基于滤波反投影的脑磁感应迭代重建算法研究

颅脑磁感应断层成像技术(BMIT)是一种非接触、无创的新兴颅脑医学成像技术,图像重建算法是提高重建图像质量的关键。依据BMIT反投影算法和迭代算法,设计出一套基于滤波反投影的脑磁感应迭代重建方法。首先根据滤波反投影重建算法原理,给出初始电导率分布,其次基于电导率变化敏感性加权计算滤波反投影矩阵,最后利用一步牛顿迭代构成滤波反投影迭代重建算法,通过设置理想条件数G来修正Hessian矩阵,改善重建过程的病态程度,并对待重建数据进行标准化位置校正处理。实验结果表明,该算法成像速度快,重建出的图像具有较高分辨率,能够准确反映成像区域内仿真病变的大小及位置信息,且轮廓清晰,为颅脑磁感应断层成像技术应用于临床监护奠定了基础。     

基于全变分法重建光声图像

针对光声成像在实际应用中涉及的采样数据不足,提出了一种基于全变分法的光声图像重建方法。通过计算重建图像的模拟信号与实际信号的残差来更新图像,进行迭代以获取重建图像。在迭代重建的过程中引入压缩传感理论中的全变分法,通过梯度下降法得到全变分最小的图像。通过数值仿真,模拟了在不足采样情况下的图像重建。结果表明,全变分重建法的重建效果比滤波反投影法、反卷积重建算法及代数重建算法等3种方法更好。在30个采样点的情况下,重建图像的峰值信噪比值比上述3种算法的重建结果分别高出30.98,22.09和8.35 dB。另外,仿体实验结果也表明该方法能更有效地避免噪声的干扰。     

基于差分吸收光谱技术的大气痕量气体重建算法

针对在一些不能获取大量投影数据或者投影分布不均匀的实际情况下,重建大气痕量气体的二维空间分布问题,采用代数迭代重建算法(ART)和同步迭代重建算法(SIRT)2种重建算法对其进行重建。通过数值模拟的方式对2种重建算法的重建效果进行了比较研究,并建立了多轴差分吸收光谱层析系统,进行了外场试验。通过计算机模拟和外场实验研究,从成像效果中可以看出,2种迭代算法均能在数据不完善的情况下,精确地重建出大气痕量气体的二维空间分布;在不同的模型及评价指标下,通过对2种重建算法的重建误差的比较,可以发现SIRT算法的重建误差要小于ART算法的重建误差,尤其在测量数据波动比较大、受干扰的情况下。     

一种图像配准的超分辨率重建

提出了一种具有子像素级精度的图像配准方法,并通过迭代反投影算法进行超分辨率重建.介绍了基于3参数模型的图像配准方法并提出了基于4参数模型的图像配准方法,由于没有直接将旋转角度参量引入到运动模型中,有效地避免了原方法中泰勒级数展开时的小角度假设.最后,根据配准算法所得到的子像素级运动信息,用迭代反投影算法进行超分辨率重建.分别对多幅具有较大运动的模拟及真实的低分辨率图像进行实验,结果表明:该配准算法取得了更高的精度,平均平移误差减少了0.026 1 pixel ,平均旋转角度误差减少了0.356 4°;重建图像具有更好的视觉效果,平均PSNR值提高0.75 dB.本文方法可以被广泛地应用于相互间主要存在平移和大角度旋转的多幅低分辨率图像的大倍数超分辨率重建,可满足实际应用要求.     

射线源平移扫描 CT 解析重建算法研究

微焦CT通过圆周扫描可对处于视场内的物体实现高分辨力成像。针对超出视场的大物体CT成像,一种射线源平移扫描CT(STCT)被提出。STCT采用射线源直线运动的方式采集投影数据,具有结构简单、应用灵活等特点。由于在STCT扫描过程中,每个位置的射线只能照射到部分物体,投影数据存在截断。为了提高重建效率和处理截断投影数据,提出了基于数据重组的滤波反投影重建算法(rFBP),该算法基于STCT扫描特性和X射线衰减性质,通过对置射线源采样点与探测器像元,将截断投影数据重组为全局投影数据,并在此基础上推导了rFBP算法表达式。仿真和实物实验结果验证了rFBP算法的有效性与实用性,重建时间综合缩短至SIRT算法的0.6%。rFBP算法能避免截断伪影,准确、高效地重建STCT图像。     

基于反投影的MIT动态图像重建方法研究

磁感应断层成像(magnetic induction tomography,MIT)是一种无创、非接触的新型医学成像技术,图像重建算法是实现MIT快速、精确成像的关键.提出一种改进的反投影图像重建算法,首先根据成像区域的磁场分布,由磁力线确定反投影路径,降低了直线反投影用于磁场成像的定位误差;其次根据MIT电磁关系推导,构建了边界检测数据的修正模型,据此对边界相位差数据进行修正处理,进一步提高了重建图像定位准确性;最后分别对成像区域内扰动目标电导率大小变化及位置变化2种情况,构建了序列重建图像,对该图像序列联合分析获取纵向阻抗变化信息,反映了成像体随时间变化的动态信息.实验结果表明该算法具有重建速度快、定位准确的特性,能够准确反映成像区域内部电导率变化,结合序列图像联合分析实现MIT动态成像.     

双跨孔距超声兰姆波层析成像无损检测重排算法研究

针对滤波反投影重建算法不能直接重建双跨孔距的兰姆波数据,提出了在滤波反投影重建之前将采集的兰姆波数据重排成平行束数据,以满足重建条件。首先介绍了滤波反投影算法及重排算法,然后采用双跨孔距结构对有缺陷的铝板进行超声兰姆波检测,通过提取S0模态的走时数据,得到铝板中的双跨孔距结构兰姆波投影数据。最后,将投影数据重排后进行滤波反投影重建成像。重建结果表明,通过对投影数据的重排可以实现双跨孔距结构兰姆波检测的滤波反投影重建成像,得到缺陷的基本信息。     

管壁长弦投影数据截断问题的迭代重建算法

计算机断层成像(CT)可用于管状物的无损检测.当管壁较厚而射线能量较低时,会产生管壁长弦投影数据截断问题.联合代数重建算法(SART)易于处理投影数据截断问题,但是该方法用于管壁长弦投影数据截断问题后,其重建结果仍存在灰度渐变的伪影.为了提高重建图像的质量,将基于Chan-Vese (C-V)活动轮廓模型的重建图像分段常数化修正引入到SART算法中,得到了带分段常数化修正的SART重建算法(PCC-SART).实验结果表明,该算法收敛速度快、精度高、稳定性好.     

粒子滤波算法在ECT图像重建中的应用

针对电容层析成像技术(ECT)的图像重建质量精度较低的问题,提出了一种基于粒子滤波的ECT图像重建方法。首先,分析了ECT图像重建基本原理,以系统状态估计的方式描述了ECT图像重建最优解的搜索过程,并建立了状态空间模型。然后,以线性反投影(LBP)算法的图像重建结果作为初始状态,利用测量信息对从状态空间中获取的随机样本进行最优加权,以获得重建图像的最小方差估计。最后,对5种不同的流型进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明,利用本文方法获得的重建图像误差平均值为42.93%,相关系数平均值为0.813 9,比LBP算法、Landweber迭代算法和IMN-SNOF算法得到的相应指标要好。本文方法是一种有效、精度较高的ECT图像重建方法,为ECT图像重建技术提供了新的途径和手段。     

改进正则化半阈值算法的 ECT 图像重建

针对电容层析成像技术应用于工业多相流管道检测时,图像重建中存在的不适定性、病态性问题,提出一种改进正则化半阈值算法。以L1/2范数为惩戒函数,改进求解L1/2范数所用的半阈值迭代算法中的阈值算子,并以加入加速项的Landweber算法解向量为修正向量,引入改进半阈值正则化模型,优化加速Landweber算法。实验的结果表明,改进正则化半阈值算法在重建图像中相关系数平均达0.91,图像误差平均降至0.21,成像速度保持0.04 s。复杂流型辨识中,改进算法比Landweber迭代算法相关系数提高21.67%,相对误差降低37.01%;比Tikhonov正则化算法相关系数提高22.61%,相对误差降低37.08%;比半阈值算法相关系数和误差分别提高14.85%和降低28.26%。结果表明改进正则化半阈值算法对ECT研究有较好应用前景。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.