两亲性无规共聚物MAA-SMA-PEGMA的表面活性研究

利用功能性单体甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯(SMA)和聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGMA)通过常规自由基无规共聚反应,合成了两亲性共聚物Poly(MAA-SMA-PEGMA)。对其结构、临界胶束质量浓度(CMC),表面张力等进行了研究,并对由共聚物与低分子表面活性剂组成的复配体系进行了探讨。实验结果表明:高低分子表面活性剂复配体系在质量比为5∶5后,体系的表面张力和临界胶束浓度都有所降低,接近于低分子表面活性剂。     

两性/阴离子表面活性剂复配体系性能研究

采用环氧氯丙烷与磷酸二氢钠反应制备中间体,再与十二叔胺反应,制备甜菜碱型磷酸酯两性表面活性剂,并与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)进行复配。测定复配前后产品的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、泡沫稳定性和乳化能力等性能。结果表明,在最佳合成工艺条件下,甜菜碱型磷酸酯两性表面活性剂的表面张力为30 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为7.98 g/L。对于复配体系,当甜菜碱型磷酸酯表面活性剂与SDBS以质量比6∶4进行复配时增效作用最好,其表面张力为23 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为4.84 g/L,对松节油的乳化性能较好。     

P(AA-co-SMA)作为高分子表面活性剂的可行性研究

研究无规共聚物P(AA-co-SMA)作为高分子表面活性剂的可行性。以丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯(SMA)为单体,采用自由基溶液聚合法合成了5种配比的无规共聚物P(AA-co-SMA)。红外测试表明聚合物制备成功,电导法和表面张力法测试聚合物的临界胶束浓度(～0.01 g/L)和溶解度(～0.1 g/L)结果一致、都较小,但聚合物对水的表面张力的降低能力太差,故该无规共聚物不能作为高分子表面活性剂。     

糖苷基季铵盐与α-烯基磺酸钠复配体系的表面活性

研究了糖苷基季铵盐(CAPG)与α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)复配体系的稳定性以及在表面和溶液中的相互作用.结果 表明,复配体系具有很好的稳定性,在形成胶束的能力、降低表面张力的效能及效率方面均有显著的提高,当n(CAPG):n(AOS)=1:1时增效作用最为明显,其cmcT(临界胶束浓度)、γcmc(临界胶束浓度时的表面张力)和cπ:柏(表面张力为40 mN·m-1时表面活性剂的总浓度)分别为4.4×10-5mol·L-1,24.9 mN·m-1和1.7×10-5mol·L-1,混合表面活性剂在表面和胶束中的相互作用参数βσ和βm分别为-15.93和-14.29,表现出很好的协同效应.     

AES与AEO_9复配体系表面活性的研究

研究了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)与非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚9(AEO_9)按不同质量比复配所得表面活性剂体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)、平衡表面张力(γ)及动态表面张力(DST)。当得到AES-AEO_9复配体系质量比为3∶7时,临界胶束浓度(cmc)最小,为0.10mmol/L,γ_(cmc)为33.62mN/m;质量比为1∶9时动态表面张力最好,此时动态表面张力参数n为1.74,t*为1.32s,表面张力降低速率R_(1/2)为14.30mN/m·s。不同浓度动态表面张力结果表明,随复配体系浓度增加,诱导期节省时间t_i减少,R_(1/2)增加。     

十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵与烷基糖苷复配体系的表面活性和应用性能研究

研究了十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵(DTAH)与烷基糖苷(APG-0810)复配体系的稳定性、表面张力及应用性能。结果表明,复配体系总活性物质量浓度小于70 g/L时,溶液透光率大于80%,表现出良好的稳定性,且其表面张力和临界胶束浓度(CMC)均比单一表面活性剂的表面张力和CMC低。复配体系中APG-0810的加入有利于提高十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵的起泡性、乳化性、润湿力及净洗力。     

十二烷基三甲基己酸铵/SDBS复配体系的表面活性和应用性能研究

研究了十二烷基三甲基己酸铵(C_(12)NC_6)与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配体系的表面活性及应用性能。结果表明,复配体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γcmc)均比单一表面活性剂的低,其扩散吸附速率较单一表面活性剂的慢;复配体系中SDBS的加入可提高C_(12)NC_6的稳泡性、润湿性;当n(C_(12)NC_6):n(SDBS)=1:1时,复配体系的cmc和γcmc达到最低,具有较好的稳泡性和润湿性,但发泡性和乳化性变差。     

十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵与烷基糖苷复配体系的表面活性和应用性能

研究了十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵(DTAH)与烷基糖苷(APG-0810)复配体系的稳定性、表面张力及应用性能。结果表明,复配体系总活性物质量浓度小于70 g/L时,溶液透光率大于80%,表现出良好的稳定性,且其表面张力和临界胶束浓度(CMC)均比单一表面活性剂的表面张力和CMC低。复配体系中APG-0810的加入有利于提高十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵的起泡性、乳化性、润湿力及净洗力。     

表面活性剂的复配及对甲维盐微乳剂物理稳定性的影响

通过测定不同类型的单一及复配型表面活性剂水溶液的临界胶束浓度和表面张力,研究了它对w(甲维盐)=1％的微乳剂物理稳定性的影响。膦酸酯类阴离子表面活性剂A的临界胶束浓度为1．79×10-4 mol／L,表面张力为28．90 mN/m;苄基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段型非离子表面活性剂B(EPE型)的临界胶束浓度为 1.91×10-4 mol/L,表面张力为20．70 mN/m;按m(A):m(B)=2:3形成的复配型表面活性剂2#的水溶液的临界胶束浓度为9．30×10-5 moL/L,表面张力为25．66 mN/m。当w(2#)=10％时,配制w(甲维盐)=1％的微乳剂物理稳定性最佳,各项指标均合格。     

双子两性磷酸酯/十二烷基硫酸钠复配体系的表面活性

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和双子两性磷酸酯表面活性剂(C12GP)的形成胶束能力和降低表面张力能力的协同作用,发现C12GP与SDS摩尔比为4∶1时增效作用显著.考察了无机盐、醇对复配体系表面活性的影响.结果表明:加盐能够提高表面活性;短链脂肪醇作为添加剂应用于复配体系后,当混合表面活性剂的浓度较低时,其临界胶束浓度(ccm)比直接使用混合表面活性剂的ccm有所下降;同时长链脂肪醇作为添加剂应用于复配体系后,其ccm比直接使用混合表面活性剂的ccm下降显著.     

Surface properties of graft copolymers surfactants: Behavior at the water/toluene interface

Poly(propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) (PPOPEO) surfactant has been used as a surface tension modifier. In this study, the graft copolymer made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) main chain and PPOPEO graft chain behavior at water/toluene interface was observed. Interfacial tension measurements were conducted by dissolving the graft copolymer in toluene at a concentration range 1 wt % ?0.0003. The results confirmed the surfactant behavior of graft copolymers, which presented a PMMA/PPOPEO ratio dependence. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) was observed. Above the CMC, the graft copolymers tend to form a monomolecular association that depends upon copolymer molecular weight. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

温度及无机盐对LMEE和SDS混合溶液表面张力的影响

通过表面张力的测定,研究了温度和不同无机盐对月桂酸甲酯乙氧基化物(laurylmethylesterethoxylate,简称LMEE)与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配物表面张力及临界胶束浓度(CMC)的影响。研究表明:混合体系的CMC在很宽的复配比例内出现最低值,25℃、未加无机盐时可使CMC最低降至3 8×10-5mol/L;温度对复配体系表面张力的影响较小,温度上升复配物的CMC略有降低。3种价态无机盐的加入均可使复配物的CMC有所降低,但与单一表面活性剂相比,温度和无机盐对复配物的CMC影响均不大,说明复配体系的抗温变及抗盐能力均有增强。     

The Synergism Effect Between Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate and a Block Copolymer in Aqueous Solution

The synergistic behavior of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) with poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO) block copolymer was studied using surface tension measurements. The surface tension of single and mixed solutions of SDBS and the block copolymer in this study was measured at different concentrations and at 25 °C. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of these solutions was determined from the surface tension measurements. The SDBS gives higher CMC values than those of the block copolymer. The results show that the CMC value of SDBS decreases as the molar ratio of SDBS increases in the mixture solution with the block copolymer. The surface parameters of adsorption and micellization for single and mixed solutions were investigated. The results show that the surface and micellization properties of SDBS were improved as a result of mixing with the block copolymer. The mole fractions in the micelles and interaction parameters of the mixed solutions were calculated. The foam stability of single and mixed solutions at 25 °C was determined. The results show that the SDBS has more foam stability than the block copolymer and the foam stability increases as the molar ratio of SDBS increase in mixed solution of it with block copolymer.

新型树枝状非离子表面活性剂的温度与盐效应研究

以3.0代聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM G-3.0)为起始剂,合成了一种新型树枝状非离子表面活性剂。通过表面张力与稳态荧光法研究了其在水溶液和无机盐溶液中的表面性质与聚集行为,并考察了温度对其性质的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,表面活性剂的表面张力逐渐降低,但在研究的温度范围内,临界胶束浓度(CMC)的变化不大。当加入质量浓度为1.0%的NaCl、NaBr及Na2SO4时,均使其表面张力增大;而3种无机盐的加入,对表面活性剂CMC的影响不大。     

Colloid‐Enhanced Ultrafiltration of Chlorophenols in Wastewater: Part IV. Effect of Added Salt on the Surfactant Leakage in Surfactant Solutions and Surfactant–Polymer Mixtures

Abstract

The critical aggregation concentration (cac) in surfactant–polymer mixtures approximates a lower limit to the surfactant concentration in the permeate (surfactant leakage) in polyelectrolyte micellar‐enhanced ultrafiltration. Here, the cac was measured at different salinities by using surface tension measurements. It was found that the cac increases slightly with the addition of simple salt, then the cac value decreases at higher salt concentration. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), which approximates surfactant leakage in micellar systems (no polymer), decreases monotonically with increasing salinity for ionic surfactants. The surfactant leakage in colloid‐enhanced ultrafiltration (CEUF) processes is investigated by using a dialysis method in the presence of three phenolic solutes with various degrees of chlorination: 2‐monochlorophenol (MCP), 2,4‐dichlorophenol (DCP), and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP). Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) or n‐hexadecylpyridinium chloride is used as a cationic surfactant; and sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) is used as an anionic polyelectrolyte. The effect of salinity and type of colloid is focused on here. In the absence of added salt, the cac can be over an order of magnitude less than the CMC, as can be surfactant leakage with added polymer. The added salt reduces the surfactant leakage in the micellar solution due to CMC reduction in the presence of electrolyte. In the surfactant–polymer mixture, the surfactant leakage is dramatically affected by salinity.     

一种含氟烷基磷酸酯类氟碳表面活性剂的复配研究

研究了含氟烷基磷酸单酯类表面活性剂[分子式为H(CF2)6CH2OPO(ONa)2,记为DFH-PS]与无机盐和普通碳氢表面活性剂的复配性能,研究结果表明,DFH-PS水溶液最低表面张力为23.73 mN/m;当NaCl浓度为0.2 mol/L时,可使DFH-PS水溶液最低表面张力下降到21.62 mN/m;阴离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对该含氟表面活性剂影响显著,当n(DFH-PS)∶n(SDS)=5∶1时,可使水溶液表面张力在很低浓度时降至22.22 mN/m;与非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(OP-10)混合,当n(DFH-PS)∶n(OP-10)=8∶1时,可使水溶液表面张力降至27.0 mN/m。     

硫酸酯盐双子表面活性剂的合成和界面张力的研究

实验室条件下,以长链羧酸(月桂酸)、聚乙二醇等为主要原料,通过赫尔-乌尔哈-泽林斯基反应等和酯化反应,用醚键加入方式加入联接基团,用浓硫酸加成反应加入硫酸酯键,从而在实验室条件下合成具有特殊结构的双子表面活性剂-GA12-S-12.通过用旋转液滴法测合成的硫酸酯盐阴离子双子表面活性剂的表面张力,测得其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为438 mg/L,临界胶束浓度下表面张力为30.9 mN/m,并对比十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液表面张力,显示GA12-S-12[低聚二醇(α-硫酸酯钠)月桂酸双酯阴离子双子表面活性剂]具有更优的表面活性.进一步配制不同浓度的GA12-S-12表面活性剂溶液,测定它们与长庆五里湾原油的界面张力,效果显示其适用于五里湾区原油采收率的提高.     

Surface activity of mixtures of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide with sodium perfluorooctanoate and sodium octanoate

In this study, the surface tension of mixtures of cationic surfactant dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and anionic surfactant sodium perfluorooctanoate (SPFO) was evaluated as a function of DTAB-SPFO composition and total surfactant concentration, with and without added electrolyte. It was found that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of these mixtures was reduced by more than two orders of magnitude when compared to the CMC of SPFO and DTAB alone. The surface tension, after CMC, of the mixtures was close to that of SPFO with added electrolyte and even lower than that of SPFO without added electrolyte. Using the appropriate, combination of SPFO and DTAB, surface tensions near 18 mJ/m² were obtained using a concentration 1/500 of that required for SPFO alone. When these results were compared to those obtained for DTAB-sodium octanoate (SOCT) mixtures, it was evident that the DTAB-SPFO system shows a larger degree of synergism than the DTAB-SOCT system. Contact angle measurements on Teflon^® surfaces corroborates that the lower surface tension of DTAB-SPFO mixtures improves wetting on these hydrophobic surfaces. Using the regular solution theory to interpret the data of CMC and C45mJ/m² (monolayer formation) versus DTAB-SPFO composition, it was concluded that even when small concentrations of SPFO are introduced in the mixture, the composition of the micelles (at the CMC) and monolayer adsorbed at the air-water interface tends to be equimolar in SPFO and DTAB.     

温度对等摩尔CTAB-SDS复配体系表面张力及乳化性能的影响

测定了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及它们等摩尔复配体系在不同温度下的表面张力及乳化性能。复配体系的γCMC从10℃的63.67 mN/m下降到90℃的36.38 mN/m,比相应单一体系的γCMC还略低,表现出高温下较高的表面活性。相应的单一体系的CMC值变化不明显,而CTAB-SDS体系的CMC却减少近一半。这些表面活性剂形成的乳液稳定性随温度升高而下降,与表面活性无关。90℃时复配体系的乳液分出10 mL水层的时间只需0.37 m in,使中和电荷加高温有可能成为一种较好的破乳方法,高温时等摩尔CTAB-SDS的高表面活性与所形成乳液的不稳定性使其有可能较好地应用于催化一些两相反应。