Removal of anionic ions from single material solution by bauxite tailings modified with FeCl3·6H2O

The adsorbabilities of the unmodified and modified bauxite tailings for Cr（Ⅵ）, As（Ⅴ） and F（Ⅰ） ions were investigated. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the removal rate as a function of adsorbent dosage, solution pH value and shaking time. The results show that the maximum removal rates of Cr（Ⅵ）, As（Ⅴ） and F（Ⅰ ） are respectively 99%, 99% and 90% by using the modified bauxite tailings. The isoelectric point of the unmodified bauxite tailings is 3.6, and that of the modified bauxite tailings is 5.0, which shifts to lower pH values in Cr（Ⅵ） solution. This indicates a specific adsorption of the anionic species on the modified bauxite railings. A new band of Cr2O72 appears in the FTIR, showing that Cr（Ⅵ） is adsorbed on the modified bauxite railings in the form of chemistry adsorption. The adsorption data of Cr（Ⅵ） on the modified bauxite tailings are well described by Freundlich model. The investigations of kinetic models show that pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best correlation for the experimental data.     

Removal of organic matter from H2TaF7 solution by adsorption

The removal of organic matter from H2 TaFT solution by adsorption was investigated in order to reduce the carbon content in the K2TaF7 crystal. Three kinds of adsorbent, LSA-5 resin, LSA-20 resin and active carbon were applied in the fixed bed respectively. Experimental results indicate that LAS-5 resin, LAS-20 resin, the mixture of LAS-5 resin and LAS-20 resin(with volume ratio of 1：1), and the active carbon can all reduce chemical oxygen demand(COD) value of the H2TaF7 solution, and reduce consequently carbon content of K2TaF7 crystal to 0.0010%-0.0015% from 0.002 5%-0.0030%. Comparing with the others, the active carbon is an approved adsorbent whose bed volumes of effluent reaches 70. In addition, there is a linear relationship between the COD value of H2TaF7 solution and the carbon content in K2TaF7 crystal, and the carbon content in K2TaF7 crystal decreases with the decreasing of COD value of H2TaF7 solution. When the COD value of H2TaF7 solution is lower than 7 mg/L, the carbon content in K2TaF7 crystal would decrease to less than 0. 001 5%.     

Removal of organic matter from H_2TaF_7 solution by adsorption

1　INTRODUCTIONIn the process of tantalum powder production,the organic matter in H2TaF7 solution can enter in to K2TaF7 crystal by adsorbing or enwrapping inthe crystallizing step[1, 2], thus rendering conse quently a higher carbon content of the tantalumpowder as a result. Impurity elements in the tanta lum powder, such as carbon, can influence thequality of the tantalum powder enormously, espe cially to the capacitor grade tantalum powder, re ducing the break…     

The influence of Ce(NO3)3·6H2O on the inhibitive effect of Ca(NO2)2 in simulated concrete pore solution

The effects of cerium nitrite on corrosion behaviors of carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solutions were studied with the methods of linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface analysis. In pore solutions in the presence of Ce(NO3)3?6H2O, the corrosion potential, polarization resistance and impedance of carbon steel obviously increased in contrast to the situation in the absence of cerium salts. The pore solution with [NO2-] / [Cl-] = 0.3 and 0.1% Ce(NO3)3?6H2O, carbon steel shows better corrosion resistance than that in the pore solution with [NO2-] / [Cl-] = 0.6, which indicates that a small amount of Ce(NO3)3?6H2O in pore solutions can effectively promote passivation of the steel and reduce the threshold [NO2-] / [Cl-] ratio for corrosion control. The surface layer formed in cerium salt containing pore solutions is more compact and smooth and 1.36%Ce is examined on the sample surface. The addition of 0.1% Ce(NO3)3?6H2O in pore solutions can decrease the corrosion rate of steel in pore solutions and has little influence on pH change of the solutions. However, more cerium nitrate addition above 0.1% may result in pH decrease of the solution.     

Adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions by carbon nanotubes grown on microsized Al2O3 particles

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were grown on the surface of microsized Al2O3 particles in CH4 atmosphere at 700℃ under the catalysis of Fe-Ni nanoparticles. The CNTs on Al2O3 were used for adsorbing Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ from the solution and the results were compared with active carbon powders, commercial carbon nanotubes, and Al2O3 particles. The as-grown CNTs/Al2O3 have demonstrated extraordinary absorption capacity with further treatment or oxidation, as well as hydrophilic ability that other CNTs lacked. The adsorption capacity of CNTs on Al2O3 is superior to other adsorbents and the preference order of adsorption on composite Al2O3 is pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Cd^2＋. It seemed that the adsorption of those Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ did not change the surface properties of composite particles. The adsorption behaviors of Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ by CNTs on Al2O3 match well with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and the second order kinetic model. The calculated saturation amount adsorbed by 1 g of CNTs on Al2O3 are 67.11, 26.59, and 8.89 mg/g for Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, and Cd^2＋ in single adsorption test, respectively.     

Pore structure of new composite adsorbent SiO_2·_xH_2O· yCaCl_2 with high uptake of water from air

The adsorption/desorption property of adsorbent is crucial to the performance and efficiency of a system of extracting water from atmosphere. Several kinds of adsorbent can adsorb water vapor in air, such as molecular sieve and silica gel. But their equilibrium uptake is not high. The authors have prepared a new composite adsorbent——SiO2·xH2O·yCaCl2, which is composed of macro-porous silica gel and calcium chloride. The preparation process is as follows: immerge macro-porous silica gel …     

Preparation of Fe-Al Intermetallie /TiC-Al2O3 Ceramie Composites from llmenite by SHS

Fe-Al intermetallic/TiC-Al2O3 ceramic composites were successfully prepared by selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS） from natural ilmenite, aluminium and carbon as the raw materials. The effects of carbon sources, preheating time and heat treatment temperature on synthesis process and products were investigated in detail, and the reaction process of the FeTiO3-Al-C system was also discussed. It is shown that the temperature and velocity of the combustion wave are higher when graphite is used as the carbon source, which can reflect the effect of the carbon source structure on the combustion synthesis; Prolonging the preheating time or heat treatment temperature is beneficial to the formation of the ordered intermetallics; The temperature and velocity of the combustion wave are improved, but the disordered alloys are difficult to eliminate with the preheating time prolonged. The compound powders mainly containing ordered Fe3Al intermetallic can be prepared through heat treatment at 750 ℃.     

金属磷酸盐Al8P2O16（OH）4C3N2H6·H2O的水热合成及晶体结构

采用水热合成的方法,在酸性条件下合成出一个三维微孔化合物Al8P2O16（OH）4C3N2H6·H2O并对其进行了X射线单晶衍射的测定,晶体学数据为：Imma空间群,a=18．655（2）nln,b=8．5370（10）nm,c=13．2196（16）nm,V=2105．3（4）nm^3,a=90°,Z=2,R1=0．0937。     

Ni(NO3)2·6H2O的热分解机理及非等温动力学参数

利用DSC-TG热分析技术,研究了Ni(NO3)2.6H2O的热分解过程和非等温动力学参数。在N2气氛下,线性升温速率为10℃.min-1时,Ni(NO3)2.6H2O在200℃以前失去4个水分子,然后脱去硝酸,形成碱式盐,最后碱式盐分解生成NiO。动力学研究确定,由碱式盐分解生成NiO的反应属于Avrami-Erofeev的成核和核成长为控制步骤的A1机理,热分解的表观活化能182.3~232.7 kJ.mol-1,lnA41.69~43.1。     

Comments on ＂Adsorption behavior of heavy metal ions by carbon nanotubes grown on microsized Al2O3 particles＂

Recently,Hsieh and Horng[1]published the paper entitled as above.In section 3—results and discussion, the authors mentioned the first and the second order kinetic models without any quotations.In fact these two kinetic models have been published[2-5].In or- der to distinguish a kinetics model based on the ad- sorption capacity of a solid from the one based on the concentration of a solution,Lagergren's first-order rate equation has been called pseudo-first-order[6-7]. The Lagergren's equation has been widely cited,but there are far more mistakes made in the quotation and in the reference section of papers,including the title,     

Leaching Stability of Simulated Waste Forms for Immobilizing An3＋ by Gd2Zr2O7 with Nd3＋

In order to investigate the anti-leaching capability of pyrochlore Gd2Zr2O7 immobilized An3+, trivalent neodymium was used as the simulacrums for radioactive wastes with trivalence, Gd2-xNdxZr2O7(0.0x 2.0) series samples were successfully synthesized by high temperature solid reaction and using Gd2O3, Zr O2 powders as starting materials. The experiments of long-term chemical stability were conducted in synthetic seawater at 40 and 70 ℃. The XRD diffractive data and extraction ratio of as-received samples were collected with the help of X-ray diffraction(XRD) instrument and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMass). The results indicate that the phases of as-received compounds keep the single phase of pyrochlore. The extraction ratio of Gd3+, Zr4+ and Nd3+ in waste forms is increasing with the increase of immersion time in synthetic seawater. The extraction ratio of waste forms at 70 ℃ is higher than at 40 ℃. The highest extraction ratio of Gd3+, Zr4+ and Nd3+ after 42 days is near 0.025 8, 0.003 8 and 0.045 2 μg·m L-1, respectively.     

[ChCl-3EG]／CrCl3·6H2O离子液体中电沉积铬镀层的研究

以氯化胆碱（ChCl）、乙二醇（EG）和CrCl3·6H20制备的[ChCl—3EG]／CrCl3·6H2O低共熔溶剂型离子液体为电解液,在镍基阴极上电沉积出黑铬镀层．采用冰点测定仪、旋转式黏度计、电导率仪分别测定了该离子液体的熔点、黏度和电导率,以线性扫描伏安法测得[ChCl-3EG]离子液体的电化学窗口为3．22V．[ChCl-3EG]／CrCl3·6H2O离子液体的循环伏安曲线表明Cr^3＋的电化学还原经历Cr^3＋→Cr^2＋和Cr^2＋→Cr^0两步还原反应,起始还原电位分别为-0．26V和-1．06V,且两步均为不完全可逆过程;以电流密度为20mA／cm。于50℃下进行恒电流电沉积30min,对阴极沉积物的XRD和XPS测试表明,镀层成分铬原子百分比为Cr80．94％、Cr20319．06％．sEM和AFM测试表明,在[ChCl—3EG]／CrCl3·6H2O离子液体中可电沉积出平整、致密、无裂纹、表面粗糙度为5．56nm的黑铬镀层,电沉积铬的电流效率约为65．8％．     

Low pressure synthesis of boron nitride with (C_2H_5)_2O·BF_3 and Li_3N precursor

1　INTRODUCTIONIn the binary boron nitride system, there areusually 4 crystalline polymorphs which are hexa gonal boron nitride ( h BN), cubic boron nitride(c BN), rhombohedral boron nitride ( r BN) andwurtzitic boron nitride ( w BN ), respectively.However, there is also a crystalline polymorph,orthorhombic boron nitride ( o BN)[1], which isoften ignored by many researchers. Boron nitridehas 2 mainly structural types including hexagonaland cubic b…     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Organic Inorganic Hybrid Compound [Co（dien）2]（dienH3）（H3O）7[P2Mo5O23]2·14H2O

A new compound,[Co（dien）2]（dienH3）（H3O）7[P2Mo5O23]2·14H2O, has been hydrothermallly synthesized by using Na2MoO4,CoCl2, H3PO4 and dien, and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, SEM, IR and TG analysis. The results show that the compound is composed of a polyanion [P2Mo5O23]2^12, complex [Co（dien）2]^2＋ cation, protonated [dienH3]^3＋ , and forteen crystallization water molecule.     

Thermal Hydrolysis Synthesis and Characterization of Monoclinic Metahewettite CaV_6O_(16)·3H_2O

Monoclinic metahewettite CaV 6 O 16 ·3H 2 O has been fabricated via thermal hydrolysis of calcium vanadate(Ca 10 V 6 O 25). High purity calcium vanadate precipitate, featuring column structure with surface area of 8.61 m2/g, can be obtained by reacting sodium orthovanadate(Na 3 VO 4) with calcium oxide at 90 ℃ for 2 h. By acidifi cation of calcium vanadate in hot water at pH of 1.0-3.0, the monoclinic metahewettite crystals with uniform particle distribution, layered structure and nonporous structure can be fabricated. With the well crystallized layered structure, CaV 6 O 16 ·3H 2 O may be a potential cathode material for secondary batteries as well as super capacitor materials.     

Fabrication of an r-Al2Ti intermetallic matrix composite reinforced with α-Al2O3 ceramic by discontinuous mechanical milling for thermite reaction

In this study, a powder mixture with an Al/TiO2 molar ratio of 10/3 was used to form an r-Al2Ti intermetallic matrix composite （IMC） reinforced with α-Al2O3 ceramic by a novel milling technique, called discontinuous mechanical milling （DMM） instead of milling and ignition of the produced thermite. The results of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） of samples with varying milling time indicate that this fabrication process requires considerable mechanical energy. It is shown that Al2Ti-α-Al2O3 IMC with small grain size was produced by DMM after 15 h of ball milling. Peaks for γ-TLA1 as well as Al2Ti and Al2O3 are observed in XRD patterns after DMM followed by heat treatment. The microhardness of the DMM-treated composite produced after heat treatment was higher than Hv 700.     

Crystal Growth of[Ca_3Al(OH)_6?12H_2O]_2·(SO_4)_3?2H_2O (Ettringite) Studied Under Microgravity Conditions

On parabolic flights,the growth of ettringite,[Ca_3Al(OH)_6·12H_2O]2·(SO_4)_3·2H_2O,a major reaction product of cement with water which forms instantaneously,was crystallized under microgravity conditions and studied.In the experiments,Ca(OH)_2/Al_2(SO_4)_3 solutions were combined and reacted for 10?s,followed by immediate filtration of the suspension and subsequent quenching with acetone.For the ettringite crystals,the size,aspect ratios,quantity and morphology were determined and the results were compared with those from identical experiments performed under terrestric gravity.Under microgravity,generally smaller crystals (l-2.9 μm) precipitated in larger amount than under normal gravity (l-3.5 μm).The aspect ratios of the crystals grown under terrestric or microgravity condition were comparable at about 5.6.It is assumed that the reason for the smaller ettringite crystals is the absence of convection leading to more initial nuclei,but slower crystal growth which is diffusion limited.Apparently,no preference relative to the ion transport to the different faces of the crystals exists.The results contribute to the understanding of the mineralization of inorganic salts under microgravity conditions for which hitherto only a handful of examples were reported.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Formation Mechanism of Friedel’s Salt（FS:3CaO·A12O3·CaCl2·10H2O） by the Reaction of Calcium Chloride with Sodium Aluminate

The synthesis of Friedel’s salt(FS: 3Ca O·A12O3·Ca Cl2·10H2O) by the reaction of calcium chloride with sodium aluminate was investigated. Factors affecting the preparation of Friedel’s salt, such as reaction temperature, initial concentration, titration speed, aging time and molar Ca/Al ratio were studied in detail. XRD, SEM images and particle size distribution show that the reaction temperature, aging time and molar Ca/Al ratio have significant effect on the composition, crystal morphology, and average particle size of the obtained samples. In addition, the initial Ca Cl2 concentration and Na Al O2 titration speed do not significantly influence the morphology and particle size distribution of Friedel’s salt. With the optimization of the operating conditions, the crystals can grow up to a average size of about 28 um, showing flat hexagonal(or pseudohexagonal) crystal morphology. Moreover, two potential mechanisms of Friedel’s salt formation including adsorption mechanism and anion-exchange mechanism were discussed. In the adsorption mechanism, Friedel’s salt forms due to the adsorption of the bulk Cl- ions present in the solution into the interlayers of the principal layers, [Ca2Al(OH-)6·2H2O]+, in order to balance the charge. In the anion-exchange mechanism, the free-chloride ions bind with the AFm(a family of hydrated compounds found in cement) hydrates to form Friedel’s salt by anion-exchange with the ions present in the interlayers of the principal layer, [Ca2Al(OH-)6· 2H2O]+-OH-.     

Pore structure of new composite adsorbent SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>·<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis>H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O· <Emphasis Type="Italic">y</Emphasis>CaCl<Subscript>2</Subscript> with high uptake of water from air

A new composite adsorbent SiO₂·xH₂O·yCaCl₂ which is composed of macro-porous silica gel and calcium chloride is introduced. In order to analyze its adsorption theory, adsorption and desorption isotherms, BET surface areas, pore volumes and average pore diameters of macro-porous silica gel and four composite adsorbent samples with different CaCl₂ content are measured using SEM and Asap2010 apparatus. From the adsorption isotherms, desorption isotherms and lag loops, it can be deduced that the main pore structure in macro-porous silica gel and the new composite adsorbent have two shapes: taper with one top open and taper or hyperbolic taper with both ends open. Based on the analysis of pore diameter distribution and lag loop, a sketch map showing calcium chloride filled in pore of macro-porous silica gel is presented. The adsorption isotherms at 25°C are measured. Experimental results show that the new composite adsorbent can adsorb more water than common adsorbents (macro-porous silica gel, micro-porous silica gel and synthetic zeolite 13X). In the light of the results of pore structure, adsorption isotherms and lyolysis phenomenon are analyzed.