共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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运用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对采用醇胺溶液(MEA)吸收CO2的2×300MW燃煤电厂CO2捕集和封存(CCS)技术改造过程进行了系统地分析,分别计算了系统建设、运行及退役,应用MEA吸收CO2、对CO2压缩并管道运输和地质储存等各阶段的CO2排放量.结果表明:全生命周期内采用MEA化学吸收法CCS技术改造后的燃煤电厂CO2的直接减排率可达86.24%左右,CCS系统全生命周期CO2排放量为960.93 t/d;电厂发电运行过程与CCS系统运行的CO2排放量在全生命周期排放中占较大比重,分别为46.96%和47.62%左右;采用MEA技术捕集CO2并进行封存的成本约为23.80~44.90美元/t. 相似文献
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中国未来二氧化碳减排技术应向CCU方向发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章介绍了我国CCS及CCUS的基本情况,并对其发展过程中存在的主要困难与问题进行了分析,鉴于CO2地质封存可能成为CCS或CCUS技术发展的主要障碍,作者提出了在我国实现大规模CO2矿化利用的CCU(CO2 capture and utilization)发展新理念,选取了可参考的三条CCU技术发展路线,即利用氯化镁矿化CO2联产盐酸和碳酸镁技术路线、固废磷石膏矿化CO2联产硫基复合肥技术路线和利用钾长石矿化利用CO2的技术路线。文章最后就如何在我国发展和部署CCU技术路线方案提出了若干建议。 相似文献
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本文对CO2捕集和封存技术的现状、前景和可能遇到的挑战进行了论述,指出CO2捕集是煤炭现代化利用的一个重要趋势。同时指出,成本、捕集效率和方式都是影响CO2捕集和封存发展的重要因素,目前一些问题仍需要得到进一步证实。 相似文献
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燃煤电厂二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
结合华能集团在CO2捕集方面所开展的工作,介绍了国内外在燃煤电厂CO2捕集、利用与封存方面的技术进展。建设附CO2捕集和封存(CCS)的低碳排放燃煤电厂,是今后燃煤发电所必须面对的课题,同时对CO2的资源化利用也应引起足够的重视。 相似文献
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A zero-emission process of hydrogen production from fossil fuel through a system of reactions involving hydroxide, carbon, CO, CO2 and water is described here. It provides for a complete sequestration of carbon (CO2 and CO) from coal/natural-gas burning plants. The CO and or CO2 produced in coal or natural gas burning power plants and the heat may be used for producing hydrogen. Economically hydrogen production cost is less than the current price of fossil-fuel produced hydrogen with the added benefit of carbon sequestration. The reduced cost of the hydrogen may aid in making a hydrogen fueled automobile economically viable. 相似文献
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《Energy》2002,27(7):647-674
The technical and economical feasibility of CO2 sequestration in deep coal layers combined with enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) production in the Netherlands has been explored. Annually, 3.4 Mtonne CO2 from chemical installations can be delivered to sequestration locations at 15 €/tonne and another 55 Mtonne from power generating facilities at 40–80 €/tonne. Four potential ECBM areas have been assessed, of which Zuid Limburg is the best location for a test site, while the Achterhoek is more suitable for future large-scale CO2 sequestration. Between 54 Mtonne and 9 Gtonne CO2 can be sequestered in the four areas together, heavily depending on available technology for accessing the coal seams. At the same time, between 0.3 and 60 EJ of coalbed methane can be produced. The optimal configuration may have 1000 m spacing between production wells, and extreme inseam drilling. The price of coalbed methane may become competitive with natural gas when a bonus for CO2 sequestration is applied of about 25 €/tonne. For the long term, on-site hydrogen or power (SOFC) production with direct injection of produced CO2 seems most attractive. Further study is required, most notably more accurate geological surveys, assessment of drilling costs in Dutch context, and environmental impacts of ECBM. 相似文献
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CO2在盐水层中的扩散和运移泄漏风险评价模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
温室效应和空气污染是21世纪人类面临的严重问题,而CO2埋存是解决温室效应的最有效方法。在CO2地下地质埋存中,盐水层埋存因其地质储量巨大受到了极大关注,同时也存在很多潜在的风险,因此建立CO2注入到盐水层后的扩散运移泄露风险评价模型将为人类安全埋存CO2提供理论支持。首先,考虑到CO2在联通水层中因浓度差泄漏,以菲克定律为理论基础,结合惠尔凯公式,建立了CO2扩散泄漏风险评价模型;其次,考虑到CO2在联通水层中因压力差泄漏,以达西定律为基础,利用气体平面径向稳定渗流公式和垂直管流相关公式等建立了CO2运移泄露风险评价模型;最后,考虑到CO2从盖层逃逸,以毛细管压力为基础建立了CO2通过盖层泄漏风险评价模型。结果表明,扩散系数越大,泄漏时间越短;扩散和运移泄漏时间相差很大,计算运移泄漏时可忽略扩散作用的影响;当埋存的CO2剩余压力小于盖层的突破毛细管压力时,气体以扩散方式泄漏,否则在压力差的作用下以渗流运移方式泄漏。 相似文献
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碳捕集与封存技术的现状与未来 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
全球气候变暖问题已经越来越严重,碳捕集与封存(CCS)技术被看作是最具发展前景的解决方案之一,随着研究的不断深入,CCS技术成本将进一步降低。碳捕集工艺按操作时间可分为燃烧前捕集、富氧燃烧捕集和燃烧后捕集,其中最有发展前景的是富氧燃烧捕集。CO2-EOR技术虽然不是直接针对性地封存二氧化碳,但其不仅可以解决二氧化碳的封存问题,还能提高油田采收率,近年来得到广泛应用。我国在CCS技术的研究上进行了大量工作,CCS技术已被列入"973计划"和"863计划",北京高碑店热电厂二氧化碳捕集示范工程受到国内外的关注。虽然CCS技术取得了长足的进步,但仍面临着很多问题,如二氧化碳泄漏问题、技术难点、建设和运行成本高昂等。CCS技术项目投资较大,如果没有政府在立法和税收机制上的激励与优惠措施,很难真正进入商业化应用阶段。好在种种迹象表明,随着全球气候问题的加剧,各国政府越来越重视CCS技术的研发和利用。 相似文献
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A. Shafeen E. Croiset P. L. Douglas I. Chatzis 《Energy Conversion and Management》2004,45(20):3207-3217
As the Kyoto target set for Canada is to reduce GHG emission by 6% of the 1990 level by 2008–2012, several options are being considered to achieve this target. One of the possible options in Ontario is geological sequestration of captured CO2 in saline aquifers, where CO2 is expected to be stored for long geological periods, from 100 to several thousand years depending on the size, property and location of the reservoir. The preferred concept is to inject CO2 into a porous and permeable reservoir covered with a cap rock located at least 800 m beneath the earth's surface where CO2 can be stored under supercritical conditions. This paper evaluates the capital and operating cost for CO2 sequestration in southwestern Ontario from a 500 MW coal fired power plant. The main focus is on the cost of sequestration (CO2 transport and injection), and thus, the cost of capturing and pressurizing the CO2 from the plant flue gas is not considered here.
A significant amount of capital investment is necessary to transfer CO2 from a 500 MW fossil fuel power plant to the injection location and to store it underground. Major components of the cost include: cost of pipeline, cost of drilling injection wells and installing platforms, since the more plausible injection area is under Lake Erie. Many uncertainties are associated with cost estimation; several are identified and their impacts are considered in this paper. The estimated cost of sequestration of 14,000 ton/day of CO2 at approximately 110 bar in southwestern Ontario is between 7.5 and 14 US$/ton of CO2 stored. 相似文献
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温室气体减排已成为炼厂面临的严峻挑战。CO2捕获是具有大规模减排潜力的技术方案,炼厂可在继续使用廉价化石燃料的同时降低排放。目前许多炼厂已在评估从烟道气中捕获CO2的技术,探索经济可行的捕获方案,这些方案主要包括燃烧后捕获、燃烧前捕获和富氧燃烧捕获等。其中,燃烧后捕获技术相对成熟,可对大多数现有装置进行改造,仅需增加简单的后处理设备,缺点是能耗大,CO2浓度较低,难捕获,从胺溶液中释放的CO2达不到碳封存所需的压力;燃烧前捕获方案的优点是CO2浓度较高,压力高,易于回收,降低了压缩成本及负荷,缺点是这种方法主要适用于新装置,因为炼厂现有的气化装置较少,建设投资成本高且需要大量的辅助系统;富氧燃烧捕获方案的优点是烟道气中的CO2浓度非常高,分离容易;缺点是空气分离设备投资很高,冷却的循环烟道气必须保持一定温度。对3种方案评价表明,在CO2总量和浓度最高的排放源进行捕获成本最低,例如当气体中CO2浓度从12%下降到4%时,捕获成本将上升25%以上;燃烧前捕获和富氧燃烧捕获比燃烧后捕获可节约35%~40%的成本。 相似文献
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G.A.S. Nayoan 《Energy》1981,6(11):1225-1246
Offshore producing Tertiary sedimentary basins in Indonesia account for 34% of total daily production and some 12% of cumulative production of oil. The producing basins offshore are basically the geological continuation of onshore producing basins. Exploration plays are in variations of traditional sandstone reservoirs, with occasional prospects in limestone, structural traps and potential stratigraphic traps. Offshore exploration has taken place mainly in the shallower part of the shelf regions although regional reconnaissance seismic reflection information on deeper waters also exists. The offshore potential is governed by the following criteria: regional tectonic setting; water depth, which is important for subsequent development; and development of clastic reservoir rock with limestone plays whose potential is of increasing significance. The knowledge of development of volcanic reservoirs in this rocktype seems important. Knowledge of geological criteria forms an essential prerequisite. In regional perspective, the South China Sea area does not conform to the typical Indonesian offshore basin setting, although geologically the Natuna basins form an undivided part of the Indonesian geological system. 相似文献
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二氧化碳捕获与封存技术进展及存在的问题分析 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
论述了国内外二氧化碳捕获与封存(CCS)技术的进展,分析了CCS技术发展存在的问题和潜在风险。CCS技术是最具发展潜力的大规模二氧化碳减排技术,世界上许多国家和公司都开展了相关的研究探索与实践工作。预计随着该技术的逐渐成熟,在进一步降低成本、解决可能出现的泄露、公众认知不够等风险与障碍后,应用前景将极为广阔。今后,CCS技术的发展应更重视国际间合作,该技术的应用,可以减缓全球气侯变暖趋势。 相似文献