Bioinspired 2D Nanomaterials for Sustainable Applications

The increasing demand for constructing ecological civilization and promoting socially sustainable development has encouraged scientists to develop bioinspired materials with required properties and functions. By bringing science and nature together, plenty of novel materials with extraordinary properties can be created by learning the best from natural species. In combination with the exceptional features of 2D nanomaterials, bioinspired 2D nanomaterials and technologies have delivered significant achievements. Here, the progress over the past decade in bioinspired 2D photonic structures, energy nanomaterials, and superwetting materials, is summarized, together with the challenges and opportunities in developing bioinspired materials for sustainable energy and environmental technologies.     

纳米材料形貌和性能调控的仿生自组装研究进展

纳米材料在纳米尺度展现出的特殊性质, 相较于宏观尺度材料表现出众多优异特性, 在力学、声学、光学、磁学、电学、热学等各种领域具有良好的应用前景。纳米材料的仿生自组装技术模拟活体生命活动, 使纳米材料基于非共价键的相互作用, 自发形成稳定结构, 现已成为制备纳米材料的主要方法之一。仿生自组装技术是“自上而下”方法中的重要技术手段, 这种合成方式有望代替传统的“自上而下”加工技术, 实现单个原子或分子在纳米尺度上构造特定结构和功能的器件。另外, 仿生自组装技术虽然以化学过程为主, 但又有物理过程, 并且结合了“仿生学”的优点, 具有定向构造纳米材料的特点, 是众多交叉学科的热门研究手段。本文重点介绍了纳米材料在形貌和性能调控中不同的仿生自组装合成策略, 包括屏蔽效应的位相选择自组装、双相界面协同效应的仿生自组装、场诱导定位效应的功能器件一体化制备、光诱导自组装以及羟基氢键驱动的分相自组装, 总结了仿生自组装纳米材料的特性, 归纳了自组装技术在传感器、表面拉曼散射、生物医疗等领域的应用, 并对纳米材料仿生自组装技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

纳米材料模板合成技术研究

如何得到纳米材料是目前纳米科学的研究热点，综述了纳米材料的多种模板合成研究方法，分析了各种制备方法的特点并对各种模板合成方法进行了分类比较，举例说明了各种模板在纳米合成方面的应用，并对未来发展进行了展望。     

仿生制备多孔ZrC/C复合陶瓷材料

以碳化后的梧桐木块作为碳模板,采用金属锆作为锆源,在KCl和KF的混合熔盐体系中制备了多孔ZrC/C复合陶瓷材料。研究了不同碳化温度对碳模板的显微形貌、显气孔率和体积密度的影响。并采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了梧桐木的碳化过程以及复合材料的物相组成和显微形貌。结果表明:梧桐木的碳化分为有机物的热分解和石墨化两个过程;碳化后的梧桐木保留了多孔的特征结构,随着碳化温度的升高,碳模板显气孔率变大,体积密度减小;反应时间的延长有利于增强ZrC层与碳模板基体表面的结合力;KF的加入量需要严格控制,过量的KF会破坏复合材料的结构。     

气相燃烧法制备纳米材料的研究进展

纳米材料的气相燃烧合成一般是指利用气体燃料燃烧提供高温,通过物理或者化学过程从气溶胶中获得纳米材料的过程。气相燃烧法可以制备不同结构的纳米材料,具有过程连续、易于规模化、无后处理、低成本等优点,是纳米材料制备最具工业化潜力的方法之一。气相燃烧制备纳米材料涉及快速高温反应和产物单体成核、生长、凝并、团聚等过程,这些过程互相关联、交互影响;纳米材料制备过程中材料结构调控及材料生长机理成为近年来国内外的研究重点。主要介绍了气相燃烧反应器结构、材料制备、结构调控、应用性能和工业生产等方面的研究进展,并对其前景进行了展望。     

25th Anniversary Article: Hybrid Nanostructures Based on Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials

Two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), receive a lot of attention, because of their intriguing properties and wide applications in catalysis, energy‐storage devices, electronics, optoelectronics, and so on. To further enhance the performance of their application, these 2D nanomaterials are hybridized with other functional nanostructures. In this review, the latest studies of 2D nanomaterial‐based hybrid nanostructures are discussed, focusing on their preparation methods, properties, and applications.     

微乳化技术在无机纳米材料制备中的应用及发展

本文介绍了微乳液的概念,微乳反应器的原理以及微乳液各组分对于化学反应的影响因素,阐述了微乳化技术在纳米材料制备领域中的应用状况.探讨了目前该领域的研究进展,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望.     

准一维纳米材料制备方法的研究现状和发展趋势

本文介绍了准一维纳米结构所包含的一些基本概念以及在纳米科技中的重要地位.系统综述了近年来准一维纳米结构在制备方法方面的研究进展,并展望了其未来研究的发展方向.这对于目前准一维纳米结构的研究选题、方法借鉴都有重要的参考价值和指导意义.     

Bioinspired Infrared Sensing Materials and Systems

Bioinspired engineering offers a promising alternative approach in accelerating the development of many man‐made systems. Next‐generation infrared (IR) sensing systems can also benefit from such nature‐inspired approach. The inherent compact and uncooled operation of biological IR sensing systems provides ample inspiration for the engineering of portable and high‐performance artificial IR sensing systems. This review overviews the current understanding of the biological IR sensing systems, most of which are thermal‐based IR sensors that rely on either bolometer‐like or photomechanic sensing mechanism. The existing efforts inspired by the biological IR sensing systems and possible future bioinspired approaches in the development of new IR sensing systems are also discussed in the review. Besides these biological IR sensing systems, other biological systems that do not have IR sensing capabilities but can help advance the development of engineered IR sensing systems are also discussed, and the related engineering efforts are overviewed as well. Further efforts in understanding the biological IR sensing systems, the learning from the integration of multifunction in biological systems, and the reduction of barriers to maximize the multidiscipline collaborations are needed to move this research field forward.     

配位诱导组装纳米结构材料

文章主要从配位诱导组装无机纳米粒子、配位诱导组装聚合物纳米粒子和配位诱导组装金属有机凝胶三个方面阐述纳米配位聚合物在离子交换、气体吸附和传感器等方面的应用,并对配位诱导组装纳米结构材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

生物模板制备纳米材料的研究进展

生物模板法是一种融合了生命科学和材料科学而发展起来的制备纳米材料和纳米结构的新方法.自然进化形成的组织结构互不相同的各种生物体为模板的选择提供了丰富而廉价的素材,并且对研究结构与性能的关系有着重要意义.综述了近年来生物模板在纳米材料制备中的应用进展,并对此领域未来的发展进行了展望.     

Bioinspired Synthesis of Monolithic and Layered Aerogels

Aerogels are the least dense and most porous materials known to man, with potential applications from lightweight superinsulators to smart energy materials. To date their use has been seriously hampered by their synthesis methods, which are laborious and expensive. Taking inspiration from the life cycle of the damselfly, a novel ambient pressure‐drying approach is demonstrated in which instead of employing low‐surface‐tension organic solvents to prevent pore collapse during drying, sodium bicarbonate solution is used to generate pore‐supporting carbon dioxide in situ, significantly reducing energy, time, and cost in aerogel production. The generic applicability of this readily scalable new approach is demonstrated through the production of granules, monoliths, and layered solids with a number of precursor materials.     

骨与牙釉质组织的生物矿化及磷酸钙材料仿生合成研究进展

骨和牙釉是典型的有机基质介导生成的生物矿化材料,其中的矿物相都属于以磷灰石为主的钙磷酸盐系统,但有机基质的不同使得晶体尺寸、形貌及排列方式迥异.本文综述了有关骨和牙釉组织的生物矿化研究,重点探讨对这些天然生物矿化组织的分级结构、基质蛋白的自组装及调控矿化机理的认识.在此基础上,磷酸钙材料的仿生合成以期应用于硬组织的缺损修复或再生医学也是目前的重要研究内容.     

气-液界面非担载SiO2无机膜的仿生制备

利用有机大分子CTAB的自组装体为模板来调制正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）的水解缩聚，于气－液界面上制备出非担载SiO2无机膜，对了膜时间进行了选择，考察了仿生制备SiO2膜过程中物料配比对成膜质量的影响，对其进行了优化，由CTAB极性头基排列而成的六边形区域聚集于溶液表面，TEOS在其内部的水解缩聚及随后的层层复制过程形成了仿生合成膜的空间网络结构。     

氧化铁和羟基氧化铁纳米结构的水热法制备及其表征

利用乙二醇辅助水热法制备氧化铁的纳米结构，系统研究了Fe^3＋和OH^-的比例、乙二醇的含量、溶液浓度以及后续热处理对氧化铁纳米结构的影响，同时研究了不用形貌的氧化铁纳米结构对其磁性的影响．研究表明：当Fe^3＋和OH^-的摩尔比〉1：4时，无论有无乙二醇的加入，所得样品都为六方相的α-Fe2O3纳米颗粒；当Fe^3＋和OH^-的摩尔比〈1：4，有乙二醇辅助时，所得样品为正交相飞机状的FeOOH纳米结构；当Fe^3＋和OH^-的摩尔比〈1：4，无乙二醇辅助时，所得样品为正交相的FeOOH纳米棒．经过600℃，1h热处理后，飞机状的FeOOH和FeOOH的纳米棒都可以转化为多孔的飞机状α-Fe2O3和α-Fe2O3的纳米棒、溶液浓度的提高只会增加样品的尺寸而对其形貌没有太大的影响．形貌和尺寸不同对材料的磁性能有很大的影响．     

Geometrically Structured Nanomaterials for Nanosensors,NEMS, and Nanosieves

Recently, geometrically structured nanomaterials have received great attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which originate from the geometric variation in such materials. Indeed, the use of various geometrically structured nanomaterials has been actively reported in enhanced-performance devices in a wide range of applications. Recent significant progress in the development of geometrically structured nanomaterials and associated devices is summarized. First, a brief introduction of advanced nanofabrication methods that enable the fabrication of various geometrically structured nanomaterials is given, and then the performance enhancements achieved in devices utilizing these nanomaterials, namely, i) physical and gas nanosensors, ii) nanoelectromechanical devices, and iii) nanosieves are described. For the device applications, a systematic summary of their structures, working mechanisms, fabrication methods, and output performance is provided. Particular focus is given to how device performance can be enhanced through the geometric structures of the nanomaterials. Finally, perspectives on the development of novel nanomaterial structures and associated devices are presented.