新型硫代吖啶酮的合成及在PS版光敏涂层中感光性能的研究

合成了十种硫代吖啶酮，通过IR，UV，MS等分析方法，测定了产物的结构，并研究了10种不同结构硫代吖啶酮在光聚合型PS版光敏涂层中的感光特性，结果表明，含N－丁基硫代吖啶酮的涂层的感度最高。     

N,N,N-三甲基-1-金刚烷基季铵盐的合成

以金刚烷胺为原料,通过艾希魏勒-克拉克反应(Eschweiler-Clarke)合成了N,N-二甲基金刚烷胺,优化反应条件为金刚烷胺∶甲酸∶甲醛的摩尔比为1∶5∶4,反应时间为18h,温度为98℃,产物收率93.4%,进而合成了N,N,N-三甲基-1-金刚烷基季铵盐,产物收率90.5%,其结构经1H-NMR,13C NMR,MS和GC-MS表征。     

1-氨基-3-十二烷基-1，2，3-三唑硝酸盐的合成研究

以乙二醛、水合肼及溴代十二烷为原料,经加成-消除、环化、烷基化、复分解4步反应得到1-氨基-3-十二烷基-1,2,3-三唑硝酸盐。通过核磁、红外、质谱等分析手段对目标产物进行了结构表征。探索并优化了加成-消除、环化和烷基化反应条件。各步反应的最佳条件为：加成-消除反应中,n（水合肼）n（乙二醛）n（甲醇）＝319,70℃反应5 h,收率为90．3％;环化反应中,m（二氧化锰）m（乙二腙）＝21,20℃反应3h,收率为88．2％;烷基化反应中,n（1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑）n（溴代十二烷）＝11．5,80℃反应40h,收率为64．5％;复分解反应易进行且得率高,反应3．5h,产率为80．4％,目标产物总收率为41．3％。     

十六烷基芳基磺酸盐的合成与性质的研究

本文选用不同碳数直链脂肪酸与二氯亚砜（SOCl2）反应,生成的酰氯与邻二甲苯进行酰基化反应,得到中间体烷基二甲苯酮：烷基二甲苯酮与不同碳数的卤代烷制得的格氏试剂进一步反应得到十六烷基芳基叔醇;将烷基芳基叔醇分别进行还原反应,再以H2SO4Cl为磺化剂对烷基芳烃进行磺化得到十六烷基芳基磺酸,最后用NaOH的异丙醇水溶液进行中和,得到烷烃链碳数一定、芳基在烷烃链不同位置的C16-1～C16-8的八种十六烷基芳基磺酸钠。通过红外光谱对产物结构进行了分析,产物的特征峰存在,反应物的特征峰消失,说明合成的产物为目的产物,并讨论了十六烷基芳基磺酸钠表面活性剂的表面张力和界面张力性质。     

可聚合表面活性剂在RAFT乳液聚合中的作用机理

以可聚合表面活性剂甲基丙烯酰氧乙基十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(C12N+)为乳化剂,羧端基十二烷基三硫代酯(DMP)为可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)试剂,苯乙烯为单体,在不使用助稳剂条件下采用RAFT乳液聚合成功制备了聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒并对聚合机理及反应条件进行了初步研究。结果表明,C12N+乳化剂能在反应过程中参与单体共聚,形成的预聚物能起到助稳剂作用,反应温度以70℃为宜,产物平均粒径约为36nm,分子量分布小于1.5。     

对头孢匹胺合成工艺的研究

旧的探讨第3代头孢类抗菌药物——头孢匹胺的合成工艺。方法：以4-羟基-6-甲基-2-吡喃酮为原料合成（2R）-2-【（4-羟基-6-甲基-3-吡啶）甲酰胺基-2-（4-羟基苯基）乙酸,再与侧链（6R,7R）-3-[（-甲基-lH-四唑-5-基）硫基1-7-氨基-8氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4,2,0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸（7-ACA-MMT）反应合成得最终产品头孢匹胺。结果反应总收率为19．42％,化合物经过核共振氢谱（H-NMR）,红外图谱（IR）确证结构为头孢匹胺。结论：头孢匹胺的合成工艺确定增强了产率．提高了效率。     

3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷的合成研究

以3,3,3-三氟丙基三氯硅烷和甲醇为原料,采用溶剂法合成3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷,讨论了氮气流速、反应温度、原料配比、溶剂种类、滴加方式等因素对产物收率的影响.并用GC-MS对产物进行了分析.通过实验得出该反应较优的反应条件为:用正己烷作溶剂,N2流速为100mL/min,3,3,3-三氟丙基三氯硅烷和甲醇的摩尔比为1∶3.1,反应温度在70℃左右,3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基硅的产率可达89.4%.     

乙烯基三氯硅烷的醇解研究

研究了乙烯基三氯硅烷的醇解反应,合成了乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷,考察了不同溶剂、温度、N2流速、原料配比、投料方式等对产物收率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件.     

TMT(5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫代乙酸)的合成

TMT是一种重要的照相有机物中间体，可用于合成成色剂、防灰务剂、预灰化剂、稳定剂、增感剂、显影剂等方面，近年又广泛应用于医药、染料、农药等工业，本文介绍其合成方法。以二硫化碳、水合肼为原料，两步法合成5-巯基-1，3，4-噻二唑-2-硫代乙酸，该反应条件温和，操作简单，收率达到80％，适合工业化生产。并利用红外、质谱、液相色谱、元素分析对其进行了鉴定。     

TMT(5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫代乙酸)的合成

TMT是一种重要的照相有机物中间体,可用于合成成色剂、防灰务剂、预灰化剂、稳定剂、增感剂、显影剂等方面,近年又广泛应用于医药、染料、农药等工业,本文介绍其合成方法.以二硫化碳、水合肼为原料,两步法合成5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫代乙酸,该反应条件温和,操作简单,收率达到80%,适合工业化生产.并利用红外、质谱、液相色谱、元素分析对其进行了鉴定.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from