The Holographic study for the high T_c superconductor YBCO and recent development of studies of a class of inverse problems

A dream or interesting problem is to obtain more information based on one measurement,for example to obtain all the thermodynamic functions based on specific heat only. We call it“holographic“study.After more than 10 year‘s efforts,we suggest one possibility(or only one)is to solve an inverse problem(specific heat-phonon spectrum inversion,SPI).In this talk we will review recent development of studies of a class of inverse problems,including Dai‘s exact solution and Chen‘s formula and their unification.T...     

γ辐照和电子束辐照对猪肉火腿肠质量的影响研究

比较研究了经不同剂量的γ辐照(GR)(0,5,10,15,20 kGy)和电子束辐照(EB)(0,5,10,15,20kGy)处理的猪肉火腿肠在30℃下储藏10 d过程中的品质(TBARS值、硬度、色泽),感官特性和细菌总数的变化.结果显示,GR辐照与EB辐照对猪肉火腿肠在储藏过程中脂质氧化、硬度、色泽和感官特征变化的影响相似(P≥0.05);然而,经GR辐照处理的样品的细菌总数显著小于经EB辐照处理的样品细菌总数(P<0.05),并且当GR辐照剂量增至10 kGy,样品中细菌总数得到有效抑制,而对火腿肠的品质和主要感官特征(色泽,咀嚼性和味道)没有显著影响(P≥0.05).     

The effect of Ca doping on the properties of melt-processed Gd-based bulk superconductors

The effect of Ca doping to melt-processed Gd-based bulk superconductors fabricated by the oxygen-controlled melt growth (OCMG) method was studied. First, we simply added CaCO₃ to the starting materials to dope Ca and observed an increase in the trapped field and the critical current density (J_c) up to, at least, 0.31 wt.% CaCO₃. However, an additional oxygen annealing resulted in a decrease of J_c in magnetic fields and in a monotonous exponential-like field dependence ofJ_c. This suggests that oxygen deficiency had caused the enhancement of J_c, although the same annealing process as the non-doped sample was applied. We also prepared samples by adding not only CaCO₃ but also BaCO₃ and CuO in a molar ratio of Ca:Ba:Cu = 1:2:3, and observed a large peak effect of J_c up to at least 0.31 wt.% CaCO₃. It is likely that this large peak effect is also caused by oxygen defects, although the superconducting transition temperature was significantly large. These results indicate that J_c at 77 K can be significantly enhanced by introducing a proper amount of oxygen deficiency and compensating at the same time the decrease of carrier density by Ca doping.     

Modification of Ag-PVP nanocomposites by gamma irradiation

Ag-PVP (silver-polyvinylpyrrolidone) films were spin-coated on silica substrates from Ag-PVP colloidal solution. Formation of nanoparticles in deposited films was achieved by photoreduction of silver ions due to UV irradiation of prepared samples. Presence of spherical nanoparticles in UV irradiated samples was identified according to the measured absorbance peaks of samples that were observed in the range 410-430 nm and were explained by surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. Produced nanocomposite films were further on modified additionally irradiating them with gamma photons within the dose range (2-50) Gy.Plasmonic and mechanical properties of gamma irradiated nanocomposite films have been investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy and AFM and compared to those obtained after prolonged UV irradiation of films.     

顶部籽晶粉末熔化法制备的超导YBCO单晶畴性能研究

采用顶部籽晶粉末熔化法(TSPMP)制备了30mm×15mm的YBCO单畴样品.在77K、零场冷却条件下获得最大磁悬浮力值43N(NdFeB,0.5T).在2T的静态磁场中场冷充磁后,77K下获得最大的捕获磁通为380mT.金相分析显示211粒子的粒度分布在1～3μm,ac面上的211粒子的分布密度＞ab面上的分布密度.从磁通钉扎角度分析了211的粒度对磁悬浮力和捕获磁通的影响.     

Studies on certain wood-plastic-composites prepared by gamma irradiation

Wood-plastic-composites have been prepared using locally available soft wood and commercial monomers by vacuum impregnation of monomer in wood and subsequent polymerization by gamma irradiation. The irradiation was performed by means of a⁶⁰Co source of strength 50,000 Ci at 0·2 Mrad/h. The radiation dosage required for maximum conversion of monomer into polymer was less than 2 Mrad except styrene which required a much larger dose of about 10 Mrad. The impregnation efficiency was found to be more for wood with high pore volume. The impregnation efficiency also depended on the ambient pressure: the more the vacuum, the more was the impregnation efficiency. Mechanical strength of the composites was found to be enhanced and water absorption considerably reduced. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the crystallinity of the cellulose did not get affected by the radiation polymerization which suggested that grafting of polymer on to the cell wall took place only in the amorphous regions.     

Influence of crystal plane on the welding quality of YBCO bulk superconductor

The microstructure of welds parallel to the {1 0 0} and the {1 1 0} crystal planes of the single-grain YBa₂Cu₃O₇/Y₂BaCuO₅ (Y123/Y211) bulk superconductors welded by Ag foil has been studied. It is shown that a zone free of small Y211 particles is formed along the both sides of the welds. Formation of this zone is explained by higher Y content in the melt produced during heating and leaking out of the weld. The different morphology of the rest solidified liquid in the welds, which has a tendency to form films in the {1 0 0} welds and granules in the {1 1 0} welds, is associated with different surface energies of welded surfaces. Cracking suppression of the {1 1 0} welds was observed and is ascribed to higher fracture toughness for this plane. The quality of the weld is confirmed by the trapped field measurements.     

生物矿化法制备平片状 YBCO 粉末及导体

介绍了一种全新的制备YBCO超导粉末的方法,通过加入右旋糖酐采用生物矿化的方法,可以使制备的 YBCO 粉末晶粒均呈现出平片状,其典型尺寸为5μm ×5μm ×1μm, TEM显示这些平片状晶粒本身亦呈现层片状结构。同时在一定的区域内,这些平片状YBCO晶粒会自发聚集形成具有相似生长方向的晶粒簇。在这些晶粒簇内部首次在 YBCO内部发现存在有自发超导连接现象。超导连接区域平均包含3～5个平片状晶粒。由于这种YBCO粉末具有特殊的微观结构,所以具有很好的超导性能,其Jc 值在77 K自场下达到了0.1 MA· cm -2,比同等条件下的商业 YBCO 粉末高出10倍以上。用这种具有特殊结构的YBCO粉末可以制备出可以实际承载超导传输电流的 YBCO导体,结果表明此方法有望成为一条全新且廉价又高效的制备YBCO导体的新路线。     

YBCO高温超导薄膜激光化学腐蚀进程的实验观测

提出了将激光辅助化学刻蚀技术应用于钇钡铜氧(YBCO)高温超导薄膜的刻蚀,研究了无掩膜YBCO薄膜激光化学刻蚀的表面特性及其变化规律,在激光辐照下,YBCO薄膜的液相刻蚀速率大大加快,并且在整个过程中,刻蚀速率呈现加快趋势,这一特性将有可能用于改善YBCO刻蚀中的横向钻蚀情况,并提高图形边缘的侧壁陡峭度.     

Growth and Characterization of YBCO Thin Films by Sequential Deposition and Annealing

A novel thin film growth procedure, sequential deposition and annealing (SDA), which contains the advantages of both in situ and ex situ procedures, was proposed. Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O_{7 – x} (YBCO) high temperature superconducting thin films were grown and characterized by the SDA procedure. Purely c-axis-oriented YBCO thin films with no foreign phases and other oriented grains were successfully prepared. The superconducting transition properties of SDA-grown YBCO thin films were measured by measurement of inductance and resistance. The inductance measurements gave a T _c ^onset of 85 K and a T _c of 5 K. The resistance measurements gave a T _c ^onset of 90 K and a T _c of 5 K. Atomic force microscopy studies showed that SDA-grown YBCO thin films had micrometer-size grains surrounded by many nanometer-size grains. The nanometer-size grains in SDA-grown YBCO thin films are responsible for degradation of superconducting transition properties.     

定向凝固法制备YBCO超导棒材研究

为了使高温超导体YBa2Cu3O7-d(简称YBCO)的晶粒取向排列,提高其临界电流密度,利用定向凝固方法生长YBCO棒材.采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜研究了定向凝固工艺(抽拉速率和添加211粒子)对YBCO显微组织及片层生长的影响.结果表明,改变抽拉速率可以改善片层质量,211粒子是显微组织及片层厚度的重要影响因素;较低的抽拉速率有利于高质量定向结构的生长;均匀分布的细小Y211粒子会使片层厚度变薄,晶界连通性改善,有利于YBCO的生长.     

Influence of Irradiation-Induced Correlated and Random Disorder on Flux Pinning in Bulk YBCO Melt-Textured Samples

YBCO melt textured samples were studied after Au ion irradiation of two opposite surface layers of the samples and after proton irradiation. The scaling behavior of the pinning force was studied in order to get information about mechanisms responsible for pinning in the studied samples. Correlated disorder introduced bysurface ion irradiation is effective at high reduced temperatures and leads to the occurrence of a kink in the irreversibility line and to the shift of this line toward higher fields and temperatures. Enhancement of critical current density,increasing with temperature and field, was observed. Random disorder due to proton irradiation does not change the irreversibility line and only provides critical current enhancementdecreasing with temperature and field.     

Nb5+掺杂对低氟MOD法制备的YBCO薄膜性能的影响

本研究通过低氟MOD法成功地制备了Nb⁵⁺掺杂的YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x(YBCO)薄膜, Nb⁵⁺在薄膜中生成了大小在20~30 nm之间的纳米颗粒; 纳米颗粒的生成不会对 YBCO薄膜的织构和临界温度(T_c)构成明显的影响。由于纳米颗粒的引入, 掺杂后薄膜的临界电流密度(J_c)在整个磁场范围内都要高于纯的YBCO, 自场下的Jc更是达到了3.4 MA/cm²。掺杂薄膜的钉扎力(F_p)也远远大于纯YBCO, 最大钉扎力达到了3.25 GN/m³, 有效地提高了YBCO在外加磁下的超导性能。     

Comparison of radiation damage in lead tungstate crystals under pion and gamma irradiation

Studies of the radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals produced by the Bogoroditsk Techno-Chemical Plant in Russia and the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics in China have been carried out at IHEP, Protvino. The crystals were irradiated by a 40 GeV pion beam. After full recovery, the same crystals were irradiated using a ¹³⁷Cs γ-ray source. The dose rate profiles along the crystal length were observed to be quite similar. We compare the effects of the two types of radiation on the crystal's light output.     

Identification of the effect of grain size on levitation force of well-textured YBCO bulk superconductors

The levitation forces of samples with different grain size have been directly investigated and identified in well-textured YBCO bulks. A single-domain YBCO bulk of ∅30 mm was prepared by a top seeded melt growth process, then divided into two, three and four parts to acquire the levitation forces of samples with different grain size but with completely the same grain orientation. The maximum levitation force for the single-domain sample is about 1.68, 2.05 and 2.4 times higher than that of the samples with two, three, and four grain domains. It is directly confirmed that the levitation force of a single-domain YBCO bulk is much superior than that of samples with multiple domains. It is found that the levitation force is inversely proportional to the total length of grain boundaries of the corresponding sample.     

Effect of silver doping on optical property of diamond like carbon films

Optical properties of silver doped diamond like carbon films (Ag:DLC) deposited by the RF reactive sputtering technique were studied in detail. The chemical binding energy and the composition of the films were investigated by using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Optical transparency and optical band gap decreased with the silver incorporation to the DLC film. Optical band gap calculated from transmittance spectra decreased from 2.55 to 1.95 eV with a variation of Ag concentration from 0 to 12.5 at.%. Urbach parameter determined from the band tail of the transmittance spectra showed to increase with the doping concentration.     

Effects of gamma irradiation for sterilization on aqueous dispersions of length sorted carbon nanotubes

There is currently great interest in the potential use of carbon nanotubes as delivery vessels for nanotherapeutics and other medical applications. However, no data are available on the effects of sterilization methods on the properties of nanotube dispersions, the form in which most medical applications will be processed. Here we show the effects of gamma irradiation from a ⁶⁰Co source on the dispersion and optical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes in aqueous dispersion. Samples of different length-refined populations were sealed in ampoules and exposed to a dose of approximately 28 kGy, a level sufficient to ensure sterility of the dispersions. In contrast to literature results for solid-phase nanotube samples, the effects of gamma irradiation on the dispersion and optical properties of the nanotube samples were found to be minimal. Based on these results, gamma irradiation appears sufficiently non-destructive to be industrially useful for the sterilization of nanotube dispersions.     

Studies on microbridges of superconducting YBCO thin film

Critical current densities of the superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) films have been observed to decrease with the increase of power of microwave radiation. Presence of Josephson type of junctions in the microbridges has been established from the microwave irradiation and magnetic field studies. BCS energy gap parameter (2/kT _c ) has been calculated from thedI/dV characteristics and found to be 3.7 at 13 K.     

Directly ultraviolet photochemical deposition of silver nanoparticles on silica spheres: Preparation and characterization

A simple method was developed to directly deposit silver nanoparticles on the surface of silica spheres. The photochemical reduction was carried out by ultraviolet irradiation in air atmosphere at room temperature. The [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺was reduced to silver atoms upon ultraviolet irradiation. Silver atoms subsequently deposited on the surface of silica spheres and agglomerated into silver nanoparticles. Silica spheres with silver nanoparticles of different size and density can be simply controlled by adjusting the UV-light irradiation time. The silver nanoparticles deposited on silica spheres were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy.