共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
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This paper shows that the role of managerial incentives is highlighted by a relatively complex relationship between technological
competence and international diversification. By studying a sample of Standard & Poor’s 500 member firms, we explore the relationships
between technological competence, managerial pay, and international diversification.
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Results indicated a curvilinear relationship (an inverted U-shape) between technological competence and international diversification. |
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In line with agency theory, contingent pay (stock options and bonuses) was positively related to international diversification. |
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Beyond these direct effects, both contingent and non-contingent pay (cash compensation) moderated the relationship between
technological competence and international diversification.
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2.
Abstract and Key Results
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In this article, we examine the effects of language on the transfer of knowledge within multinational companies. We unbundle
language from the culture box and use the basic communication model to show how language affects all stages.
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We also examine a range of influences — cost, transfer medium, teams, networks, trust, staff movements and motivation — on
international knowledge transfer to demonstrate how language effects their operation.
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We develop the concept of language as a “reconfiguration agent” to explain its extensive, pervasive, on-going and system-altering
characteristics.
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3.
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This paper examines cross-border mergers and acquisitions undertaken by U.S. companies to determine whether geographic distance
directly affects these firms’ governance decisions.
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We find that U.S. firms tend to acquire higher stakes in geographically proximate targets than in remote ones. |
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The paper also investigates the moderating effect of geographic distance on cultural distance and political risk. We find
that as these two hazards increase, acquirers prefer shared ownership for proximate deals, and full ownership for acquisitions
of geographically distant targets. These findings indicate that the previously-reported effects of cultural distance and political
risk on FDI are not absolute, but they are moderated by geographic distance.
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4.
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Building on an organisational learning perspective, we argue that emerging market firms’ international experience and home-country
characteristics are core sources of learning. Furthermore, we argue that these factors constitute important determinants of
emerging market firms’ acquisition behaviour in developed countries (south-north acquisitions). 相似文献
5.
Abstract and Key Results
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This conceptual paper examines the dynamics of the offshoring of information technology (IT) service work. It considers this
important emerging phenomenon from multiple lenses, especially those of international business theories.
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Research propositions are developed based on the perspectives of home country firms, host nation and the dynamic interactions
between the two. Questions for future research are suggested.
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Already established nations in the field get more opportunities than the new entrants to increase their competitiveness from
experience-based knowledge gained as a result of the imitative actions of home country firms.
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6.
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Drawing on the transaction costs, strategic capability and the strategic cognition perspectives, our study seeks to examine
whether and how firms’ strategic orientations at the business level influence the entry mode choices that firms make in accessing
foreign markets.
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The study uses a sample of 332 foreign market entries made by 62 U.S. based firms over a period of 6 years to test hypotheses
linking firm business level strategy to the choice of foreign entry modes.
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Findings indicate that Prospectors are more likely to choose equity-based foreign market entry modes than Defenders. In addition,
Prospectors favor full-ownership entry modes, namely, greenfield investments and full acquisitions, over shared-ownership
modes such as joint ventures and partial acquisitions.
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7.
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We explore the role of foreign direct investment and (its relationship to) clusters for the competitiveness (and catching-up)
of small(er) developing countries.
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We suggest that while size per se need not matter, small(er) developing countries need to explicitly account for any liabilities
of smallness when devising and implementing strategies for competitiveness and catching-up.
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We claim that international strategic management scholarship can add insights on this important issue, by complementing extant
literature and contributions by international trade and economic development scholarship.
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8.
Abstract and Key Results
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We explore the differences in international strategy between multinational enterprises (MNEs) in services and manufacturing,
especially in terms of their international diversification, as measured by their sales and asset dispersion.
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Our longitudinal data show that the largest MNEs in services have a much stronger home-region orientation than manufacturing
MNEs. Large MNEs in the services sector average 83.9 percent of their sales in their home region, which is significantly higher
than large manufacturing firms at 65.6 percent.
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We explore the possible reasons for the relative lack of globalization of services firms. The two main reasons are: the difficulty of adapting separately upstream activities and downstream activities in high distance host environments, and the difficulty of selecting activity locations as a function of supply side criteria.
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We offer a refinement of regional strategy theory applicable to services MNEs. |
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9.
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This study investigates expatriate adaptation using a sample of Japanese expatriates in the US. For a comprehensive understanding,
home managers in Japan and host managers in the US were also used.
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This study is unique in that it examines expatriate adaptation through an analysis of the change of a fit between 12 learning
skills and the skills demands.
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The degree of expatriate adaptation increased in accordance with the length of the current overseas assignment tenure in the
host country, along with an increase in job satisfaction.
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10.
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The role of networks and international commitment in the formation of internationalisation strategies has not yet been explored
in international research. The present paper investigates these relationships in a sample of 206 Norwegian exporters.
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This article suggests that access to networks and commitment play significant roles in the formation of internationalisation
strategies. Implications for management and research are discussed.
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11.
Abstract and Key Results
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This paper focuses on the overall themes of the issue to examine the interrelationships between innovation, competition and
regulatory change in international business.
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It provides a synthesis by highlighting recent interlinked developments in two contrasting industries dominated by large multinationals
— pharmaceuticals and automotives, with specific reference to cars.
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This industry based assessment highlights the technical, economic and regulatory forces that have together changed the business
environment, innovation processes and nature of competition in the pharmaceutical and automotive industries.
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12.
Abstract and Key Results
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This paper introduces innovation, competition and regulatory change as dominant themes in international business.
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These themes represent focussed trajectories for future research despite diversity in their causes, processes and consequences
and the interactions between them which reflect the increasingly complex environment in which managers operate.
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This diversity and the significant interactions between the three areas pose a challenge to scholars, with current research
both shedding light on particular aspects and on the interactions between the elements in applied settings as demonstrated
by the contributions to this focused issue.
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13.
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Analyzing the nature of competitive interaction among multinational firms in the tire industry, we find that the histories
of the interactions between particular rivals matter.
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The decision to enter a new foreign market in the era of global consolidation is related to the identities of rivals in the
market, characteristics of the firm and the market, and the extent of past competitive interactions with the international
pioneering firm.
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Results suggest that, in an oligopolistic environment, aspects of multimarket competition are important to foreign direct
investment decisions.
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14.
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Both scholars and practitioners have paid much attention to the impact of retaining top-performing knowledge workers on organizational
effectiveness.
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This study hypothesizes and analyzes how a bundle of high-commitment human resource practices (HCHRPs) influence affective
organizational commitment, a strong predictor of employee turnover, of top performers versus ordinary employees.
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This study suggests that HCHRPs may enable organizations to retain not only ordinary employees but also top performers through
their positive impact on employees’ organizational commitment.
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Using a sample of middle level managerial and R&D workers in 11 subsidiaries of a multinational conglomerate located in East
Asia, this study showed that a bundle of high commitment human resource practices was positively related to the affective
organizational commitment of top performers more than that of lower performers.
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15.
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The process of foreign direct investment (FDI) is inherently uncertain as decisions surrounding investments are impacted by
fragmented environments which offer contested views as to appropriate actions.
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We propose a multi-level organizing framework of institutional influences on FDI and examine the differential effect of these
forces at two points in time: Prior to a first investment and upon subsequent investments.
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We posit that upon initial entry, firms are impacted primarily by coercive host country pressures, industry mimeticism, and
internal firm norms. We expect these influences to change on subsequent entries with normative forces having the most salience.
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16.
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In a broad sense, corporate governance is about how firms should be governed so that they are run effectively and efficiently.
This paper takes a broad perspective on corporate governance mechanisms and considers possible synergies between corporate
governance and international business (IB) research.
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We summarize the papers included in this Focused Issue, and draw out their main contributions to the literature. In so doing,
we compare and contrast the four theoretical perspectives concerning corporate governance and IB adopted in the five papers:
i.e. transaction cost economics, the resource-based view, agency theory, and institutional theory.
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Finally, we highlight five research themes (international diversification, business groups, entry modes, subsidiary mandates,
and new international ownership structures) where future work explicitly addressing governance issues may prove fruitful.
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17.
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One major change in the world of international business and finance is the growing role of private equity investments in firms
in emerging markets. In little more then four years, since 2003, the money raised by international, primarily American private
equity funds for investment in emerging markets went up about ten times, from $3.5B to $35B.
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This paper provides a multidimensional analysis and discussion on the role of private equity funds in the globalization process
of firms from emerging markets. The discussion begins with development economics, focusing on financial markets development
and sector specific capital, proceeds to a discussion of local comparative advantage and intangible trade costs in the process
of globalization, and continues with a discussion of imperfect contracts and financial contracting based on recent research
in financial economics.
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The multidimensional character of the research is congruent with the nature of globalization and international business. Investment
of private equity funds in emerging markets is shown as a new form of foreign direct investment dubbed FFDI (financial foreign
direct investment).
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18.
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We study why multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries adopt dissimilar political strategies, and seek to advance the understanding
of international political strategy from an MNE parent-subsidiary perspective.
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Drawing on the MNE parent-subsidiary literature, we contend factors at the subsidiary, corporate, and host country levels
contribute to subsidiary political strategy dissimilarity. We test our hypotheses with a sample of U.S. MNE subsidiaries within
Western Europe.
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19.
Abstract and Key Results
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MNEs are moving away from a ‘centralised hub’ to a ‘multi-hub’ network of R&D units. Using evidence from European pharmaceutical
MNEs, this study analyses the challenges associated with promoting and integrating knowledge flows in multi-hub R&D organisational
structures.
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While these new structures provide greater potential for cross-fertilization of technologies and access to location-specific
competences, firms also need to overcome greater levels of inter-unit geographical, organisational and technological distance.
Firms also suffer from organisational inertia, which further hinders lateral communication and inter-unit knowledge transfer.
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There are important variations in the way in which integrated network structures have been implemented, but in general, these
new structures have increased the need for coordination mechanisms, but ironically most companies have reduced or eliminated this ‘traditional’ headquarters
function.
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While socialization mechanisms help to overcome some of these bottlenecks, there remain a number of obstacles in optimising
knowledge flows in physically and technologically dispersed R&D facilities.
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20.
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We examined perceptions differentiating key Colombian decisionmakers in 168 SMEs who decided to either internationalize or
remain domestic. An integrative model compares managerial perceptions of competitive, macro-environmental and neo-institutional
factors.
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Foreign MNEs in the home market significantly differentiated decisions to internationalize, as well as the presence of internationalizing
domestic competitors, anticipated product acceptance, and internationalizing suppliers.
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The lack of findings for some institutional and macro-environmental factors may reflect important contextual features of the
Colombian business environment.
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