Recent Advances in Organotin Polymers

The science and technology of organotin polymers are based on the properties of organotin compounds which have surprisingly diverse applications, including use as stabilizers for vinyl chloride and other olefm polymers, as industrial catalysts, as industrial and agricultural biocides, and as antifouling and wood-preserving agents. In keeping with the expanding use of organotin compounds, the worldwide production of organotin compounds has risen dramatically from less than 50 tons/yr in 1950 to over 25,000 tonslyr in 1975 [1]. The chemis-try of organotin compounds, including the preparative methods, properties, chemical reactions, and uses, has been reviewed in several recent monographs and symposia proceedings [1–5]     

近年来天然有机化学的进展

天然有机化学的出现和研究进展是人类社会进步的具体表现,天然有机化学的研究进展能明显反应部分工业、医学、农业的历史发展。在发展天然有机化学的过程中,需要运用到现代物理学、化学、生物学,结合现代工程技术进行研究,同时带动我国多方面科技事业的发展。本文就我国近年来天然有机化学的进展作出分析思考。     

Recent Advances in Conjugated Transition Metal-containing Polymers and Materials

Metal-containing conjugated oligomers and polymers are reviewed, focusing on the work carried out by the author and coworkers since 1995. The synthesis of model systems, electropolymerizable monomers and polymer films are discussed, along with the electronic and spectroscopic properties of these systems. The application of phosphino-oligothiophene ligands as an entry to conjugated metallopolymers is described.     

Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol

The article underlines and discusses the state-of-the-art accomplishments in the catalytic conversion of glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) to fuels and value-added chemicals in the past five years (2008–2012). The reactions include steam reforming, aqueous-phase reforming, hydrogenolysis, oxidation, dehydration, esterification, etherification, carboxylation, acetalization, and chlorination. Typical products are hydrogen, propanediols, dihydroxyacetone, glyceric acid, acrolein, glyceride, polyglycerol, glycerol carbonate, acetals, ketals, and epichlorohydrine. Recent studies on the catalysts, reaction conditions, and possible pathways are primarily discussed. They indicate that major breakthroughs are achieved by the use of multifunctional catalysts, process intensification and integrated reactions. Literature survey suggests that future work on the catalytic conversion of glycerol for commercial goals particularly requires new catalysts, innovative reactor engineering, and close multidisciplinary partnership.     

Recent Advances in Luminescent Transition Metal Polyyne Polymers

This review briefly summarizes research work carried out by the author in the past decade on rigid-rod transition metal polyyne polymers and their molecular precursors. The research involves the synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysical characterization, ligand functionalization, and possible optoelectronic applications of transition metal polyyne polymers. Herein, oligomeric and polymeric metal alkynyl systems of the late transition metals are discussed, and particular attention is focused on the electronic absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence behavior, thermal stability and structural aspects of these polymetallaynes. A detailed account of the evolution of the first excited singlet and triplet state on the electronic structure of the organic spacer groups of these metal polyyne polymers is also given and the interplaying factors that govern the spatial extent of the lowest-lying singlet and triplet energy levels for the chemical tailoring of the singlet–triplet gap are elucidated. The possible developments of this research are also envisaged.     

Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Polymers: A Mini-Review

Human safety and well-being is threatened by microbes causing numerous infectious diseases resulting in a large number of deaths every year. Despite substantial progress in antimicrobial drugs, many infectious diseases remain difficult to treat. Antimicrobial polymers offer a promising antimicrobial strategy for fighting pathogens and have received considerable attention in both academic and industrial research. This mini-review presents the advances made in antimicrobial polymers since 2013. Antimicrobial mechanisms exhibiting either passive or active action and polymer material types containing bound or leaching antimicrobials are introduced. This article also addresses the applications of these antimicrobial polymers in the medical, food, and textile industries.     

Catalytic Conversion of Furans and Pyrroles to Natural Products and Analogues Utilizing Donor-Acceptor Substituted Cyclopropanes as Key Intermediates

This review is an account of our work on developing stereoselective cyclopropanations of furans and pyrroles as a facile entry into donor-acceptor substituted cyclopropanes. The application of these building blocks for the synthesis of paraconic acids, sesquiterpene lactones, pyrrolidinones, and conformationally restricted β-amino acids is discussed.     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Pillared Clays

New methods have been developed in recent years that are now being successfully applied in the preparation of pillared interlayered clays (PILCs). Variations in the procedures concern different parameters involved in the synthesis, such as the starting clay, the intercalating solution, the intercalation process, and the drying and calcination steps of the pillared solids, among others. In the present article, the latest results obtained when introducing modifications in the chemical aspects of PILC synthesis are reviewed. These include (1) pillaring with mixed solutions containing two or more cations, (2) using coordination or organometallic compounds, (3) using polymers and surfactants, (4) pillaring of acid-activated clays, and (5) enhancement of PILC acidity. A separate section is devoted to the specific features of preparing these solids in amounts large enough to make their manufacture on an industrial scale economically feasible. Recent developments in the catalytic applications of PILCs are also reviewed, with emphasis on the progressively more extended use of these materials as catalytic supports.     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Pillared Clays

New methods have been developed in recent years that are now being successfully applied in the preparation of pillared interlayered clays (PILCs). Variations in the procedures concern different parameters involved in the synthesis, such as the starting clay, the intercalating solution, the intercalation process, and the drying and calcination steps of the pillared solids, among others. In the present article, the latest results obtained when introducing modifications in the chemical aspects of PILC synthesis are reviewed. These include (1) pillaring with mixed solutions containing two or more cations, (2) using coordination or organometallic compounds, (3) using polymers and surfactants, (4) pillaring of acid-activated clays, and (5) enhancement of PILC acidity. A separate section is devoted to the specific features of preparing these solids in amounts large enough to make their manufacture on an industrial scale economically feasible. Recent developments in the catalytic applications of PILCs are also reviewed, with emphasis on the progressively more extended use of these materials as catalytic supports.     

Recent Advances in Amphiphilic Polymers as the Stabilizers of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit high catalytic activity as catalysts and have potential applications in biomedicine. To prevent the aggregation of colloidal AuNPs, the stabilizers including organic small molecules, organic ligands, inorganic ligands, and polymers, are necessary to be added in the synthesis of colloidal AuNPs. Among these stabilizers, amphiphilic polymers have attracted significant attention from scientists in the development of polymerization and modification methods. To date, numerous efforts are employed to develop amphiphilic polymers as the stabilizers of colloidal AuNPs but are not well‐summarized yet. In this review, four parts (amphiphilic linear polymers, amphiphilic graft polymers, amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers, and amphiphilic dendrimers) according to the polymer architectures will be discussed. Comprehensive understanding of amphiphilic polymers that are used for stabilizing colloidal AuNPs is provided.     

手性碳-硒键的催化不对称构建研究进展

手性硒醚在天然产物的合成、不对称催化、制药等领域具有广泛的应用。近年来,手性硒醚化合物的合成吸引了广泛的研究兴趣。手性碳-硒键的催化不对称构建主要通过活泼氢的硒化反应、双键的硒官能化反应、前手性硒试剂的不对称加成以及原位产生硒离子的亲核加成反应进行。本文综述了近年来报道的催化不对称合成手性碳-硒键的策略,对反应机理和立体控制进行了探讨,并对其发展趋势作了总结和展望。     

Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biochemistry of Methyl Branched Fatty Acids

The main aspects of recent research on the occurrence, isolation, structure, biogenesis and metabolism of the methyl branched fatty acids have been reviewed. For the purpose of this work the fatty acids were classified in the following 5 groups: 1. Iso- or anteiso-acids; 2. Branched chain acids with one methyl branching in the middle of the chain; 3. Multiple branched acids with methyl branching on alternate carbon atoms; 4. Multiple branched acids with isoprenoid structure; 5. Mycolic acids. The literature has been covered up to 1969.     

Recent Advances in Organometallic Polymers as Highly Efficient Electrophosphorescent Emitters

Recent progress and development of organometallic electrophosphorescent polymers, which attracted increasing interest of researchers in the field of phosphorescent light-emitting devices, has been reviewed. The synthesis, structural characterization, photoluminescence, electroluminescence and possible application of electrophosphorescent polymers are surveyed and discussed. This paper is dedicated to the outstanding scientific accomplishments of Professor Ian Manners to the field of inorganic and organometallic polymers.     

催化焚烧处理挥发性有机物技术进展

本文介绍了国内外有关挥发性有机物（VOCs）及其联合工艺的应用情况及最新进展,并对国内VOC治理技术开发方向提出了自己的看法。     

Future Trends in the Chemistry of Polymers

Certain well-defined trends are discernible in the chemistry of polymers: (1) an improvement in mechanical properties and processing, especially with respect to the development of stiffer and tougher materials; (2) an increase in physical and chemical inertness, for example good ageing characteristics, stability against light, reduction of flammability and resistance against chemicals; and (3) the widening of the temperature range in which the material may be used, for example, polymers which may be used at high temperatures. New products are being introduced, and processes are being improved to obtain better and more desirable properties from a wide range of existing materials. The broad correlation of molecules, structure and properties which determines the end-use of the material is discussed. Particular attention is paid to heat-resistant and heat-stable polymers and fibre-reinforced plastics.     

漆酶催化活性中心结构及应用的研究进展

综述了漆酶催化活性中心结构及应用的研究进展。漆酶的催化反应发生在铜离子形成的活性中心 ,但其氧化能力与氨基酸配体有密切的关系。漆酶可应用于带有羟基或氨基的芳香族单体的聚合反应 ,偶氮染料的合成及降解 ,稠环芳烃的降解去毒等。同时在纸浆的洁净漂白 ,化学分析中痕量物质的检测 ,食品的保鲜及改良和环保等方面有重要应用