1.8MVA电炉硅铁取样方法初探

文中指出１．８ＭＶＡ硅铁电炉现行取样法存在的问题是，可信度低，代表性较差，综合精确度远低于国际标准和国家标准。欲使质量检验能切实指导生产，通过理论分析提出了增多份样点，增大份样量和增大产品批量的方案并通过了实践的验证。     

机器人在冶金行业精炼炉测温取样的应用

传统精炼炉工艺系统中采用人工测温取样方式，不仅效率低下，现场高温高粉尘、高噪声，还存在很大的安全问题，弊端较大。机器人在冶金行业精炼炉测温取样领域的应用可以解决这一问题，通过机器人测温取样系统完成自动测温取样系统等的安装，进行自动测温取样。本文主要研究电炉三车间精炼炉机器人测温取样项目的应用，包括其工艺改造施工、测试验收、运行问题及解决方案等，以期为机器人在冶金行业测温取样系统中的应用提供参考。     

炼钢钢质洁净度评价的全氧取样位置探讨

对评价炼钢钢质洁净度指标进行了探讨，重点对合理选取3种全氧取样位置进行了讨论与分析。提出了采用结晶器全氧量判断产品洁净度较中包样更具有准确性与代表性，在铸坯取样也较理想，但对于大生产而言，存在取样难度与检测周期问题。     

浅论建筑工程技术资料档案管理的常见问题和改进措施

结合工程施工，经常出现的一些问题，分析了几种建材的技术性能，并对土建施工过程中的材料试验、取样频率，砂浆、混凝土试块取样、制作、养护、试验龄期等过程中经常出现的普遍性问题提出了改进措施，同时对工程施工应注意事项进行了探讨。     

一般取样理论(之一)

不均匀物质的取样问题都是困难的.凭直觉和经验的解决办法很少是成功的.虽然取样理论不总是容易地应用到一个特殊的取样场所中,然而懂得了取样原理会避免大的差错以及会节省大量不必要的努力.     

新型水汽取样系统在热力系统中的研究与应用

针对原有水汽取样系统存在的问题进行研究分析，设计改造方案并实施，使用效果良好。     

论红岭铅锌矿的生产取样技术现状

本文对我国目前生产取样技术进行简单的分析,以红岭铅锌矿的生产取样原则和新技术作为重点研究对象,旨在通过本文章的研究,为推动我国铅锌矿取样技术发展,打下坚实的理论基础。     

固体物料取样方法的探讨

本文详细阐述了固体物料取样的理论,取样方法,取样布点及取样方法在各种固体物料取样中的应用。     

浅谈如何降低散装原料取样误差

通过对桃冲大山合格矿的取样测试，分析了取样误差的原因，提出了降低散装原料取样误差的措施。     

1^#、2^#焦炉配合煤自动取样效果的验证

焦化配合煤取样工作是做好配合煤分析的关键工作之一，为克服人工取样的缺点而采用自动装置取样，应用F检验对人工取样和自动取样的一致性进行验证，证明自动取样装置所取的配合煤试样完全能够满足GB／T475—1996《商品煤样采取方法》要求。     

Problem solving and learning.

A. Newell and H. A. Simon (1972) provided a framework for understanding problem solving that can provide the needed bridge between learning and performance. Their analysis of means–ends problem solving can be viewed as a general characterization of the structure of human cognition. However, this framework needs to be elaborated with a strength concept to account for variability in problem solving behavior and improvement in problem-solving skill with practice. The ACT* theory (J. R. Anderson, 1983) is such an elaborated theory that can account for many of the results about the acquisition of problem-solving skills. Its central concept is the production rule, which plays an analogous role to the stimulus–response bond in earlier learning theories. The theory has provided a basis for constructing intelligent computer-based tutoring systems for the instruction of academic problem-solving skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition.

Positive affect systematically influences performance on many cognitive tasks. A new neuropsychological theory is proposed that accounts for many of these effects by assuming that positive affect is associated with increased brain dopamine levels. The theory predicts or accounts for influences of positive affect on olfaction, the consolidation of long-term (i.e., episodic) memories, working memory, and creative problem solving. For example, the theory assumes that creative problem solving is improved, in part, because increased dopamine release in the anterior cingulate improves cognitive flexibility and facilitates the selection of cognitive perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Worry, problem elaboration and suppression of imagery: the role of concreteness

Both lay concept and scientific theory claim that worry may be helpful for defining and analyzing problems. Recent studies, however, indicate that worrisome problem elaborations are less concrete than worry-free problem elaborations. This challenges the problem solving view of worry because abstract problem analyses are unlikely to lead to concrete problem solutions. Instead the findings support the avoidance theory of worry which claims that worry suppresses aversive imagery. Following research findings in the dual-coding framework [Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and verbal processes. New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston; Paivio, A. (1986). Mental representations: a dual coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press.], the present article proposes that reduced concreteness may play a central role in the understanding of worry. First, reduced concreteness can explain how worry reduces imagery. Second, it offers an explanation why worrisome problem analyses are unlikely to arrive at solutions. Third, it provides a key for the understanding of worry maintenance.     

Testing two cognitive theories of insight.

Insight in problem solving occurs when the problem solver fails to see how to solve a problem and then-"aha!"-there is a sudden realization how to solve it. Two contemporary theories have been proposed to explain insight. The representational change theory (e.g., G. Knoblich, S. Ohlsson, & G. E. Rainey, 2001) proposes that insight occurs through relaxing self-imposed constraints on a problem and by decomposing chunked items in the problem. The progress monitoring theory (e.g., J. N. MacGregor, T. C. Ormerod, & E. P. Chronicle, 2001) proposes that insight is only sought once it becomes apparent that the distance to the goal is unachievable in the moves remaining. These 2 theories are tested in an unlimited move problem, to which neither theory has previously been applied. The results lend support to both, but experimental manipulations to the problem suggest that the representational change theory is the better indicator of performance. The findings suggest that testable opposing predictions can be made to examine theories of insight and that the use of eye movement data is a fruitful method of both examining insight and testing theories of insight. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A theory of reservation-dwelling American Indian alcohol use risk.

The authors present a theory for understanding risk for problem drinking among reservation-dwelling American Indians. The theory offers an overall framework for understanding the risk process for this group. It considers the distinction between factors that influence mean levels of American Indian problem drinking and factors that influence individual differences in American Indian drinking. It proposes important contextual differences between reservation-dwelling American Indians and Caucasians that may help explain the higher mean levels of American Indian problem drinking. The theory further holds that, within the high mean level of problem drinking characteristic of many American Indian reservations, individual differences in problem drinking can be explained by very similar personality and learning factors as those that influence problem-drinking levels for other ethnic groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Self-awareness theory, family history of alcoholism, and adolescent alcohol involvement.

A recent psychological theory (Hull, 1981) suggests that alcohol use may be motivated by a desire to avoid painful states of self-awareness. Highly self-aware individuals who are receiving failure feedback are hypothesized to use alcohol to reduce their awareness of negative self-relevant information. However, data in support of this theory are derived largely from laboratory studies of adult populations. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the theory in predicting adolescent drinking behavior in the natural environment. The studies also examined the ability of the model to account for phenomena of clinical importance, namely, indicators of adolescent problem drinking and drinking among high-risk adolescents (offspring of problem drinkers). Results showed that adolescent drinking was predictable as a function of demographic variables, self-awareness, failure feedback, and a family history of alcohol abuse. However, the predictions of self-awareness theory were not supported. The results are interpreted with regard to describing boundary conditions within which self-awareness theory is useful in explaining alcohol consumption. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ionic conductivity of hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic porous powder electrodes

The theory of electrical conductivity of porous media partially filled with electrolyte is considered, taking into account both the geometrical and percolation nature of the pore structure. The theoretical analysis demonstrates the possibility by applying the nodes problem of percolation theory to model capillary equilibrium in hydrophobic electrodes.     

步进梁式加热炉钢坯跑偏原因分析及控制

针对步进梁式加热炉钢坯跑偏问题,深入剖析步进机构运行控制原理,系统分析造成钢坯跑偏的各种原因,并结合现场实际,提出相应改进措施.     

Interaction context theory: The interdependence and mutual exclusivity of observation and action.

Argues that social science has not achieved the pre-eminence of physical science because it lacks a theory of social dynamics. To overcome this problem and prepare for a future of interacting agents, a theory is sketched of the social statics and dynamics in interaction contexts. The boundary limits of cognitive science are established and a theory that maps between objective and subjective reality is provided. By determining the relationships between perceived and actual situations and behaviors, interaction context theory has the potential to advance our knowledge of human behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The analysis of problems and prediction of group problem solving.

The time to solve a multiple-stage problem is the sum of the times consumed by separate stages. If each stage is a random all-or-none process, then time to complete a stage is an exponentially distributed random variable, and time to complete the problem will have a gamma distribution (under suitable simplifying assumptions). From this theory, the number of stages in a problem can be estimated and goodness-of-fit tested. Results on 3 word puzzles, administered to 178 individual college students, agreed with theory, and the estimates of number of stages in each problem agreed well with independent judgments of number of stages. The same problems also were administered to groups of 4 Ss. The data suggest that all Ss progress at their usual pace toward solution, except that an S who made a mistake in interpreting the problem consumes and wastes his share of the group's time. This result agrees with the additional observation that the apparent social structure of the groups, as determined from analysis of sociometric choices, was equalitarian. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)