the existing narrowband FM broadcasting system is presented. The overlaid spread spectrum (SS) system is assumed to utilize direct sequence (DS) spreading, using maximal length pseudorandom sequences. We studied the performance degradation of the analog FM system due to the interference produced by the SS signal, through laboratory subjective and objective measurements, for various types of spreading scenarios and for different carrier frequency differences (/spl Delta/f). The RF protection ratios for the FM receivers are derived, along with SINAD measurements. Finally, these experimental results have been compared with the theoretical study of the FM receiver's audio frequency SNR output due to SS interference.     

A CDMA overlay system using frequency-diversity spread spectrum

The frequency bands currently used by existing narrow-band users might be shared with a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) spread-spectrum (SS) overlay system. Thus, the spectral efficiency is improved, providing more capacity for future personal communications services. Since both narrow- and wide-band signals interfere with each other, an SS modulation scheme with a good resistance to narrow-hand interference results in an increased number of acceptable overlay users. We study a frequency-diversity SS modulation scheme for which optimal detection in the presence of narrow-band interference is easy to implement. The acceptable number of overlay users is evaluated and compared to that of conventional direct-sequence SS (DS-SS) modulation schemes with and without interference rejection filters. The proposed system also presents the following advantage: by suppressing transmission of replicas where narrow-band signals (NBSs) are present, the mutual interference can be avoided completely     

DS spread spectrum signal acquisition using adaptive threshold techniques

Initial synchronization (i.e. acquisition) of the spreading wave-form is a significant problem in spread spectrum system design. In this paper, adaptive threshold techniques are employed in a serial search acquisition scheme for direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum signals to improve the mean acquisition time of the system. Two approaches for adpative threshold modelling are presented, analysed and compared, namely the sample test approach and the probability-of-error approach. The results show that, using an adaptive threshold, a significant improvement may be achieved in the mean acquisition time for a certain range of interference-to-signal ratios (ISRS). The type of interference assumed is narrowband interference, from which DS spread spectrum systems suffer most, in addition to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高动态条件下伪随机码信号相关函数研究

在扩频接收机中,受发射机和接收机之间的相对运动和时钟频率不稳定等动态因素的影响,接收伪码和本地伪码之间会存在一定的频移。本文推导并验证了频移条件下的伪随机码信号相关函数及其均值公式,在此基础上分析了频移对伪随机码信号相关函数的影响,包括主瓣展宽、峰值移位和损耗等现象。本文的结论为高动态接收机伪码同步技术提供了理论基础。     

GPS spread spectrum signal transmission over fiber optic links

The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) has the capability to compute accurate receiver positions for a variety of space and Earth-based applications. An Earth-based application such as hazardous waste storage site deformation monitoring requires highly accurate, reliable, and routinely available positioning. These positioning needs motivated the development of a fiber optics GPS observational network (FOGON). The FOGON network would operate by placing GPS antennas at known geodetic locations and transmitting the received analog satellite signals along a phase stable fiber optic link to a central processing site. This central site would synchronize the data acquisition of the network and enable single difference operation, which is the strongest possible GPS observable data type. This paper presents the results of a hardware demonstration of the analog transmission of GPS spread spectrum signals over a 4.17-km fiber optic link and through an optical attenuator, with minimal degradation to GPS receiver operation     

扩频通信系统中弱信号检测研究

介绍了一种用于扩频通信系统微弱信号检测的新方法。该方法利用了正弦函数的特殊性质，在信号未知的情况下，通过多次自相关运算成功的检测出埋没于强大噪声中的微弱正弦信号。具有理论推导简单、物理意义明确、计算量小等特点。还给出了具体信号的仿真结果。     

多重直序扩频信号的相关接收

本文说明了利用伪随机(PN)码的相关特性,进行多重直序扩频信号相关接收的基本原理。指出了这项技术在卫星多址通信中的重要意义,并对实验结果进行了分析,得出了一些重要的结论。     

基于信号估计的扩频测控信号快捕方法

为进一步提高扩频测控系统的捕获速度,研究了借助辅助序列估计伪码相位的方法,分析了该估计算法的精度。针对该算法在高动态条件下估计偏差较大引起捕获概率骤降的问题,提出引入最大似然频偏估计修正相干载波的方法,显著提高捕获概率。设计了基于码相位估计和载波频率估计的快速捕获算法,仿真结果表明,该算法在载噪比较好的情况下可以有效完成捕获。为提高算法在较低载噪比时捕获的可靠性,提出将估计值作为部分匹配滤波辅助快速傅里叶变换( PMF-FFT )初值的综合捕获方法,与传统捕获方法相比,平均捕获时间显著降低,且并没有带来硬件复杂度的提高,具有一定的理论意义和工程应用价值。     

一种利用线性调频信号的新型扩频调制技术

根据上扫频和下扫频线性调频(LFM)信号的特性,针对传统的超宽带无线通信系统中线性调频扩频技术存在的调制效率低、误码率性能低、实现复杂高等问题,结合线性调频(Chirp)扩频以及循环移位编码(CCSK)扩频,提出了一种基于线性调频信号的循环移位线性调频扩频技术(CS-CSS).首先,将输入数据映射在循环移位因子(CSF)上;然后,根据CSF数值对基带所产生的Chirp信号进行循环移位达到调制的目的;最后,在解调端经过加窗处理、快速傅里叶变换(FFT)得到与发射端对应的CSF,从而得到发送的数据.误符号率的仿真结果与理论推导公式相吻合,从调制效率和误码率性能上讲,该方案相比线性调频二进制正交键控(Chirp BOK)系统具有超过10 dB的误码率性能.因此,该方案具有更好的误码率性能、更高的调制效率及实现更低的复杂度.     

基于FPGA的扩频警报信号处理器的设计

采用扩频方法进行警报通信的优越性在于用扩展频谱的方法可以提高系统的抗干扰能力。以EPlC12Q240C8N作为核心处理芯器,完成了人防警报信号处理器的硬件电路设计,并进行了详细说明,最后用VHDL语言描述了相关功能。本设计达到了人防警报对抗干扰性能和信号传输低误码率的要求,对以后人防警报系统的升级有着重要意义。     

直接序列扩频智能超声雷达建模与信号处理

为了解决多套相邻智能雷达设备同时使用时的相互干扰问题,提出了直接序列扩频体制雷达的方案,利用相关处理分离同频发射机的回波,提出了由相关函数生成距离-多普勒图像的信号处理方法。建立了直接序列扩频超声雷达手势识别系统的收发信号和收发机的模拟模型,其中提出的滤波器收发器模型仿真了有限带宽效应,发射波回溯的手势回波生成算法支持各种复杂调制方式的仿真。模拟实验表明采用所提信号处理方法的直接序列扩频雷达能够实现不同发射器信号的分离,并分别得到正确的手势距离-多普勒图像,达到15%以内的测量误差和约4.03cm的分辨率。     

扩频信号基于FFT码捕获的计算量分析

扩频通信技术中信号的捕获是扩频体制的关键.从快速捕获的角度出发,对传统捕获方法和基于FFT的快速捕获方法的原理进行了对比,并对不同捕获方法的计算量进行了分析和比较.获得基于FFT的循环相关捕获方法其计算量比传统方法少了3个数量级以上的结果.得到该方法在硬件实现中与传统滑动相关法相比大大节省了资源,减少了耗时的结论.     

Scanning electron microscope image enhancement using spread spectrum through dither signal imposition

Noise is a primary issue in obtaining an image in a scanning microscope. This noise needs to be minimized in order to have a clear image of the sample in case of a nanosize level measurement. In this work, we propose a method to improve the image quality by applying dither signal injection to the scanning signal. This method involves minimizing the noise that occurs in scan control circuits, which results in a blurry or distorted image. The collected secondary electrons are first multiplied through a photomultiplier tube and are then converted into digital form using an analog/digital (A/D) converter. We propose a solution for the noise from the scan control circuit that appears on the image by adopting the spread spectrum method.     

扩频体制低轨卫星通信信号捕获与跟踪系统设计

针对扩频体制下低轨卫星信号的捕获及跟踪等系统设计实现问题,根据卫星信号模型进行了捕获及跟踪算法设计,重点对基于快速傅里叶变换的快速捕获算法、锁频环、锁相环和码跟踪环路进行了设计,并进行了工程系统实现。试验验证表明,该系统可以实现码分多址体制低轨卫星信号捕获、跟踪处理,工作性能参数满足系统需求。     

一种利用压缩感知改进的PMF-FFT扩频捕获算法

为了实现直接序列扩频（DSSS）信号快速捕获的同时降低数据量和硬件资源消耗,引入了压缩感知理论改进部分匹配滤波-快速傅里叶变换（PMF-FFT）算法,提出了基于压缩感知改进的部分匹配滤波-快速傅里叶变换（CSPMF-FFT）算法。该算法将PMF-FFT算法与压缩感知理论相结合,先对信号进行稀疏性分析和压缩观测,然后从少量压缩观测值中重构信号,并利用输出的峰值信息估算信号的多普勒频移和码相位,从而实现捕获。理论分析和仿真实验表明,相较于PMF-FFT捕获算法,CSPMF-FFT算法能在成功完成捕获的同时有效地减少相关器的数目和FFT变换的运算量,从而降低系统数据量和硬件资源压力,为基于压缩感知的扩频信号处理技术研究奠定了基础。     

改进密度峰聚类的walsh码软扩频盲解扩

针对walsh码软扩频信号盲解扩问题,提出一种改进密度峰聚类算法。该算法在已知伪码周期和码片速率的前提下,对接收数据进行分段处理,得到数据矩阵,随后计算数据点的局部密度和距离较高局部密度数据点的最短距离,最后的采用自动确定聚类中心的密度峰聚类算法估计伪码序列规模数和伪码序列。该算法具有在较低信噪比条件下,实现walsh码软扩频信号盲解扩的特点。仿真结果表明,在信噪比较低时,本文算法能够准确估计伪码序列规模数和伪码序列,且时间复杂度较低。      

Transmission performance impairment due to degradation of optical spectrum in 1.55 ?m DFB laser

The dynamic optical spectrum and optical transmission characteristics of a 1.55 ?m conventional distributed feedback (DFB) laser with a side mode were analysed. The laser used in the experiment came to operate in two modes although initially it had operated in single-mode. When this laser was directly modulated by setting the bias current around the threshold, the mode switching between a main mode and a side mode was observed to be similar to mode partitioning in Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers. The mode switching affects considerably the bit error rate performance of 113 km single-mode fibre transmission at 140 Mbit/s.     

Direct sequence spread spectrum scheme for an unmanned aerial vehicle PPM control signal protection

In this letter, a new direct sequence spread spectrum scheme for protection of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) binary pulse-position modulated (PPM)control signal is proposed. The UAV PPM control signal consists of data frames. Each of them contains a synchronizing pulse followed by a number of shorter pulses equal to the number of channels N. At the beginning of any pulse is the pause long 0.3 ms. The proposed scheme uses (N + 1) pseudonoise (PN) codes: one of them (PN₀) is assigned to the synchronizing pulse while the each of the remaining N codes (PN₁, PN₂, ... PN_N) corresponds to the appropriate channel. The same PN code is transmitted during the pause and the pulse which follows the pause. At the receiving side, the set of (N + 1) passive correlators is used to detect respective PN codes. Proposed scheme requires neither PN code tracking process nor data demodulation, so is resistant to timing jitter. Performance measures of the proposed scheme are calculated.     

高动态下长周期扩频信号快速捕获技术的研究

高动态下长周期直扩信号由于大的多普勒频移影响捕获时间极长,提出了一种高动态直扩系统中长周期伪码信号的快速捕获方法,该方法利用复数FFT与窗函数卷积以及相干累加来实现,适合于多速率数据调制以及大频偏下低信噪比直扩信号的接收,捕获时间短,且易于硬件实现。实验结果表明,该方法在多普勒范围为-250~＋250kHz、低信噪比条件下快速实现捕获。