Supercritical fluid and solid–liquid extraction of phenolic antioxidants from grape pomace: a comparative study

Distilled white grape pomace (Vitis vinifera var. Garnacha) was subjected to extraction by using two different methods: (1) solid–liquid extraction (SLE) employing 96% ethanol and water and (2) supercritical extraction (SFE) by running carbon dioxide coupled with ethanol as a modifier. Higher phenolic concentrations of extracts were attained by SFE (∼400 ppm), doubling those obtained by SLE. In the latter, increasing values of both temperature (from 25 to 50 °C) and contact time (from 30 to 90 min) and lower solvent-to-solid ratios (from 5:1 to 1:1) resulted in an enhancement of extraction efficiency. In SFE, the addition of the modifier (8%) was also found to favour the release of phenolic compounds. Antiradical activity values—evaluated by the ability to scavenge DPPH radicals—were, as general, also higher for SFE extracts, although maximum values reached at were similar (73% inhibition versus 68%). Chromatographic profiles confirmed the diverse nature of phenolic species occurring in extracts obtained from both extraction methods. Extracts from SLE contained more proanthocyanidins, whereas SFE ones contained basically gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin. Protection against oil oxidation assayed with two samples confirmed these results.     

Supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seeds oil: scale-up and economic analysis

This work presents a scale-up and feasibility study for the establishment of supercritical CO₂ extraction plants to produce grape seeds oil. The scale-up factors are determined using experimental and modelling results based on seeds from six grape cultivars over 2 harvest years. The purchased cost of the production plant is estimated using ‘the six-tenth rule’ from the cost of a pilot scale unit. The results indicate that, at the current minimum retail selling price of extra virgin grape seeds oil, the proposed project is technically viable and economically feasible with a breakeven point of US$ 7.46 per kg-oil and rate of return on investment of 28%.     

超临界CO2萃取苹果皮渣中二十八烷醇的工艺研究

研究以苹果皮渣为试验材料,利用超临界流体萃取技术从苹果皮渣中提取二十八烷醇.结果表明:苹果皮渣中二十八烷醇的超临界CO2流体萃取适宜条件为:萃取压力40MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间75min,流量范围1.5～2.5mL/min.     

微波辅助提取葡萄皮渣中白藜芦醇的工艺研究

目的优化葡萄皮渣中白藜芦醇的微波辅助提取工艺。方法通过单因素试验,选择微波时间、料液比以及微波功率为自变量,白藜芦醇提取率为考察指标,采用正交试验设计分析研究各自变量对多糖提取率的影响。经极差与方差分析,从而获得最适的提取工艺条件。结果在微波提取时间70 s、料液比1:20(m:V)、微波作用功率为600 W的条件下获得白藜芦醇提取率为0.284%,相比有机溶剂乙醇提取法的提取率增加了42%。结论本研究可为葡萄皮渣的再利用与开发提供参考。     

木瓜中齐墩果酸提取纯化工艺的研究

研究了木瓜中齐墩果酸提取纯化的工艺条件,研究表明：采用无水甲醇溶剂,在50℃条件下提取时间2 h,齐墩果酸得率为52%左右;在室温15℃条件下,结晶3次条件下,齐墩果酸纯度和得率较优。     

山楂中齐墩果酸和熊果酸超声提取工艺研究

对山楂齐墩果酸和熊果酸超声波辅助提取工艺进行了优化,以齐墩果酸和熊果酸总含量为响应值,考查了液固比、超声波功率和提取时间对山楂总齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量的影响。结果表明,三个考查因素对山楂齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量影响的顺序为:液固比>提取时间>超声波功率;方差分析结果表明,液固比和提取时间对齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量有极显著影响(p<0.01),超声波功率对齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量有显著影响(p<0.05),提取时间的二次项对齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量有极显著影响(p<0.01),各因素之间交互作用不显著(p>0.05);确定超声波辅助提取山楂齐墩果酸和熊果酸的最佳工艺参数为:乙醇体积分数90%,液固比35∶1m L/g,超声波功率352W,提取时间为4.6min,在优化工艺条件下超声波辅助提取山楂齐墩果酸和熊果酸,其含量为2.87mg/g,与预测值相符。本实验中所用提取方法在显著节约了超声波处理的时间同时也获得了良好的提取效率。      

[Bmim]BF4-Na2SO4双水相体系萃取葡萄皮渣中齐墩果酸

利用1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim]BF4)和硫酸钠(Na2SO4)离子液体双水相萃取分离葡萄皮中齐墩果酸,分别对[Bmim]BF4、Na2SO4、齐墩果酸质量分数、萃取温度、pH值、低级醇进行了研究,确定双水相体系组成为18%[Bmim]BF4-16%Na2SO4,在25 ℃条件下,加入质量分数10%齐墩果酸、体积分数2%无水乙醇,调节pH 4.0,齐墩果酸萃取率可达97.9%,分配系数为16.58。利用这项技术有望为从天然植物中提取有效药用成分开辟一条崭新的思路。     

响应面法优化牛膝中齐墩果酸超声波辅助提取工艺

以牛膝为原料,以齐墩果酸提取得率为指标,采用超声波辅助提取牛膝中齐墩果酸。分别研究了乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间对齐墩果酸提取得率的影响,通过响应面实验优化了提取工艺。结果表明,齐墩果酸提取的较佳工艺条件是:乙醇浓度70%,提取时间20min,料液比(w/v)1∶20。在此条件下,齐墩果酸的提取含量为11.14mg/g。      

酿酒葡萄皮渣中多酚物质提取的研究

以酿酒后分离的葡萄皮渣为原料,对其多酚类物质的提取条件进行了研究。在单因素试验的基础上,以乙醇体积分数、料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度为影响因素,以葡萄皮多酚得率为评价指标,进行4因素3水平正交试验,确定出的最佳浸提条件为浸提剂为体积分数70%的乙醇,浸提温度80 ℃,浸提时间40 min,按1∶7（g∶mL）的料液比,浸提次数为3次,在此条件下,葡萄皮渣中多酚提取量为30.03 mg/g。     

薏苡仁油的超临界CO2萃取工艺及其脂肪酸组成分析

以云南师宗县高良地区薏苡仁为研究对象,通过薏苡仁的前处理和超临界CO_2萃取技术,以萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取压力为因素,设计L_9(3~4)正交实验优化超临界CO_2萃取薏苡仁油的工艺条件。并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对薏苡仁油进行脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:薏苡仁油最佳萃取工艺条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力25 MPa、萃取时间4 h,在最佳工艺条件下薏苡仁出油率为7.704%;薏苡仁油主要脂肪酸组成为棕榈酸14.11%、亚油酸30.38%、油酸53.49%、硬脂酸1.89%,不饱和脂肪酸占83.87%。     

超临界CO2萃取番茄籽油

采用超临界CO2萃取技术对番茄籽油进行萃取,经过单因素和优化实验,对不同萃取时间、压力和温度下油的萃取率、脂肪酸组成和品质进行了比较.其中萃取时间和萃取压力对番茄籽油的萃取率影响显著(α=0.05),萃取温度影响较显著(α=0.1).最佳萃取条件为萃取时间2 h、萃取温度50℃、萃取压力30 MPa,萃取率达96.34%.通过气相色谱分析,由超临界CO2萃取得到番茄籽油的主要脂肪酸质量分数分别为棕榈酸(C160)约13%,硬脂酸(C180)约5%,油酸(C181)约22%,亚油酸(C182)约56%,花生酸(C200)约2.8%.通过测定番茄籽油过氧化值、酸价、碘价和皂化价,显示番茄籽油有较好的品质,不同的萃取条件对番茄籽油品质无显著影响.     

木瓜中齐墩果酸和熊果酸提取工艺的研究

用正交试验法对木瓜中的齐墩果酸和熊果酸的提取工艺进行研究。在单因素实验基础上,采用L9(34)正交实验考察提取时间、提取温度、料液比、原料粒度对提取得率影响,用高效液相色谱法测定齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量,确定最优提取工艺。齐墩果酸最佳提取参数为95%的乙醇、温度为60℃、时间3h、料液比为1∶8、原料粒度40目、提取2次。熊果酸最佳提取参数为95%的乙醇、温度为60℃、时间3h、料液比为1∶6、原料粒度60目、提取2次。该工艺为齐墩果酸和熊果酸的工业化提取提供理论依据。     

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) pomace

BACKGROUND: The goal of this work was to utilize the sea buckthorn pomace, which is the by‐product of a sea buckthorn juice process. Pilot plant supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) experiments were performed in a 5 × 10^?3 m³ volume high‐pressure vessel. The effects of pressure and temperature on extraction yield and recoveries of biologically active components were studied using a 3² full factorial design. The pressure and temperature were varied over the ranges of 30–46 MPa and 313–353 K, respectively. The extract samples were analysed by TLC‐densitometry, UV/VIS spectrofotometry and HPLC methods. RESULTS: The obtained yields changed between 142–164 g kg^?1, according to the solvent power of the supercritical fluid. The recoveries of the different minor components were (g minor components kg^?1 dried raw material): 2.50–4.25 sitosterol, 0.20–1.60 ursolic acid, 0.04–0.18 carotenoid, 0.35–0.42 total tocopherol. CONCLUSION: By evaluation the designed experiments 46 MPa and 333 K were chosen as the optimum conditions. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Solubility of Carotenoids in Supercritical CO2

Carotenoids have been shown to provide a range of health benefits and to decrease the risk of disease. Although carotenoids are naturally present in plants advanced extraction technologies to remove carotenoids from plant materials are needed to prepare concentrated materials. Because carotenoids are sensitive to heat, oxygen, and light, large-scale supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has drawn attention as a separation technology. SFE with solvents such as CO₂ offers an organic-chemical-free process that yields quality end food products, compared to traditional extraction methods that organic solvents. In the SFE process for plant materials, an important step is to measure and predict the solubility of target components in the supercritical fluid at various pressure and temperature conditions to optimize the extraction process. The solubility of targeted carotenoids in supercritical fluids is related to its physical and chemical properties such as polarity, molecular structure, and nature of the material particles, and it is also related to the operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, density of solvent and co-solvents, and solvent flow rate in the supercritical region. The solubility of β-carotene, α-carotene, and other carotenoids under different extraction conditions has been reviewed. It would be interesting and useful for researchers and food industries to compare the data of the solubility of carotenoids to develop optimum extraction process and to get maximum yields.     

超声波辅助超临界CO2萃取柚皮甙的工艺研究

本文研究了以柚皮为原料,采用超声波辅助超临界二氧化碳萃取柚皮甙。以萃取率为指标,研究了超声波处理条件的影响,在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验优化超声波处理条件。结果表明,在超声波处理功率300W、处理温度60℃、料液比1:18、处理时间6 min的条件下,柚皮甙的萃取率可达到3.64%。     

木瓜中齐墩果酸的提取工艺研究

比较了几种不同的提取方法 ,通过实验证明 ,采用渗漉法提取 ,再分别用层析柱法和碱溶酸沉法进行分离可得到较多的齐墩果酸     

超声波辅助超临界CO2萃取柚皮甙的工艺研究

本文研究了以柚皮为原料,采用超声波辅助超临界二氧化碳萃取柏皮甙。以萃取率为指标,研究了超声波处理条件的影响,在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验优化超声波处理条件。结果表明,在超声波处理功率300W、处理温度60℃、料液比1：18、处理时间6min的条件下,柚皮甙的萃取率可达到3．64％。     

野蔷薇中齐墩果酸提取工艺的研究

优选野蔷薇中齐墩果酸的超声提取工艺.方法:使用超声波提取法,单因素试验,采用L9(34)正交设计试验,用高效液相色谱法测定齐墩果酸的含量,确定最佳提取工艺条件.结果:最佳提取工艺条件是液料比15∶1,超声提取40min,80％vol乙醇溶液,温度50℃.结论:采用此工艺提取方法高效经济、快捷,易于推广.     

超临界CO2从松子仁中萃取亚麻酸油的工艺研究

探讨超临界CO2从松子仁中萃取亚麻酸油的萃取压力和温度、精馏柱温度以及萃取时间对亚麻酸油产率的影响，通过正交实验方案摸索出超临界CO2从松子仁中萃取亚麻酸油的最佳条件。并与原来通过精榨方法提取的亚麻酸油比较，表明超临界流体萃取的亚麻酸油收率高，活性成分保存好。