福建省沼气发电建设探讨

沼气发电是一种清洁、环保、高效、同时也是提高沼气利用效率的有效方式。结合我省沼气资源情况及沼气发电技术,分析沼气发电建设的经济和社会效益,并提出相应的建设条件。     

福建省沼气发电建设探讨

沼气发电是一种清洁、环保、高效、同时也是提高沼气利用效率的有效方式。结合我省沼气资源情况及沼气发电技术,分析沼气发电建设的经济和社会效益,并提出相应的建设条件。     

沼气发电大有可为

沼气是一种资源丰富而又价廉的新能源。利用沼气发电可以缓解商品电的不足,具有良好的应用前景。山东省莱芜市中榆林村10千瓦沼气发电机组,自1984年8月运行以来,基本上满足了全村120户农民的全部生活用电和部分生产用电的需要,每年可节约电费4500元,8年累计节约燃油1.5万公斤,价值1.2万元。一、沼气发电机组的选用与改装目前沼气发电采用的机型大体有两种:一种是单燃料全烧沼气机型,这种机型一般功率较小,只有     

沼气湿法脱硫新工艺

沼气作为一种生物质能源,已广泛用于内燃机电站发电。但是,沼气中的H2S对内燃机的腐蚀,严重制约了内燃机的可靠使用。文章采用湿法脱硫技术对某养殖场沼气进行处理,并对脱硫前后的内燃机部件损耗进行了比较,证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。脱硫后的沼气中硫化氢浓度低于200 mg/m3,对沼气内燃机的应用具有良好的保护作用。     

沼气发电为社会主义新农村建设助力

沼气技术是运用生物化学方法对禽畜粪便和工业有机废水等进行处理的技术。由于其成本低廉，处理效果好，在实践中得到了广泛的应用。但是，单纯将沼气用于集中供气和供热，覆盖范围有限，可靠性也比较低。而将沼气作为发电燃料就地发电，发电量随沼气产生量变化灵活调整，可以使沼气得到充分利用。因此，近年来，在德国、丹麦等发达国家，     

沼气发电机组的开发利用

沼气机组发电符合当今发展循环经济,节约能源的时代要求,也会对缓解国内区域性能源紧张发挥重要作用。本文介绍了当前我国沼气生产、利用的现状,阐明了沼气的组成及其燃烧特性,论述了沼气发电机组的结构原理及其创新技术。     

沼气发电机组的开发利用

沼气机组发电符合当今发展循环经济,节约能源的时代要求,也会对缓解国内区域性能源紧张发挥重要作用.本文介绍了当前我国沼气生产、利用的现状,阐明了沼气的组成及其燃烧特性,论述了沼气发电机组的结构原理及其创新技术.     

畜禽粪便厌氧消化沼气发电行业的现状分析

介绍了大型养殖场畜禽粪便处理的必要性,分析了沼气发电的技术现状以及我国发展沼气发电所面临的困难,预测了我国畜禽粪便厌氧消化沼气发电的前景。     

水合物技术在沼气配送中的应用

我国沼气资源丰富,但是大量中小沼气工程受规模限制未能得到充分有效的利用,可通过高效收集方式将沼气集中后进行高值利用。文章介绍了一种可用于沼气配送的新方法——水合物配送技术,该技术具有储气能力强、安全性高、经济性和灵活性好等诸多优点,不但可以用于沼气配送,而且能对沼气进行分离提纯。通过对气体水合物技术基本原理、储运与提纯发展状况的分析,论述了该技术在我国沼气配送和提纯应用中的优势,并针对我国沼气分散、气量小的特点提出了沼气水合物特色配送路线。     

德国典型沼气发电技术及其借鉴

以5处沼气发电工程为例,介绍了德国典型的沼气发电技术,其普遍采用"混合厌氧发酵、沼气发电上网、余热回收利用、沼渣沼液施肥、全程自动化控制"的技术模式,通过该模式的实施,最终实现发酵原料的全方位综合利用;并通过电、热以及沼渣沼液的外售给工程运行带来收益,最终实现市场化运行。通过对此次考察相关情况的介绍与总结,以期为我国大中型沼气工程的发展提供一些借鉴。     

Australian coal mine methane emissions mitigation potential using a Stirling engine-based CHP system

Methane, a major contributor to global warming, is a greenhouse gas emitted from coal mines. Abundance of coal mines and consequently a considerable amount of methane emission requires drastic measures to mitigate harmful effects of coal mining on the environment. One of the commonly adopted methods is to use emitted methane to fuel power generation systems; however, instability of fuel sources hinders the development of systems using conventional prime movers. To address this, application of Stirling engines may be considered.Here, we develop a techno-economic methodology for conducting an optimisation-based feasibility study on the application of Stirling engines as the prime movers of coal mine CHP systems from an economic and an environmental point of view. To examine the impact of environmental policies on the economics of the system, the two commonly implemented ones (i.e. a carbon tax and emissions trading scheme) are considered. The methodology was applied to a local coal mine. The results indicate that incorporating the modelled system not only leads to a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, but also to improved economics. Further, due to the heavy economic burden, the carbon tax scheme creates great incentive for coal mine industry to address the methane emissions.     

基于AspenPlus的兆瓦级燃料电池分布式发电系统建模及仿真分析

  目的  燃料电池分布式发电技术是适应未来能源低碳化、清洁化、高效化发展趋势的重要应用方向。国内燃料电池电站项目较少,缺乏实际项目经验积累。为了推进燃料电池分布式电站技术的应用,文章概述了国内外应用现状,总结了高温燃料电池的优势与不足,调研了国内燃料电池建设应用案例,并建立了固体氧化物燃料电池与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池发电系统流程。  方法  经过文献调研与实地调研,确定了两种适合建设大型电站的燃料电池分布式发电技术,并利用AspenPlus化工模拟软件建立燃料电池系统流程模型、电化学模型和能量分析模型,并开展系统的性能仿真分析。  结果  分析结果与实际运行结果相吻合,分析预测的系统性能趋势与已有研究相一致。  结论  该仿真方法可用于兆瓦级高温燃料电池分布式发电系统的研究,可为扩大燃料电池应用规模提供数据支持。     

Fuel efficiency and emissions reduction of hydroxy added gasoline fuel using HydroBoost technology

In the present work, using the HydroBoost technology, performance and emission characteristics of HHO added Gasoline is investigated. HydroBoost technology offers longevity to cell and increases the efficiency as it requires less power to break the bonds of water. Achieving good emission characteristics using HydroBoost technology is still unexplored. In the present work, following the EPA protocols, a comprehensive analysis of Total Hydrocarbon (THC), Methane (CH₄), NO_x, CO₂, MPG emissions in four phases is performed. It is shown that harmful gas emissions are reduced in HHO added Gasoline in comparison to only Gasoline fuel. The stoichiometric air-fuel mixture has been achieved in the present work. BSFC (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) is reduced by up to 11% and the overall emissions of HHO added gasoline are reduced by up to 13% for CO₂, up to 72% for Total Hydrocarbons, up to 69% for Methane, up to 48% for NO_x in relation to bare Gasoline fuel. The present technology enables Hydroxy gas to be produced on board the IC vehicle without creating an undesirable amount of parasitic loss or hazard, which can be immediately deployed to lower both BSFC and emissions including greenhouse gasses such as CO₂.     

燃料电池——新的绿色能源

燃料电池是继火电、水电、核电之后的第四种连续发电方式,也有人称其为绿色能源或第四种发电技术。论述了燃料电池的工作原理,综述了各种类型燃料电池的发展状态,回顾了燃料电池的发展历程,提出燃料电池技术产业化的发展方向。     

Combined methane reforming by carbon dioxide and steam in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells for syngas/power co-generation

Methane and carbon dioxide mixture can be used as the fuel in a proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for power/syngas co-generation and greenhouse gas reduction. However, carbon deposition and low conversion ratio are potential problems for this technology. Apart from using functional catalytic layer in the SOFC to enhance CH₄ dry reforming, adding H₂O into the fuel stream could facilitate the CH₄ conversion and enhance the co-generation performance of the SOFC. In this work, the effects of adding H₂O to the CO₂CH₄ fuel on the performance of a tubular proton conducting SOFC are studied numerically. Results show that the CH₄ conversion is improved from 0.830 to 0.898 after adding 20% H₂O to the anode. Meanwhile, the current density is increased from 2832 A m⁻² to 3064 A m⁻² at 0.7 V. Sensitivity studies indicate that the H₂:CO ratio can be effectively controlled by the amount of H₂O addition and the H₂ starvation can be alleviated, especially at high current density conditions.     

燃料电池发电的电站应用

燃料电池作为一种高效稳定的分布式清洁能源,其发电技术在电站领域的应用备受关注,而国内燃料电池电站尚在起步阶段,因此对这一领域的研究和实践经验具有重要意义。基于韩国燃气轮机联合循环电站中燃料电池发电项目的实施,介绍了燃料电池的选型,并通过模拟运行确定了最佳余热回收方案。MCFC燃料电池额定发电效率为47%,余热回收后效率提高3.5%。这些经验将对国内未来燃料电池电站的建设起到参考和借鉴意义。     

分布式供能技术的发展现状与展望

在能源结构调整中，分布式供能技术引起了世界能源界的广泛关注，在国家大电站和电网能基本保证供电的情况下，分布式供能和中央电站供能的结合，对于保障国家供应和经济的发展将发挥重要作用。对分布式供能、分布式电力、分布式能源资源的概念进行了详细的说明，指出分布式供能技术就是以一些小型发电设备技术进步为依托，以靠近用户侧建立小型电站为主，并结合热电（冷）联产等应用拓展为前提的整体供能系统。对于该技术发展的经济和社会动力进行了分析说明，对分布式供能技术的特点、应用领域、涉及的主要技术内容和具体特性进行了介绍，最后对其发展前景进行了展望。     

船用燃料电池动力推进技术应用研究

燃料电池船舶电力推进技术是绿色船舶发展的重要方向,为拓展燃料电池技术在船舶领域内的应用,针对船用燃料电池电力推进系统开展相关研究。介绍了具有应用前景的两种燃料电池(质子交换膜燃料电池和固体氧化物燃料电池)的工作原理,基于船用燃料电池示范工程项目的分析,全面回顾和总结了燃料电池在船舶领域的研究现状和应用前景,并重点分析船用燃料电池电力推进系统的几种供电模式。基于大型远洋船舶的特点和燃料电池技术的现状,探讨了其运用的可行性和未来的突破方向。     

Production of enriched methane by a molten-salt concentrated solar power plant coupled with a steam reforming process: An LCA study

Enriched Methane is a gas mixture consisting of methane and a certain amount of hydrogen (10–30%vol) that finds out several applications such as fuel of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). To produce EM, a steam reforming reactor whose heat duty is supplied by a molten-salt stream heated up by a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant can be used, in order to generate the hydrogen steam by solar energy. In fact, molten salts at temperatures up to 550 °C can allow to reach the necessary thermal level inside the reactor to promote steam reforming reaction.     

The capacity credit of micro-combined heat and power

This article is concerned with development of a methodology to determine the capacity credit of micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP), and application of the method for the UK. Capacity credit is an important parameter in electricity system planning because it measures the amount of conventional generation that would be displaced by an alternative technology. Firstly, a mathematical formulation is presented. Capacity credit is then calculated for three types of micro-CHP units—Stirling engine, internal combustion engine, and fuel cell systems—operating under various control strategies. It is found that low heat-to-power ratio fuel cell technologies achieve the highest capacity credit of approximately 85% for a 1.1 GW penetration when a heat-led control strategy is applied. Higher heat-to-power ratio Stirling engine technology achieves approximately 33% capacity credit for heat-led operation. Low heat-to-power ratio technologies achieve higher capacity credit because they are able to continue operating even when heat demand is relatively low. Capacity credit diminishes as penetration of the technology increases. Overall, the high capacity credit of micro-CHP contributes to the viewpoint that the technology can help meet a number of economic and environmental energy policy aims.