中频逆变高频PWM电子束焊机高压电源

设计一种中频逆变高频PWM电子束焊机高压电源装置,装置将由高频PWM脉冲驱动的逆变器产生的中频交流电送入中频高压变压器,通过高压整流滤波器、高压放电扼流电路后得到纹波系数小、运行稳定的高压输出,同时故障判别电路对高压电源实时监控,当出现异常时,实现快速截止保护。实验结果表明,这是一种调节速度快、效率较高的电子束焊机高压逆变电源装置。     

A high-voltage power supply based on a distributed capacitive energy storage

For the corpuscular plasma heating in the MST plasma device (Madison, United States), an injector of hydrogen atoms with 25-keV energy, equivalent at omic current of >45 A, and 20-ms pulse duration was designed and put into operation at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk, Russia) in 2009. The pulse repetition rate is 5 min. The output current of the ion source in the atomic injector exceeds 50 A. A high-voltage source with a 1.5-MW power was design ed for the high-voltage powering of the atomic injector. The run duration of the power supply with rated characteristics is >20 ms. The power supply is based on a distributed capacitive energy storage, which allows the power consumption from the industrial network to be reduced down to 10 kW at a pulsed load power of 1.5 MW. The high-voltage power supply smoothly regulates the output voltage from 0 to 30 kV and is capable of being quickly deenergized if high-voltage breakdown of the load takes place. The diagram and structural components of the high-voltage power system of the atomic injector are described, and its test results are given.     

A high-voltage power supply of the neutral beam injector

For corpuscular heating of plasma in the FRC plasma plant (USA), six injectors of hydrogen atoms with a 40-keV particle energy, a 25-A equivalent current, and an operation duration of >1 s are designed, manufactured, and put into operation at the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk). For the high-voltage powering of the neutral beam injectors, unique 40-kV high-voltage sources with a 1.7-MW power are designed and manufactured. They have a wide output voltage regulation range and are capable of being promptly switched-off in response to the high-voltage breakdown of the load. The high-voltage power pupplies of the neutral beam injectors are the subdivided rectifiers with a discretely regulated output voltage, and a specific feature of the circuit is the use of additional fast semiconductor switches, short-circuiting the outputs of the rectifying sections. The design circuit and elements are described, and test results of the high-voltage power supplies of the neutral beam injectors are given.     

A High-Power Semiconductor Generator for an Atomic Injector

An atomic injector with a beam power of 1 MW for heating plasma in the TCV tokamak (Lausanne, Switzerland) by a beam of neutral atoms was developed and put into operation in 2015–2016 at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (Novosibirsk). Plasma in the injector is formed in a plasma emitter by a high-frequency magnetic field, which is created by a high-power semiconductor generator with an output power of 40 kW at a frequency of 4 MHz. The facility operates in the pulse mode with a pulse duration of 2 s and a pause of 5 min. The generator is manufactured in the form of a modular system consisting of 16 identical generator modules, whose high-frequency power is summed, control modules, and a power-supply source. The generator allows modulation of the output power in the range of 30–100% by changing the power-supply voltage. The general structure of the generator and its elements and the results of its commissioning are presented.     

两种高压变压器次级连接方案的研究

对在高压直流电源制作中采用的两种高压变压器多次级连接方案作了分析,给出了两种变压器结构的等效模型,为高压直流开关电源的设计与制作提供了依据。     

Commissioning of heating neutral beams for COMPASS-D tokamak

Two neutral beam injectors have been developed for plasma heating on COMPASS-D tokamak (Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague). The 4-electrodes multihole ion-optical system with beam focusing was chosen to provide the low divergence 300 kW power in both deuterium and hydrogen atoms. The accelerating voltage is 40 kV at extracted ion current up to 15 A. The power supply system provides the continuous and modulated mode of the beam injection at a maximal pulse length 300 ms. The optimal arrangement of the cryopanels and the beam duct elements provides sufficiently short-length beamline which reduces the beam losses. The evolution of the impurities and molecular fraction content is studied in the process of the high voltage conditioning of the newly made ion sources. Two injectors of the same type have been successfully tested and are ready for operation at tokamak in IPP, Prague.     

基于PowerEsim的开关电源的高频变压器设计

高频开关电源中,变压器受更多寄生参数的影响,对开关电源的影响也越来越大。因此,高频开关电源设计时,高频变压器的设计是重中之重。本文对高频变压器的设计进行了分析,应用PowerEsim软件对变压器的参数进行了优化,提高了开关电源的效率。     

A Compact High-Voltage Power Supply for an Accelerating Installation

A compact high-voltage power supply for an accelerating installation that uses high-frequency (25 kHz) voltage conversion is described. The power supply provides a variable voltage of 5 to 100 kV at a load current of up to 250 A and three independently variable voltages of 0–100 V (100 mA), 0–2000 V (5 mA), and 1–15 kV (50 A), which are required for operating the cold-cathode ion source used in the installation. The output-voltage ripple is <0.05%. The power-supply efficiency is no less than 70%.     

一种10kW/50kV电子束焊机用高压电源

介绍电子束焊机对高压电源的技术要求,针对高压直流电源存在的问题,研制了一种基于谐振的高频逆变的大功率高压直流电源;从主电路、驱动电路等给出电源的设计过程。最后,给出实验结果,表明研制的电源能够达到10kW,50kV的输出。     

Broad beam sources of fast molecules with segmented cold cathodes and emissive grids

Experimental study of fast neutral atom and molecule beam sources with rectangular and circular cross-section of the beam up to 0.8 m² is carried out and the study results are presented. The fast particles are produced as a result of charge exchange collisions between gas molecules and ions accelerated by potential drop between the plasma emitter of the beam source and the secondary plasma inside the processing vacuum chamber. As the emitter is used a glow discharge plasma, whose electrons are confined in an electrostatic trap formed by a cold hollow cathode and an emissive grid, which is negative both to the cathode and to the chamber. In order to prevent from breakdowns between the emitter and the cathode at a current in the cathode circuit up to 10 A as well as between the emitter and the grid at a voltage between them up to 10 kV the cathode and the grid are composed of isolated from each other segments, which are connected to power supplies through resistors. When resistance of the resistorR > U/I ₀, where U is the power supply voltage and I ₀ is the minimal current of stable vacuum arc for a given segment material, then transition from the glow discharge to the steady-state vacuum arc is totally excluded in spite of numerous breakdowns of microsecond duration due to contamination of the source electrodes during its operation with dielectric films and other stimulants of the arc.     

一种新型低功耗小型高压电源

介绍一种新型低功耗小型高压电源，该电源采用全集成化电路设计。由振荡电路产生脉冲方波推动开关电路，采用自举升压电路，提高高压变压器的初级电压。脉冲高压经高压变压器升压整流后，可得到需要的稳定直流高压，对于正高压，在高压升压电路后采用倍压整流，用直接取样反馈方式来凋整输出高压，使高压更趋稳定。该电源具有功耗低、体积小、重量轻、绝缘性能好等特点，而且输出高压连续可凋。电源的正负高压输出值分别为：正高压0～＋50kV、负高压0～-25kV。可用于小功率X光管供电和其他相关科学研究及野外作业。     

Use of the focusing multi-slit ion optical system at RUssian Diagnostic Injector (RUDI)

The upgrade of the diagnostic neutral beam injector RUDI in 2010 was performed to increase the beam density at the focal plane in accordance with the requirements of charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostics. A new focusing ion-optical system (IOS) with slit beamlets and an enlarged aperture was optimized for 50% higher nominal beam current and reduced angular divergence with respect to the previous multi-aperture IOS version. The upgraded injector provides the beam current up to 3 A, the measured beam divergence in the direction along the slits is 0.35°. Additionally, the plasma generator was modified to extend the beam pulse to 8 s.     

Stabilization of the phase-space portrait parameters of a hydrogen ion beam

This investigation carried out variations in the transverse phase-space portrait of an ion beam during a 200-μs pulse of a proton injector in the linear accelerator at the Institute for Nuclear Research. The parameters of the accelerated 400-keV beam at the entrance into the beam transport channel and the beam from the ion source were measured. Numerical simulation of ion-beam acceleration in the proton injector was performed. The noiseless mode of beam generation in the duoplasmatron was obtained. The generator of the duoplasmatron discharge current with a discharge current instability of ±1% or less was developed and put into operation. A compensated resistive-capacitive voltage divider was used in the accelerating tube. The beam emittance measurements showed that the variations in the phase-space portrait of the beam from the upgraded injector during the 200-μs pulse were absent within the measurement accuracy. The normalized emittance for 90% of the beam current was 0.15π × cm × mrad at an ion current of 65 mA.     

First plasma of megawatt high current ion source for neutral beam injector of the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak on the test bed

High current ion source is the key part of the neutral beam injector. In order to develop the project of 4 MW neutral beam injection for the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) on schedule, the megawatt high current ion source is prestudied in the Institute of Plasma Physics in China. In this paper, the megawatt high current ion source test bed and the first plasma are presented. The high current discharge of 900 A at 2 s and long pulse discharge of 5 s at 680 A are achieved. The arc discharge characteristic of high current ion source is analyzed primarily.     

Compact electron-beam source for formation of neutral beams of very low vapor pressure materials

An electron-beam heater and associated power supply have been developed for use in formation of metal vapors for neutral beam studies. The device is small with relatively low power (250 W). It is easily constructed and designed such that the target surface is normal to the direction of propagation of the neutral beam. Beams of tantalum atoms and carbon particles have been formed using the device.     

100kV输出的2kW直流高压电源

介绍一种 10 0kV输出的 2kWDC高压电源。它以晶闸管变流和以变压器升压实现高压输出 ,而且 ,电压可连续调节。     

Characteristics of a fast neutral atom source with electrons injected into the source through its emissive grid from the vacuum chamber

In order to increase the equivalent current of a fast neutral atom beam the cold hollow cathode of the beam source is bombarded with electrons extracted from the plasma produced in the vacuum chamber and accelerated in the sheath between the plasma emitter of the source and its emissive grid. The cold cathode bombardment by accelerated electrons raises its electron emission current by an order of magnitude and as a result voltage U _c between the anode and the cathode of the source diminishes more than two times. This allows of increasing several times the beam equivalent current or decreasing the working gas pressure. A slight decrease in the U _c with increasing the accelerating voltage U at an overall cutoff of the electrons from the chamber reveals the influence of secondary electrons emitted by the grid. Measurement of the beam current is discussed.     

Optical spectroscopy of plasma of the radio-frequency emitter of a powerful fast neutral beam injector

For studying entries of impurities into thermonuclear plasma, when injecting heated neutral beams, the spectroscopic diagnostics intended for promptly monitoring the plasma composition of the radiofrequency (RF) emitter of the powerful fast neutral beam injector is designed. The analysis of plasma radiation spectra allowed us to determine the rotational temperature of the neutral hydrogen and estimate the oxygen-to-carbon impurity ratio in the RF emitter. In this work, the long-term dynamics of the neutral oxygen line brightness is studied, and the influence of the discharge chamber ageing and warming-up on the impurity content is determined.     

离子风空气加速器的电源设计

针对电压微小波动对离子风空气加速器负载放电特性影响的问题,设计了一款特殊的高压电源.电源的硬件电路设计包括主控制电路、功率场效应管(MOSFET)的驱动和保护电路、采样反馈电路、高压升压电路和多倍压整流电路;软件设计包括主控芯片PIC的系统配置、脉宽调制(PWM)占空比及频率设定、主程序及中断子程序流程图.最后,通过M...     

电流源型高压隔离驱动电源研究

研究了一种应用于高压环境下的隔离驱动电源拓扑结构。采用半桥逆变或全桥逆变拓扑提供高频输入电压,提高对输出要求的适应性; 采用谐振网络获得稳定恒流源; 利用高压电缆线外绝缘材料的绝缘性实现高电压等级的隔离,以串联多输出的方式达到多路输出的目的。给出了电流源型高压隔离驱动电源的结构,并对变换器的组成和工作原理进行分析。根据参数设计要求对电流源型高压隔离驱动电源进行了仿真实验,得到一台单个支路输出10 V/0.5 A的高压隔离驱动电源仿真模型,结果证明具有良好多输出特性,验证了驱动电源结构的有效性。