化肥四机组联锁系统改造

分析了化肥四大机组联锁改造的必要性和改造方案的选择，介绍了系统的软硬件配置，改造的具体情况以及系统投用后的良好效果。     

我公司氨合成系统改造评价

介绍了迁安化肥股份有限公司氨合成系统以双塔并联为特色的工艺技术改造。改造后生产能力有了较大的提高，消耗大幅度下降，取得了较好的经济效益。提出了系统进一步改造的方案及预期效果。     

CBZ-5000变电站自动化系统在我公司总变电所改造中的应用

介绍了许继日立公司CBZ-5000变电站自动化系统的结构、功能及软硬件配置，对总变电所改造后的综合效益进行了评价，认为该变电站自动化系统是工厂变电站改造比较理想的方式，也指出了该系统存在的一些问题。     

DCS在宝钢苯加氢系统改造中的应用

用FOXBORO公司的I／A’S分散控制系统(DCS)对宝钢苯加氢控制系统的改造为例，分析了改造方案的整体设计、功能和控制效果，总结了用DCS改造苯加氢控制系统的经验。     

淮南水泥厂回转窑系统的优化改造

０引言天石集团淮南水泥厂HFC－５SP窑系统由五级预热器改造而成，最早为一立筒预热器窑，由于中途停产一段时间，使得原改造工程没有顺利完成。自２００１年投产以来边生产边进行技术改造，取得明显的效果，为工厂获得了一定的经济效益。本文就该厂改造情况做一介绍。１改造内容１．１窑尾喂料系统的改造本项改造为从生料储存库库底至生料入预热器的全过程，另加窑灰均匀喂入的系统。该厂生料喂料楼距生料储存库较远，而且原设计也不合理，从投资、工期等方面考虑在工艺过程基本理顺的前提下，采取了必要的电气控制措施加以弥补、完善，…     

封头加热炉加热系统改造

介绍了应用整体式燃烧器，对加热炉燃油系统进行改造，并且为类似的工业及民用中小型炉窑的改造提供了有益经验。     

丁苯橡胶产品包装系统改造

通过丁苯橡胶装置产品包装系统的改造，提高了包装技术水平和包装能力，保证了包装质量，简述了改造内容及取得效果，并提出了一些建议。     

合成氨装置脱碳系统的技改总结

原脱碳系统吸收塔出口CO2体积分数超标，影响了全系统生产，为此，对脱碳系统进行了改造。改造后，吸收塔出口CO2体积分数基本在设计值附近，保证了生产的正常运行。     

蒸发系统改造总结

改造三效四体部分强制循环双Ⅰ效工艺，指出了影响蒸发能力和汽耗的各种因素。并对诸影响因素进行了分析，提出了解决办法，对改造前后的情况进行了总结和比较。     

废热锅炉液面自动调节系统改造与实际应用

本文主要介绍废热锅妒液面调节系统测量及调节原理，并根据理论分析计算及实际应用对原系统测量装曼进行改造，提高了调节系统的调节品质，并阐述改造后调节系统的投运及实际运用。     

以创新谋发展 以协作促转型

复合肥行业的转型升级已被列为化肥行业"十三五"规划重要内容。介绍我国复合肥行业转型发展期的特征,并提出在此形势下复合肥行业的发展思路;以创新谋发展,促进行业技术水平提高;以协作促转型,助推行业转型发展。     

CL-20晶型转变行为及转晶机理研究进展

从六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20,HNIW)的晶型特征、转晶方式、转晶影响因素、转晶机理等4个方面总结了其晶型转变的国内外研究进展。指出影响CL-20转晶的因素主要有溶剂、温度等;转晶的方向主要由各种晶型之间的吉布斯自由能决定;转晶机理主要通过Ostwald规则和溶液介导相变(SMPT)两个方面进行解释。指出今后转晶研究发展的重点是转晶的热动力学和抑制技术。附参考文献45篇。     

TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF BOUNDED ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Abstract. We propose the logistic transformation as an appropriate instantaneous transformation for time series variables known to be bounded, such as those measured as proportions, and present an application to two unemployment rate series. Since such series are often analysed in logarithmic form, the two transformations are compared, and a likelihood ratio selection criterion is developed, which marginally favours the logistic transformation. We consider the question of transformation bias and its removal. The logistic transformation of bounded variables ensures consistency with the limiting behaviour and is symmetric, thus on transforming and modelling the unemployment rate or its complement, the employment rate, equivalent results are obtained.     

Crack Resistance and Fatigue of Transforming Ceramics: II, CeO2-Stabilized Tetragonal ZrO2

Crack resistance characteristics and fatigue properties have been investigated in Ce-TZP ceramics with different grain sizes. The relatively low critical transformation stress allows the development of larger transformation zones (≦200 μm), leading to flaw-tolerant behavior. However, autocatalytic transformation processes are found to be bound to grain sizes beyond a critical value; transformation is then very limited in finer microstructures. Fatigue as a specific cyclic effect is more pronounced in microstructures with larger grains. Thus, damaging processes in the course of extensive t–m transformation are suspected to be intensified during cyclic loading.     

Effective Transformation Strain in Binary Elastic Composites

This communication concerns the strain in a binary elastic composite when one component undergoes a transformation such as a martensitic phase change. The results are significant when the transforming phase has elastic properties which are different from those of the matrix material. The estimates are pertinent to transformation toughening of ceramic composites. Experimental data for transformation toughening are reviewed in the context of the theoretical results.     

Effects of Free Silicon on the α to βPhase Transformation in Silicon Nitride

Free silicon in silicon nitride compacts can act as suitable liquid solvent for Si₃N₄ and assists in the α to β phase transformation. The rate of transformation depends on the size of the added silicon particles. When submicrometer silicon particles are added, the rate of transformation is more rapid than when large particles are added; the complete transformation can be achieved at 1700°C in 1 h.     

氨合成塔暖塔升温工艺管线改造及其效果

叙述了辽河化肥厂合成氨装置暖塔升温工艺管线改造的原因 ,分析了实施改造的可行性 ,介绍了改造的施工技术方案及其投用后收到了很大的经济效益和社会效益     

氯乙烯合成转化器泄漏的判断、处理、原因分析及预防措施

对氯乙烯合成转化器泄漏的判断、处理提出了相关方案,对转化器泄漏原因进行了分析并提出了预防泄漏的措施。     

Role of grain constraint on the martensitic transformation in ceria-doped zirconia

Zirconia polycrystals have historically suffered from catastrophic cracking during the tetragonal-monoclinic martensitic transformation. Recently, transformation-induced cracking has been avoided by doping to achieve crystallographic compatibility between the transforming phases. However, these materials showed depressed transformation temperatures and incomplete transformation, the causes for which are yet unknown. In this work, we probe these phenomena by performing a comparative study of sintered pellets and powders. We characterize the thermally induced transformation in a series of ZrO₂-CeO₂ compositions by in situ diffraction and calorimetry and develop a thermodynamic model of the system. In compositions exhibiting reduced cracking, we find that transformation temperatures are depressed in pellets but not in powders. Correspondingly, we measure significant compressive strains in pellets consistent with thermodynamically expected transformation temperature depression, demonstrating the influence of grain constraint and the resultant pressure build-up. However, we find that both pellets and powders exhibit incomplete transformation. In pellets, this is attributed to early exhaustion of autocatalysis caused by grain constraint, whereas in powders, this is attributed to insufficient driving force for distributed heterogeneous nucleation.     

Static and cyclic crack propagation in Ce-TZP ceramics with different amounts of transformation toughening

Ceria partially stabilized zirconia ceramics (Ce-TZP) with identical grain size and different amounts of transformation toughening were processed to investigate the influence of phase transformation on static and cyclic fatigue crack growth.Static crack growth is governed by environmentally stress induced corrosion at the crack tip and it is highly influenced by the crack shielding due to the phase transformation. Three fatigue mechanisms are expected to be operative at different proportions depending on the amount of transformation: wedge effect due to debris, degradation of bridging and modification of the shielding effect of the transformation zone. However, it is difficult to separate the contribution of the different mechanisms as grain bridging is induced by crack arrest due to phase transformation.