Analysis of a novel laminated coil using eddy currents for AC highmagnetic field

The analysis and performance of an eddy current type laminated coil for a high AC magnetic fields are described. It is usually difficult to obtain a high AC magnetic field using an air-gap coil because of eddy currents. The present coil circumvents this limitation by making use of the magnetic shielding effect of eddy currents. Two different realizations of the coil are proposed to provide design flexibility. The field distributions are analyzed by the two-dimensional finite-element method. The coils can also be applied to an induction electromagnetic pump     

The effect of shaking on magnetic shields

The increase of the shielding factor due to shaking was measured in a scale model for a magnetically shielded room. The increase was found to be 7 dB for a single-layer square cylinder biased by the Earth's magnetic field. The shielding factor of a large-volume three-layer Mumetal^®room was estimated to increase by a factor of 30, thus confirming the feasibility of shaking in magnetic shields. The shaking parameters, amplitude, and frequency are not critical according to the experiments. Winding the shaking coils along the edges of the cubic shield leads to minimum disturbances inside the cube, and the winding can also be applied to demagnetize the shield by an alternating field of 25 A/m, 50 Hz. The relative incremental permeability of Mumetal was studied as a function of the shaking and biasing fields. The permeability was found to increase considerably by shaking and by decreasing the biasing field. With zero biasing and with shaking field of Hs= 5 A/m root mean square (rms), 50 Hz, the permeability reached its maximum value of 89 000, which is sevenfold the value without shaking.     

Calculating exciting fields using the fast multipole method and an integral transformation to the coil surface

A practicable method for computing exciting fields is presented. To avoid volume integration and meshing one uses a transformation of Biot-Savarts's law to the coil surface. In doing so, the exciting field strength is represented by a linear combination of single- and double-layer potentials. Both can be evaluated by the fast multipole method. The method is valid for a considerably class of coil geometries including race track and bedstead coils with arbitrary cross section.     

Distributed Multipole Model for Design of Permanent-Magnet-Based Actuators

This paper presents a general method for deriving a closed-form solution for precise calculation of the magnetic field around a permanent magnet (PM) or an electromagnet (EM). The method, referred here as distributed multipole (DMP) modeling, inherits many advantages of the dipole model originally conceptualized in the context of physics, but provides an effective means to account for the shape and magnetization of the physical magnet. Three examples are given to illustrate the procedure of developing a DMP model, which derives an appropriate set of distributed dipoles from a limited set of known field points, for a general cylindrical PM, a customized PM, and a multilayer coil. The DMP modeling method has been validated by comparing simulated fields and calculated forces against data obtained experimentally and numerically; the comparisons show excellent agreement. Finally, we illustrate how the closed-form DMP models can offer an inexpensive means to visualize the effect of the EM fields on the leakage and unexpected flux paths, which have significant influences on the magnetic torque of a spherical motor.     

碳纳米管纸/聚合物复合材料制备及其性能研究进展

碳纳米管纸(又称巴基纸)/聚合物复合材料是纸状的碳纳米管薄层和聚合物复合制成的新型高性能复合材料。巴基纸/聚合物复合材料的制备方法主要有真空过滤热压法、原位电化学法和等离子体法。此种新型碳纳米管复合材料具有优异的电磁屏蔽、力学和电学性能。综述了巴基纸/聚合物复合材料的制备方法、性能及其应用前景。     

Noncoaxial Inductance Calculations Without the Vector Potential for Axisymmetric Coils and Planar Coils

This paper presents an exact method for calculating the mutual inductance between a general axisymmetric coil and a second planar coil consisting of either a disk coil or a planar loop of essentially arbitrary shape. The approach is based directly on the magnetic field rather than the vector potential . The paper gives detailed results for two circular loops, a circular loop and an elliptic loop, and a circular loop and an annular disk coil. The method can be extended to cover the cases where all these loops and coils are extruded in the axial direction to give the corresponding solenoids. The method is also applicable to calculations for nuclear radiation detectors.     

用于心磁传感器测试系统的三轴向亥姆赫兹线圈的设计与仿真

心磁检测对于心脏相关疾病的诊断具有独特优势，在用于测量心脏磁场的传感器(下称心磁传感器）的研制过程中，需要在模拟心磁的磁场环境下进行测试工作。基于此，设计了一个用于心磁传感器测试系统的亥姆赫兹线圈，它可以产生磁感应强度为pT级的动态磁场，模拟心磁环境，以满足心磁传感器测试的需求。根据亥姆赫兹线圈的磁场产生原理，使用磁屏蔽筒对环境磁场进行屏蔽，通过计算确定了线圈尺寸、线圈匝数、导线长度及导线横截面直径等参数。使用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件对亥姆赫兹线圈产生的静态磁场的分布均匀性以及通入线圈电流变化时磁场的动态特性进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明，所设计的亥姆赫兹线圈满足设计要求，能够产生磁场强度为100 pT左右、均匀度小于5%、波形实时性好的类心脏磁场波形，为心磁传感器的测试提供了良好的测试环境。所设计的亥姆赫兹线圈能够用于心磁传感器的测试工作，为心磁传感器的实际应用奠定了基础。     

Transform method for calculating low-frequency shieldingeffectiveness of planar linear multilayered shields

A two-dimensional analytical solution for quasistatic magnetic field shielding with planar infinite multilayered shields is presented. The magnetic field source is a system of long straight wires parallel to the shield, carrying sinusoidal currents. The analysis assumes that material media can be considered linear under the applied source fields. The spatial Fourier cosine and sine transforms are applied to the analytical expressions of the magnetic field intensity and flux density is obtained by solving the diffusion equation in each layer. Using transfer relations for every layer in terms of transformed variables allows one to obtain the shielded field, and thus the shielding effectiveness, with no need to determine the integration functions explicitly. The results obtained with both this approach and a finite-element computer code are in good agreement. The method seems to be also suited for the analysis of problems with more complex geometries and source distributions     

Harmonic measurements in superconducting magnets for a high energy accelerator

For the multipole field measurement in superconducting magnets for an accelerator application, a practical method was successfully introduced. The method uses a slow rotating coil assembly with an integator and a shaft encoder connected to a computer system. The accuracy and the quickness of the measurement was sufficient for the mass production test of the Fermilab Energy Doubler magnets.     

基于MEMS技术的三明治型电磁式微振动能量采集器

本文中设计了一种结构新颖的三明治型电磁式微振动能量采集器,主要包括上线圈、下线圈和由永磁体与硅基平面镍弹簧构成的拾振系统.上、下线圈的对称性分布有利于充分利用永磁体周围的磁场从而提高整个器件的机械能-电能转换效率.实验样机主要采用MEMS微加工技术制作,其中的硅基平面镍弹簧采用体硅微加工和微电镀技术制作,双层铜线圈采用微电镀和聚酰亚胺绝缘层技术制作.实验样机的体积约为0.32 cm3.振动特性测试表明,在外界加速度小于8 m/s2时,永磁体振幅随着加速度的增加而增加,在加速度大于8 m/s2以后,振幅几乎不再增加,出现饱和现象.电学特性测试表明,在8 m/s2加速度作用下,单线圈和串联线圈产生的感应电压峰峰值分别为82.5 mV和125 mV,因此,三明治结构的新型设计使得输出电压增加了51.5%.另外,在加速度为8 m/s2、频率为280.9 Hz的外界振动激励下,实验样机产生的最大负载电压和最大负载功率分别为125 mV和13.2μW.     

Electromagnetic field solution for a coil of arbitrary shape moving relative to a set of ferromagnetic layers

A general method is described for solving the electromagnetic field problem associated with a coil of arbitrary shape moving above a number of planar ferromagnetic layers. It is shown that power and the 3-axis forces may be determined using a Fourier transform technique, together with a transmission line analogue. If only power and the 3-axis forces are required, and not the actual field components, then the use of the inverse Fourier transforms can be obviated by utilising the Parseval identity. The method is illustrated with a simple example.     

中子及伽马射线复合屏蔽材料的研究进展

原子能工业的日益发展带来了核泄漏、核污染等安全隐患,人们必须采取严密的防护措施来保障涉核人员的身体健康和环境安全.众多核辐射类型中,中子和γ射线穿透性最强,屏蔽难度最大.然而,传统的中子屏蔽材料如硼、水、聚乙烯和伽马屏蔽材料如铅、铁、钨等屏蔽功能单一,屏蔽性能有限,有的热力学性能不佳,难以满足现代辐射防护的要求.在这方...     

用快速多极方法预测圆柱绕流的气动噪声

采用声模拟理论预测气动噪声时需要大量的计算时间,快速多极方法将传统点对点计算转变为点集之间的相互作用,可以有效加速计算。基于二维自由空间格林函数的分波展开方式,推导了FW-H方程应用快速多极变换后的积分核函数与计算公式。计算了低马赫数圆柱绕流的非定常流场;并由此预测了气动声源。随后,分别采用传统方法和快速多极方法计算其声场分布。结果表明,基于分波展开方式的快速多极方法能准确计算圆柱绕流气动噪声,在频率较低时能大幅减少声场计算时间,且观测点数越多,加速效果越明显。     

Reflection and refraction of multipole radiation by an interface

Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic multipole radiation by an interface is studied. The multipole can be electric or magnetic and is of arbitrary order (dipole, quadrupole). From the angular spectrum representation of the radiation emitted by the multipole, I have obtained the angular spectrum representations of the reflected and transmitted fields, which involve the Fresnel reflection and transmission coefficients. The intensity distribution in the far field is evaluated with the method of stationary phase. The result is very simple in appearance and can be expressed in terms of two auxiliary functions of a complex variable. By exchanging the Fresnel coefficients for s and p polarization, the result for an electric multipole can be obtained from the result for a magnetic multipole.     

一种便捷的新型矩形偏转线圈的设计方法

针对新型矩形偏转线圈的设计提出了一种简单新颖的设计方法。该方法不仅可以避免复杂的三维电磁场计算和优化,而且还可以利用现有的旋转对称偏转线圈的计算结果,因此可节省大量的时间。此外,该方法不仅可用于非旋转对称矩形线圈的设计,还可用于其它的电磁场问题。文中采用一简单的偏转线圈结构模型,从数值计算和实验验证两方面证明了该方法的正确性和可行性。     

非接触搭接结构电磁屏蔽特性的数值分析

非接触搭接是电子设备箱体常见的连接形式,搭接处会不可避免地存在缝隙,而缝隙是电磁泄漏的主要途径,将致使箱体屏蔽效能降低,故有必要探索增强腔体屏蔽效能的方法．以几种典型非接触搭接金属箱体为研究对象,在平面波激励下,利用传输线矩阵法（TLM）和波导理论,对搭接长度、缝隙宽度、缝隙长度等参数对箱体屏效的影响进行了定量的数值计算和定性的理论分析,结论表明通过减小缝隙宽度、增加搭接长度和螺钉分段均可提高箱体屏效．同时计算分析了不同搭接形式对箱体屏效的影响,提出了能够实现高屏效的搭接结构途径,并结合矩形波导理论得到采用弯折搭接结构也能够显著提高箱体屏效的结论．研究结果可为电子设备的电磁屏蔽设计提供依据．     

多层金属纤维混纺织物的电磁屏蔽效能

金属纤维混纺织物由于具有较好的电磁屏蔽性能得到了广泛应用,但其屏蔽效能受纺织工艺等诸多因素影响,难以建立精确的计算模型。在分析介质平板屏蔽体屏蔽效能的基础上提出等效算法,将金属纤维混纺织物等效为均匀介质平板,以计算多层织物材料的电磁屏蔽效能。通过测试单、双层金属纤维混纺织物的电磁屏蔽效能,验证了等效方法的正确性和可行性,可用于指导复合材料的设计。     

Optimization of endoluminal loop radiofrequency coils for gastrointestinal wall MR imaging

In this paper, we describe the optimization of endoluminal planar coils for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of gastrointestinal walls. For maximizing the coil performances, electromagnetic parameters of planar rectangular radio frequency (RF) coils were simulated using the finite element method. The eddy currents were fully computed to determine the electromagnetic losses in both wires and surrounding environment. Geometric parameters of the coils (length, conductive layer section, number of layers, and turns number) were varied. Based on simulations, five loop RF coil prototypes with planar geometry were designed to fit in a 5-mm inner diameter catheter. In the immediate vicinity of single-loop coils, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases with the length of the coil, whereas penetration depth increases with it. The double-loop coil offers a greater penetration depth in comparison to the same length single-loop coil. The multilayer coil preserves the RF field B/sub 1/ by inducing a reduction in the electrical resistance of the conductor, therefore resulting in an increase in SNR. Experimental verifications were performed on a 1.5 T clinical scanner. Simulation results were found to be in good agreement with that of MR experiments. Developed prototypes provided a dramatic increase in SNR at the region of interest.     

Computation of the External Magnetic Field, Near-Field or Far-Field, From a Circular Cylindrical Magnetic Source Using Toroidal Functions

A method is developed for computing the magnetic field from a circular or noncircular cylindrical magnetic source. A Fourier series expansion is introduced which yields an alternative to the more familiar spherical harmonic solution, Elliptic integral solution, or Bessel function solution. This alternate formulation coupled with a method called charge simulation allows one to compute the external magnetic field from an arbitrary magnetic source in terms of a toroidal expansion which is valid on any finite hypothetical external observation cylinder. In other words, the magnetic scalar potential or the magnetic field intensity is computed on a exterior cylinder which encloses the magnetic source. Also, one can compute an equivalent multipole distribution of the real magnetic source valid for points close to the circular cylindrical boundary where the more familiar spherical multipole distribution is not valid. This method can also be used to accurately compute the far field where a finite-element formulation is known to be inaccurate     

七级像差的多极场分析与校正

应用多极场理论，研究了超大偏转角情况下的偏转像差，给出了应用十四极场做七级像差校正时的多极场表达式，计算了在多种情况下十四极场对七级像差校正的影响，同时还分析了多极场像差校正的方法。