纳米结构Bi2Te3基热电材料的溶剂热合成

本文评述了近年来溶剂热合成纳米结构Bi2Te3的研究进展，重点讨论了合成过程中的化学反应和晶体生长机制，特别是Bi2Te3纳米管的合成、形成机制和组织结构特征．介绍了含纳米结构Bi2Te3的Bi2Te3基同质纳米复合结构热电材料，其热电优值ZT达到1．25，远高于基体材料，也超过目前的块状先进Bi2Te3基热电材料．     

机械球磨-热压法制备Bio.5Sb1.5Te3热电材料

用机械球磨-热压法制备了Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3热电材料,分别研究了机械球磨时间对合成Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3合金相的影响和烧结温度对其热电性能的影响.结果表明Bi、Sb、、Te原始混合粉末高能球磨10 h以后,就可以完全合金化,生成Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3相.球磨10h的粉末分别在400、450和520℃下热压烧结成型,烧结样品的密度随烧结温度的增大而增加,Seebeck系数和电阻率随烧结温度的升高而降低     

Bi2Te3与SnBi2Te4的电子结构与热电性能研究

用离散变分密度泛函分子轨道方法(DFT-DVM)和线性扩展平面波能带方法(LAPW)计算了Bi2Te3与SnBi2Te4,讨论了电子结构与热电性能之间的关系.Te(Ⅱ)-Bi离子键强度和Te(Ⅰ)-Bi差别不大,而Te(Ⅱ)-Bi共价键比Te(Ⅰ)-Bi强.Te(Ⅰ)-Te(Ⅰ)原子层之间的主要相互作用是范得华力而最弱.Bi2Te3掺Sn后Te-Bi离子键增强而共价键减弱,且费米能级处带隙变小.Sn主要影响导带结构.     

湿化学法制备纳米Bi2Te3基热电材料的研究进展

Bi2Te3基热电材料是室温下性能最好的热电材料。传统块体Bi2Te。基热电材料的热电性能不高,而纳米Bi2Tes基热电材料可以实现电、声输运特性的协同控制,从而提高材料的热电性能。介绍了几种纳米Bi2Te3。基热电材料不同的湿化学制备方法,比较了各种方法的优缺点,并展望了其发展方向。     

放电等离子烧结制备的Bi2Te3／Sb2Te3复合材料的热电性能

研究了用低温湿化学法和水热法制备纳米级的Bi2Te3和sb挪e3颗粒，并通过透射电镜观察其微观形貌。Bi2Te3粉末的微观形貌为直径在30-50n之间的片状小颗粒，而sb2Te3颗粒的微观形貌为薄带状，直径约为70nm，长度则为从150-300nm不等，并对其晶体的形核和长大机理进行了讨论。认为，纳米小颗粒状的Bi2Te3晶体可能是通过“表面形核和侧向生长”形成的产物，而薄带状的sb2Te3晶体可能是在Te块解体形成的条带状碎屑基础上形成的。用放电等离子烧结法（spark plasma sintering）制备不同比例的Bi2Te3／Sb2Te3块状复合材料，测量并比较了其热电性能。通过改变Bi2Te3的量，可以提高复合材料的电性能。成分不同的层片间的散射，能更有效地降低块体材料的热导率。在500K的温度下，Bi2Te3和sb2Te3以摩尔比为1：1复合烧结的试样的热导率低达0．7W／（m·K）。进一步优化Bi2Te3和sb2Te3的复合比例，其热电性能可能会有进一步的提高。     

一维Bi2Te3基纳米材料的制备、结构控制与热电性能

热电材料的低维化可以改善材料电输运与热传输的矛盾,特别是一维纳米热电材料明显的晶体各向异性和强烈的量子禁闭效应,可大幅度提高材料的热电优值和热电转换效率。Bi2Te3是制造低温热电材料的最常用材料,在温差发电和半导体制冷方面具有广阔的商业应用前景。以一维Bi2Te3基纳米热电材料的制备技术为评述线索,重点论述一维Bi2Te3基纳米热电材料形貌参数(包括直径、长径比)、晶面取向等微观结构的调控方法、生长机理以及显微结构对热电性能的影响规律。指出发展新的一维Bi2Te3基纳米热电材料结构控制方法,研究一维纳米热电材料的定向排布及组装技术,从更深层次揭示一维结构与热电性能的关系,以及开发一维Bi2Te3基纳米热电材料在各领域的实际应用是未来研究的发展方向。     

块体Bi2Te3基热电材料性能优化及最新进展

在分析块体Bi2Te3基热电材料性能优化设计思路的基础上,重点探讨了成分优化、结构优化、合成优化及成型优化中提高块体Bi2Te3基热电材料性能的方法。提出了一套值得探讨的优化设计方案,展望了Bi2Te3基热电材料在温差发电和半导体制冷领域颇具潜力的应用前景。     

SPS法制备Bi_2Te_3基热电合金的热电性能

用粉末冶金工艺结合SPS烧结制备了p型(Bi0.2Sb0.8)2Te3和n型Bi2(Te0.975Se0.025)3多晶半导体合金,研究烧结工艺对其热电性能的影响.结果表明,室温下,p型(Bi0.2Sb0.8)2Te3材料的热电优值Z为3.25×10<'-3K<'-1,n型Bi2(Te0.975Se0.025)3材料的热电优值Z为2.21×10<'-3K<'-1.     

Bi2Te3基热电薄膜材料的制备方法研究

Bi2Te3基热电材料由于在微电子、光电子等高技术领域具有潜在的应用前景,从而得到了人们的广泛关注.低维Bi2Te3基热电材料由于具有特殊的量子限制效应,已成为提高热电性能的有效途径.近年来,研究者非常重视Bi2Te3基热电薄膜的制备及性能研究,并做了大量相关的研究工作,许多制备方法也相继出现,并获得了高质量的Bi2Te3基热电薄膜.     

稀土Gd对热压烧结Bi_2Te_3基材料热电性能的影响

稀土元素对Bi2Te3基材料热电性能的影响一直是Bi2Te3基热电材料研究的热点。本文研究了不同Gd掺杂量Bi2Te3基热电材料的热压烧结工艺参数,运用XRD,SEM方法对材料的物相成分和形貌进行了表征,研究了20MPa下不同Gd掺杂对Bi2Te3基材料的载流子浓度、电导率、Seebeck系数的影响。研究结果表明,Gd掺杂没有明显改变Bi2Te3基材料的晶体结构,适量的Gd掺杂有利于减小载流子浓度、提高Bi2Te3基材料的热电性能。     

Supramolecular Chiral 2D Materials and Emerging Functions

Chiral materials are widely applied in various fields such as enantiomeric separation, asymmetric catalysis, and chiroptical effects, providing stereospecific conditions and environments. Supramolecular concepts to create the chiral materials can provide an insight for emerging chiro-optical properties due to their well-defined scaffolds and the precise functionalization of the surfaces or skeletons. Among the various supramolecular chiral structures, 2D chiral sheet structures are particularly interesting materials because of their extremely high surface area coupled with many unique chemical and physical properties, thereby offering potential for the next generation of functional materials for optically active systems and optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, relatively limited examples for 2D chiral materials exhibiting specific functionality have been reported because incorporation of molecular chirality into 2D architectures is difficult at the present stage. Here, a brief overview of the recent advances is provided on the construction of chiral supramolecular 2D materials and their functions. The design principles toward 2D chirality and their potential applications are also discussed.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备HMX-AP-SiO_2纳米复合含能材料

以正硅酸乙酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备奥克托金(HMX)-高氯酸铵(AP)-SiO2纳米复合含能材料,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析、BET比表面积等方法对其结构进行表征。结果表明,HMX-AP-SiO2纳米复合含能材料是以SiO2为凝胶骨架,HMX与AP进入凝胶孔洞形成的,其具有纳米网孔结构;差热分析表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的复合材料的热分解峰温度较物理混合相比大大提前,分解热高于物理混合物。     

Multistimuli Response Micro‐ and Nanolayers of a Coordination Polymer Based on Cu2I2 Chains Linked by 2‐Aminopyrazine

A nonporous laminar coordination polymer of formula [Cu₂I₂(2‐aminopyrazine)]_n is prepared by direct reaction between CuI and 2‐aminopyrazine, two industrially available building blocks. The fine tuning of the reaction conditions allows obtaining [Cu₂I₂(2‐aminopyrazine)]_n in micrometric and nanometric sizes with same structure and composition. Interestingly, both materials show similar reversible thermo‐ and pressure‐luminescent response as well as reversible electrical response to volatile organic solvents such as acetic acid. X‐ray diffraction studies under different conditions, temperatures and pressures, in combination with theoretical calculations allow rationalizing the physical properties of this compound and its changes under physical stimuli. Thus, the emission dramatically increases when lowering the temperature, while an enhancement of the pressure produces a decrease in the emission intensity. These observations emerge as a direct consequence of the high structural flexibility of the Cu₂I₂ chains which undergo a contraction in Cu? Cu distances as far as temperature decreases or pressure increases. However, the strong structural changes observed under high pressure lead to an unexpected effect that produces a less effective Cu? Cu orbital overlapping that justifies the decrease in the intensity emission. This work shows the high potential of materials based on Cu₂I₂ chains for new applications.     

Dielectric properties of nanophase Ag2HgI4 and Ag2HgI4-Al2O3 nanocomposites

The dielectric properties of nanophase Ag₂HgI₄ and Ag₂HgI₄-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites at different frequencies have been studied over a temperature range covering the stability range of β phase of Ag₂HgI₄ and beyond the β to a phase transition temperature. έ′, tan δ and σ_a.c. of nanophase Ag₂HgI₄ and Ag₂HgI₄-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites were found to be larger than the reported values for polycrystalline pellets of Ag₂HgI₄. The dielectric properties of the nanocomposites were found to be a function of the wt.% of nano alumina. The observed changes are attributed to the grain boundary properties of nanophase materials and to the microsize space charge effects.     

Er2O3掺杂Gd2(Zr0.8Ti0.2)2O7陶瓷的物理性能

用固相反应法制备(Gd_1-xEr_x)₂(Zr_0.8Ti_0.2)₂O₇(摩尔分数x=0,0.2,0.4)陶瓷并测试其晶体结构、显微形貌和物理性能,研究了Er₂O₃掺杂的影响。结果表明,(Gd_1-xEr_x)₂(Zr_0.8Ti_0.2)₂O₇陶瓷具有立方烧绿石结构,显微结构致密,在室温至1200℃高温相的稳定性良好;Er³⁺掺杂降低了陶瓷材料的热导率和平均热膨胀系数,当x=0.2时,其1000℃的热导率最低(为1.26 W·m^-1·k^-1)。同时,Er³⁺掺杂还提高了这种材料的硬度和断裂韧性。     

Magnetic properties of ball-milled TbFe<Subscript>2</Subscript> and TbFe<Subscript>2</Subscript>B

The magnetic properties of ball-milled TbFe₂ and TbFe₂B were studied by magnetization measurements. X-ray diffraction studies on TbFe₂B showed that boron occupied interstitial position in the crystal structure, just as hydrogen did. The value of the saturation magnetization of TbFe₂B was found to be smaller than that of TbFe₂. This is explained on the basis of a charge transfer between the boron atoms and the 3d band of Fe. The anisotropy of TbFe₂B was found to be large compared to that of TbFe₂. X-ray diffractograms for the ball milled samples showed that after 80 h of milling, a predominantly amorphous phase was obtained. TbFe₂B was found to undergo easy amorphization compared to TbFe₂. Magnetization of TbFe₂ was found to decrease rapidly with initial milling hours and was found to be constant with further hours of milling. TbFe₂B exhibited an anomalous behaviour with an increase in moment with milling hours and this may be due to the segregation of α-Fe.     

Room-Temperature Synthesis of 2D Janus Crystals and their Heterostructures

Janus crystals represent an exciting class of 2D materials with different atomic species on their upper and lower facets. Theories have predicted that this symmetry breaking induces an electric field and leads to a wealth of novel properties, such as large Rashba spin–orbit coupling and formation of strongly correlated electronic states. Monolayer MoSSe Janus crystals have been synthesized by two methods, via controlled sulfurization of monolayer MoSe₂ and via plasma stripping followed thermal annealing of MoS₂. However, the high processing temperatures prevent growth of other Janus materials and their heterostructures. Here, a room-temperature technique for the synthesis of a variety of Janus monolayers with high structural and optical quality is reported. This process involves low-energy reactive radical precursors, which enables selective removal and replacement of the uppermost chalcogen layer, thus transforming classical transition metal dichalcogenides into a Janus structure. The resulting materials show clear mixed character for their excitonic transitions, and more importantly, the presented room-temperature method enables the demonstration of first vertical and lateral heterojunctions of 2D Janus TMDs. The results present significant and pioneering advances in the synthesis of new classes of 2D materials, and pave the way for the creation of heterostructures from 2D Janus layers.