TiO2对高C3S熟料烧成的影响

通过外掺TiO₂来改善高C₃S熟料的烧成.配制7个生料样品,其潜在矿物组成均为w(C₃S)=75%、w(C₃A)=7%、w(C4AF)=18%,TiO₂掺量分别为0、05%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%,在设定的高温下煅烧成熟料,通过化学分析、XRD、SEM/EDS等方法,研究了TiO₂对熟料易烧性、矿相形成、C₃S晶体形貌和熟料强度等的影响.结果表明,掺入少量TiO₂明显提高了熟料的易烧性;当TiO₂掺量小于2%时,f-CaO随TiO₂掺量的增加而显著降低;当TiO2掺量超过2%后,f-CaO随TiO₂掺量的变化不大;当TiO₂掺量达到3%时,在1 350和1 400 ℃温度煅烧的熟料中均发现了CaO·TiO₂新相;掺2%TiO2在1 400℃煅烧条件下的熟料,TiO₂在C₃S中的固溶量约1.7%;掺入适量的TiO₂,熟料中C₃S结晶比较完整、均匀,熟料强度较高.适当掺入TiO₂对改善高C₃S熟料的烧成和提高其强度都是有利的.     

Effect of CuO on the burnability and mineral formation of high C3S cement clinker

The effect of CuO on the clinkering process and mineral structure, components and morphology of high C3S cement clinker was studied. One reference mixture was prepared according to the potential mineral phase components C3S=75%, C3A=7%, C4AF=18% and then was mixed, respectively, with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 4% CuO. All samples were heated at a rate of 10°C/min to the design temperatures and then maintained for 40 min. Analyses by the glycerol-ethanol method, XRD and SEM-EDS show that the minimum of free lime (f-CaO) content was related to temperature and CuO amount. The higher the temperature, the lower the amount of CuO corresponding to the f-CaO minimum content. CuO promotes the formation and growth of C3S and C4AF and a new compound is found. In addition, these phenomena are discussed theoretically. In conclusion, CuO alters the burnability and the formation and structure of C3S in a high C3S cement system.     

Effect of CaCO3 on hydration characteristics of C3A

Hydration products and morphology characteristics of C₃A (tricalcium aluminate)-CaCO₃-H₂O system were studied by means of XRD, DSC, FTIR spectrum analysis and SEM. The results indicate that, the new phases, i.e., C₃A·0.5CaCO₃·0.5Ca(OH)₂·11.5H₂O and C₃A·CaCO₃·11H₂O are found in this system due to the activity of CaCO₃; the formation of C₄AH₁₃ and C₂AH₈ is prohibited and the generation of C₃AH₆ is delayed in the early hydration process. C₃A·0.5CaCO₃·0.5Ca(OH)₂·11.5H₂O is not stable and will be totally transferred within 24 h; C₃A·CaCO₃·11H₂O exists stably once formation, and its flake-like crystalline phases in the early hydration transform to long rod shape, and to finally fine-needle at 28 d.     

氧空穴对二氧化钛/磷酸银光催化活性的影响机制

采用磷酸银与具有可见光吸收能力的TiO_2基光催化剂相复合的方法,对带有氧空穴的二氧化钛(TiO_2-OV)的复合磷酸银光催化材料的性能进行了研究.采用光处理法成功制备出了具有可见光吸收能力的氧空穴二氧化钛材料,利用化学吸附法成功制备出了磷酸银/氧空穴二氧化钛复合光催化剂.透射电镜结果显示,磷酸银纳米颗粒均匀分散于氧空穴二氧化钛表面,形成结构完美的复合光催化剂;光催化降解罗丹明B实验结果表明,所制备的磷酸银/氧空穴二氧化钛复合光催化剂的光催化活性明显优于磷酸银光催化材料.     

多因素对地下污水厂H2S与NH3浓度的影响

依托现场实验测试,采用二阶正交数值仿真实验,以脱水机房为例,分析了温度、湿度及排风量对地下污水厂H₂S和NH₃浓度的影响,并提出了一种结合污染水平和排风能耗的综合评价指标。分析结果表明,脱水机房H₂S和NH₃浓度受温度和排风量交互效应影响显著（p<0.05）。在20℃时脱水机房内H₂S和NH₃浓度最低,比35℃时污染水平降低2.5倍,综合评价指标计算结果显示,在2.7次换气次数下综合评价指标较小,K值为4.5。对于处理量为10万t/d的污水厂,换气次数低于2.7次脱水机房的恶臭浓度偏高,高于2.7次排风能耗过大,取2.7次换气次数范围最为合理。     

KBrO3协同载贵金属TiO2光催化降解阿莫西林

为提高二氧化钛光催化去除阿莫西林的效率,利用光沉积法制备了载贵金属TiO₂催化剂 (M／TiO₂,M为Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Ir、Pt或Au),研究紫外光(365 nm)下KBrO₃协同M／TiO₂光催化降解阿莫西林的活性,并以KBrO₃协同Rh／TiO₂研究实验条件对催化活性的影响．结果表明：M／TiO₂光催化降解阿莫西林的催化活性与贵金属的功函数密切相关;KBrO₃对不同M／TiO₂光催化降解阿莫西林的反应均具有很好的协同效果;在Rh载量为0.1％(质量分数)、催化剂质量浓度为0.15 g／L、KBrO₃浓度为0.5 mmol／L、溶液pH为5的条件下,20 mg／L的阿莫西林溶液90 min光催化降解率达100％,且该反应符合一级反应动力学模型．     

Synthesis of C3S by sol-gel technique and its features

Sol-gel method is a technique to synthesize inorganic materials based on wet-chemical reaction theory. The results have shown that reactants tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O can form sol and gel in solution at 50–60 °C, and the cosolvents are propyl alcohol (NPA) and H₂O, the catalyst is HNO₃. This sol-gel is burned for 12 h at 1 350–1 450 °C so that the organic matter, free water (moisture) in sol-gel system are removed and a solid reaction has taken place to form the resulting product. The product has been confirmed to be C₃S by XRD, SEM and ²⁹Si MAS NMR, as well as free lime content of the product which is less than 0.2% was determined by propanetriol-ethanol-method. The analysis determined by EDXA has indicated that the n(Ca)/n(Si) ratio in corresponding to micro-region is close to theoretical value of 3:1. This resulting product is C₃S with Si sites of Q⁰ polymerization, and has higher purity and hydraulic activities at earlier age of hydration.     

Preparation of TiO2 photocatalyst loaded with V2O5 for O2 evolution

TiO₂ photocatalysts loaded with V₂O₅ were prepared via a modified hydrolysis process, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra measurements. The photocatalytic activity of V₂O₅/TiO₂ was investigated by employing splitting of water for O₂ evolution. The results indicate that V₂O₅ loading can pronouncedly improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ with Fe³⁺ as an electron acceptor under UV or visible light irradiation. The optimum mass fraction of the loaded V₂O₅ is 8%, and the largest speed of O₂ evolution for 8%V₂O₅ (mass fraction) loaded TiO₂ catalyst is 118.2 μmol/(L·h) under UV irradiation, and 83.7 μmol/(L·h) under visible light irradiation.     

TiO2/ML-Ti3C2复合纳米材料的制备及其光催化性能

通过水热技术在二维(2D)多层材料Ti_3C_2 (multi-layer Ti_3C_2, ML-Ti_3C_2)的表面及层间原位晶化和生长锐钛矿相TiO_2纳米球,制备出TiO_2/ML-Ti_3C_2复合纳米材料。采用XRD、SEM、氮吸附等表征技术对TiO_2/ML-Ti_3C_2纳米复合材料进行分析表征,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)为模拟污染物,对纯TiO_2和TiO_2/ML-Ti_3C_2复合纳米材料的光催化性能进行了评价。实验结果表明,两种材料的耦合抑制了Ti O_2中光生电子-空穴对的湮灭,延长了复合光催化剂中载流子寿命,拓宽了复合材料的光谱响应范围。在紫外光照射下,以TiO_2/ML-Ti_3C_2复合纳米材料为光催化剂,200 mg/L的MB溶液在20 min内几乎完全脱色,降解率为98.98%。TiO_2/ML-Ti_3C_2纳米复合材料的光催化性能优于纯TiO_2和Ti_3C_2, Ti_3C_2优异的电子传输能力和超强的吸附性能优化了TiO_2的光催化性能。本研究为使用光催化技术处理废水提供了一种新的思路,具有一定的实际应用前景。     

Mechanism and behaviors of Cr3+-doped TiO2

TiO₂ powder and TiO₂ thin film on the surface of glazed ceramic tile were prepared by sol-gel method. The influences of different doping Cr³⁺ concentration on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ were discussed, UV-visible and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to test the performance of TiO₂ powder and film. The results indicate that photocatalytic activity of doping Cr³⁺-TiO₂ thin film is higher than that of powder, and the interaction between Cr³⁺-doped and substrate can greatly enhance the photocatalytic activity. The results of X-ray diffraction and photoabsorption show that the Cr³⁺-doped energy level in TiO₂ is 0.62 eV high from the top of valence band, which belongs to the type of deep energy level doping. On the basis of the semiconductor energy level theory and Cr³⁺ dopant energy level, the semiconductor energy level model of Cr³⁺ in TiO₂ powder and thin film were established, and the doping mechanisms of Cr³⁺-doped in TiO₂ powder and thin film were analyzed. Foundation item: Project (20466001) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

TiO2和Cr2O3复合晶核剂对微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响

通过差热分析、X射线衍射分析、偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察等测试方法,研究了TiO2和Cr2O3作晶核剂对金属尾矿微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响,研究表明：Cr2O3和TiO2复合晶核剂能有效地促进CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃在较低温度下即开始晶化,且形成以透解石为主晶相的微晶玻璃,晶核剂质量浓度不同对玻璃析晶的影响不同。     

含氟电解液对TiO2纳米管阵列生长的影响

以含NH₄F的乙二醇溶液作为电解液,通过重复使用电解液的方式,对金属Ti箔进行阳极氧化处理,在其表面制得形貌可控的TiO₂纳米管阵列结构;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对TiO₂纳米管阵列的形貌进行表征,并对TiO₂纳米管阵列的形成机理进行分析。结果表明:所获得的TiO₂纳米管呈现圆锥状,H+和F–离子是形成 TiO₂ 纳米管阵列的关键;重复使用含氟电解液,可将可溶性氟化物完全转化成TiF₆2–离子,从而减少对环境的危害,含氟电解液可重复使用6次;随着含氟电解液使用次数的增加,TiO₂纳米管的尺寸能够被有效调控;TiO₂纳米管阵列的管长呈现先增大后减小的趋势,可在20 μm内自由调控,纳米管管口处直径最高可达110 nm左右。     

Low pressure synthesis of boron nitride with (C2H5)2O · BF3 and Li3N precursor

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) was synthesized through benzene thermal method at a lower temperature of 300 °C by selecting liquid (C₂H₅)₂O · BF₃ and Li₃N as reactants. Hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) and orthorhombic boron nitride(o-BN) were also obtained. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. The results show that all the BF₃, BCl₃ and BBr₃ in the same family compounds can react with Li₃N to synthesize BN since the strongest bond of B-F can be broken. Compared with BBr₃, liquid (C₂H₅)₂O · BF₃ is cheaper, less toxic and more convenient to operate. Li₃N not only provides nitrogen source but also has catalytic effect on accelerating the formation of c-BN at low temperature and pressure. Foundation item: Projects(20273007,50372006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

负载型催化剂MnOx-CeO2/TiO2去除甲苯

为了考察铈掺杂对金属氧化物催化剂催化燃烧处理有机废气的影响,采用蜂窝状TiO2丝网作为催化燃烧催化剂的载体,以MnOx、CeO2作为活性组分,用浸渍法负载制备出催化燃烧催化剂,考察了活性组分负载量及配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对催化剂降解甲苯的影响.实验确定了催化剂的最佳制备工艺:Mn的负载量(质量分数)约为15%,Mn与Ce物质的量比为3∶1,催化剂的焙烧温度为500℃,焙烧时间为5h.结果表明:与催化剂MnOx/TiO2相比,掺杂Ce后的催化剂MnOx-CeO2/TiO2对甲苯催化燃烧的起燃温度和完全转化温度均有明显降低,催化剂表面燃烧物颗粒的粒径有所减小,分散均匀,更有利于甲苯的降解处理.     

复合固体酸TiO2-SnO2-Al2O3催化合成柠檬酸酯的研究

首次将TiO     

二氧化钛光催化剂掺杂改性的研究进展

半导体材料TiO2作为光催化剂得到了广泛的研究和应用.介绍了TiO2光催化反应机理以及光催化剂掺杂改性的研究进展,包括金属离子、非金属以及金属/非金属共掺杂,并且指出了TiO2光催化剂改性的研究热点和研究方向.     

Effect of TiO2 on Crystallization of the Glass Ceramics Prepared from Granite Tailings

The effect of TiO2 on the crystallization behaviors of the glass ceramics prepared from granite tailings was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). The results showed that the crystallization peak temperature decreased firstly, and then increased with the increase of TiO2 content. The optimum addition amount of TiO2 was 8 wt%. With a single-step heat treatment at 924 ℃ for 1 h, augite precipitated as the only crystalline phase both on the surface and in the interior. The avrami parameter of the sample was 3.25, suggesting a twodimensional crystallization mechanism. The activation energies for phase separation and crystallization of augite were 321.75 and 698.83 k J/mol, respectively.     

固体酸SO42-／TiO2-La2O3催化合成乙酸正丁酯

采用低温（-15℃）陈化法制备SO42-/TiO2-La2O3稀土掺杂固体酸（STL）,用于催化合成乙酸正丁酯,研究醇酸摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对酯化率的影响。结果表明：当n（正丁醇）：n（乙酸）=1．5：L,反应时间为2h,催化剂用量占反应物总质量的1．4％时,乙酸正丁酯的酯化率可达99．5％。     

Structure and growth phenomena of C60 and C70 single crystals

C₆₀ and C₇₀ single crystals free from solvent contamination grew from their vapour. Large C₆₀ crystals up to a size of about 5 mm×3 mm×3 mm and C₇₀ crystals about 1 mm×1 mm×1 mm were obtained. C₆₀ crystals with fcc structure showed two types of morphological faces, namely {111} and {100}, frequently with twinning on {111} face. C₇₀ crystals obtained have a hcp structure witha=10.1 ? andc=16.7 ?. DSC and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that C₇₀ crystal underwent phase transition below 100 C. Morphological observation suggests that the growth of C₆₀ and C₇₀ single crystals is based on layer-spreading mechanism. Synopsis of the first author Li Jing, professor, born in 1954, received Ph D degree in 1988, professional interests are physicel chemistry in metallurgy and materials, fullerene chemistry and ceramics.     

TiO2水溶胶整理对棉织物染色性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯和乙酸锌为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备TiO2水溶胶,通过轧焙烘工艺对纯棉织物进行整理,再将整理后的棉织物染色,研究水溶胶整理对棉织物染色性能的影响.实验表明,随着水溶胶处理浓度的增加,染色前后色差值△E变小,K/S值变小,水洗色牢度变差,耐摩擦色牢度变差.