生物柴油特性及作为混合燃料添加剂的研究

论述了生物柴油优越的理化特性,可作为柴油的替代燃料,并讨论了生物柴油作为乙醇（甲醇）与柴油或汽油混合燃料的添加剂情况.通过溶解度测定及三相图实验数据表明生物柴油作为乙醇与柴油添加剂,促溶效果较好;对于生物柴油-汽油-乙醇体系来讲,三者可以任意比例混合,可改善汽油的燃烧性能;对于生物柴油-柴油-甲醇体系,效果不理想.     

生物柴油特性及作为混合燃料添加剂的研究

本文论述了生物柴油优越的理化特性可作为柴油的替代燃料，并讨论了生物柴油作为乙醇(甲醇)与柴油或汽油混合燃料的添加剂情况，通过溶解度测定及三相图实验数据表明：生物柴油作为乙醇与柴油添加剂，促溶效果较好：对于生物柴油-汽油-乙醇体系来讲，三者可以任意比例混合，可改善汽油的燃烧性能：对于生物柴油-柴油-甲醇体系，效果不理想。     

铬酸钾-甲醇/乙醇-水体系溶解度研究

通过对铬酸钾-甲醇／乙醇-水三元体系在25，40，60℃下铬酸钾溶解度的研究和比较，及铬酸钾-甲醇／乙醇在25℃时铬酸钾的溶解度的测定，为采用溶析结晶方法从含有铬酸钾的水溶液体系中分离铬酸钾提供了基础数据，为铬酸盐的清洁分离提供了新的思路。     

大肠杆菌高水平表达脂肪酶BTL2及其催化油脂制备生物柴油

引言随着近年来石化能源的紧缺和日益严重的环境污染问题,作为绿色新型能源之一的生物柴油受到了越来越多的关注。生物柴油是动植物油脂与低碳醇(通常是甲醇或乙醇)发生转酯化反应后生成的脂肪酸低碳醇酯。生物柴油制备工艺按照其催化剂     

超临界制备生物柴油及副产甘油工艺研究

利用植物油和超临界甲醇制备生物柴油及副产甘油,增加了油相在其中的溶解度,提高了原料转化率和产品收率。实验考察了醇油摩尔比、压力、温度、时间等对生物柴油及副产物甘油产率的影响,结果表明:醇油摩尔比、压力、温度、时间等因素对生物柴油及甘油产率影响较为显著。通过正交实验设计得出的超临界甲醇制备生物柴油的工艺条件为醇油摩尔比30∶1,压力20 MPa,温度280℃,保温时间60 m in,生物柴油和甘油产率可分别达到89.14%和88.73%。     

硼酸三甲酯-甲醇-氯化锂体系液液平衡的测定

分别采用Othmer法和液液平衡釜法测定了298.15K下硼酸三甲酯-甲醇-氯化锂三元体系的液液平衡数据。实验发现：氯化锂的摩尔分率对硼酸三甲酯在甲醇中的溶解度影响较大。在平衡的酯相和醇相中,当醇相中氯化锂的质量百分数小于12．99％时,醇相的密度小于酯相;当醇相中氯化锂的质量百分数大于14．24％时,醇相的密度大于酯相;酯相中硼酸三甲酯的质量百分数最高达98.8％,而氯化锂仅为0．01％。液液平衡的测定为氯化锂盐析工艺提供基础研究。     

棉籽油制备生物柴油的多组分体系的溶解度

研究了以棉籽油为原料制备生物柴油过程中,多组分体系之间的溶解度关系。分别测得在20℃、40℃、60℃下,甲醇 甲酯 棉籽油、甲醇 四氢呋喃 棉籽油、甲醇 甘油 棉籽油、甲醇 甲酯 甘油、棉籽油 甲酯 甘油5个三组分体系的相图。结果表明,生成的甲酯和加入的四氢呋喃都可促使甲醇和棉籽油互溶,使反应均相进行。副产物甘油在反应相中的溶解度小,有利于提高转化率。     

改性4A分子筛催化高酸值油脂制备生物柴油

以浓硫酸为改性剂,采用化学键合方法对固体分子筛4A表面进行磺化改性。以此为催化剂催化油酸-菜籽油模拟的高酸值油脂-甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油。结果表明,反应体系在65℃,醇/油摩尔比为16∶1条件下反应6h,生物柴油产率可达到88.39%,比相同条件下未改性的分子筛4A和浓硫酸催化高酸油脂制备的生物柴油产率明显提高。     

微波辐射下固体超强酸TiO2/SO^2-4催化葵花籽油制备生物柴油

研究了微波辐射作用下同体超强酸TiO2/SO^2-4催化葵花籽油与甲醇通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油,考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、微波功率和醇油摩尔比对酯交换反应的影响。实验结果表明,当醇油摩尔比为12：1、催化剂用量（催化剂与油的质量比）为2％、微波功率为300W、反应时间为25min时,生物柴油的收率可以达到94.3％。     

微波辐射下固体超强酸TiO2/SO42-催化葵花籽油制备生物柴油

研究了微波辐射作用下同体超强酸TiO2/SO42-催化葵花籽油与甲醇通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油,考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、微波功率和醇油摩尔比对酯交换反应的影响.实验结果表明,当醇油摩尔比为12:1、催化剂用量(催化剂与油的质量比)为2%、微波功率为300 W、反应时间为25 min时,生物柴油的收率可以达到94.3%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。