冷变形时效对Ni36CrTiAl合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了Ni36CrTiAl合金冷轧后经650,670,700和720℃时效以及950℃固溶再进行650℃时效处理对组织与性能的影响.结果表明：随冷变形后时效温度的升高,胞状γ＇相长大明显,650℃时效后胞状γ＇相的直径为30～60 nm,720℃时效后为60～140 nm;冷变形后时效析出的胞状γ＇相比固溶后时效析出的数量多,尺寸大;冷变形后时效合金的强度和塑性随时效温度的升高而下降;固溶时效后的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别比冷变形时效降低了26.2%和45.3%,但断后伸长率却增加了1.2倍.     

铸锭枝晶间距和冷变形量对Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金显微组织和硬度的影响

采用中频感应炉与高频感应炉制备了枝晶间距分别为11,18,23,50μm的Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金铸锭,并依次进行了均匀化退火处理、固溶处理、冷变形和时效处理,研究了铸锭枝晶间距和冷变形量对合金显微组织和硬度的影响。结果表明:试验合金铸锭的显微组织均为明显的树枝状组织;经均匀化退火及固溶处理后,铸锭枝晶间距越小的合金组织也越趋于均匀;冷变形量越大,合金中的晶粒变形越严重,且经400℃时效后合金中的黑色不连续脱溶产物越早析出,时效硬度峰也越早出现;在相同的冷变形量下,铸锭枝晶间距越小的合金中黑色不连续脱溶产物越晚析出,且时效硬度峰越晚出现。     

过共晶高硅铝合金固溶工艺因素的优化

通过理论分析和相关试验,对过共晶Al-25Si合金固溶处理阶段的主要工艺因素(如温度、时间)进行了优化,并研究和探讨了其对合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明,固溶处理工艺为510℃×6h时可以获得最佳的固溶处理效果,此时,初、共晶硅及Mg2Si等均获得了最大的固溶度,形态分布得到改善.同时,合金硬度随固溶时间的延长呈现先降后升趋势,在6h时达到最低值99 HBW,相比固溶前降幅超过15％,获得饱和度最大的过饱和α-Al固溶体,成为时效强化作用最大化的先决条件.     

铝含量对TB5钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用两次真空自耗熔炼技术制备了亚稳定β型TB5钛合金,研究了铝含量对固溶处理(800℃×10 min)和固溶时效处理后(800℃×10 min+540℃×8h空冷)合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:当铝含量(质量分数)在2.8%～3.2%时,固溶后合金的显微组织基本相同,固溶+时效后不同成分合金的组织也没明显差异;随铝含量增多,不同状态合金强度均先升后降;韧性变差;铝含量为3.0%的合金具有最高的强度,固溶+时效态抗拉强度为1 300.0 MPa,伸长率为8.8%。     

影响Cu-Ni-Si合金时效效果的因素分析

对Cu-3．2Ni-0．75Si-0．3Zn合金的时效工艺进行了正交试验，结果发现，各因素对合金导电率和显微硬度影响程度的主次顺序为：时效温度〉合金状态〉时效时间。综合分析后认为，该舍金热轧板材经60％冷变形后，可直接时效而省去固溶处理。析出相的体积分数、颗粒半径、颗粒间距分别是该合金时效初期、中期和后期影响强化效果的主要因素，因而在时效过程中该合金分别遵循3个不同的强化规律。     

固溶时效处理过程中Mg-Ce合金中稀土相的分布变化规律

以纯镁和Mg-30 C e中间合金为原料铸造铈质量分数为1％的Mg-C e合金,并进行420℃×8 h固溶和200℃×20 h时效处理,研究了不同状态时合金中稀土相分布的变化规律.结果表明:铸态、固溶态和时效态合金中的稀土相均为Mg12 Ce;铸态合金中的稀土析出相分布不均匀,以晶界处析出为主,晶粒内析出为辅,且析出相...     

固溶时效对Inconel718合金组织和力学性能的影响

对Inconel718合金进行了(9201 060℃)×1.5h+(650850)℃×(610)h的固溶时效处理,研究了固溶温度和时效温度、时间对合金组织和力学性能的影响,并获得了较理想的固溶时效工艺。结果表明:时效处理后,合金的硬度较固溶态的明显提高;随固溶温度升高,奥氏体晶粒长大,δ相逐渐溶解,较适宜的固溶温度为1 000~1 020℃;随时效时间延长,合金中析出相的弥散强化效果更佳,屈强比提高显著;在1 000~1 020℃固溶+750℃×10h时效处理后,合金的力学性能最佳,抗拉强度超过1 200 MPa,室温冲击吸收功超过120J,硬度超过310HV10。     

固溶时效工艺参数对TA19钛合金显微组织 与拉伸性能的影响

对TA19钛合金进行不同温度(930,960,990℃)固溶2h+不同温度(550,590,630℃)时效8,16h热处理,研究了工艺参数对显微组织与拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:不同温度固溶+590℃时效8h处理后,随着固溶温度的升高,试验合金中的等轴α相含量降低,抗拉强度增大。经960℃固溶2h处理后,试验合金的组织由等轴α相和α′马氏体组成,在后续550℃时效8h过程中,α′马氏体分解不充分,颗粒状α相含量较少,合金抗拉强度增加有限;当时效温度升高到590℃,时效时间分别为8,16h时,组织中析出细小弥散的颗粒状α相,抗拉强度提高;继续升高时效温度至630℃时,α相粗化,抗拉强度又有所下降。     

铅-钙-锡-铝合金固溶后时效过程中的不连续脱溶与再结晶行为

采用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、EDS能谱仪和显微硬度计等研究了Pb-0.05%Ca-1.5%Sn-0.026%Al(质量分数)合金经不同工艺固溶后在100℃时效过程的不连续脱溶与再结晶行为。结果表明:该合金经不同工艺固溶后晶粒尺寸均约为1 000μm;经270℃保温30 min后空冷+310℃保温30 min水冷固溶(A工艺)再时效35 h后的晶粒细化至300～400μm,经270℃保温30 min水冷(B工艺)再时效12 h后的晶粒细化至60μm;由于不连续脱溶组织形核、生长使原有晶粒细化,实现了不借助塑性变形的再结晶;在不同固溶工艺下,合金时效时发生不连续脱溶所需保温时间及晶粒细化的程度也不同;随保温时间延长,A工艺处理合金的硬度曲线出现两处峰值,二次硬化相均为(PbSn)3Ca,B工艺处理合金的硬度曲线无规律可循,且细晶组织不稳定。     

时效工艺对Cu-1.9Be-0.25Co合金析出行为的影响

对Cu-1.9Be-0.25Co合金进行780℃×4 h固溶处理与不同温度(300,320,340,360℃)和不同时间(1,2,4,8,16 h)的时效处理,研究了时效工艺对合金析出行为的影响规律.结果表明:获得峰时效的时效工艺为320℃×8 h,此时合金的硬度为422 HV;在320℃时效过程中合金析出相的演变规律为亚稳γ″相→半共格γ'相→非共格γ平衡相;时效初期(1～2 h)析出相短时间内大量析出是合金硬度快速升高的主要原因,时效中期(2～8 h)析出相与铜基体的半共格关系是获得峰时效的主要原因,时效后期(8～16 h)析出相和基体脱离半共格关系,合金发生过时效,硬度降低.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.