陕西韩城大红袍花椒挥发油化学成分的研究

利用GC-MS技术对陕西韩城大红袍花椒的挥发油化学成分进行了研究,从大红袍花椒挥发油中分离出40个组分,鉴定出29种成分,主要成分是柠檬烯(Limonene),含量14.82%;月桂烯(myrcene),含量13.26%;桉树脑(Eucalyptol),含量10.69%;桧烯(sabinerl),含量6.74%;α-蒎烯(α-pineme),含量5.51%;α-守烯(alphathujene),含量4.99%;芳樟醇(Linalool),含量4.51%;α-松油醇(α-terpined),含量4.32%。     

挤压膨化对山药全粉理化性质、加工特性和淀粉体外消化性的影响

以山药全粉为原料,分析比较了其挤压膨化前后理化性质、加工特性和淀粉体外消化特性的变化.结果 表明,山药全粉经挤压膨化后,总淀粉、总脂肪含量分别从(67.80±0.01)％、(14.5±0.06)％下降到(65.47±0.01)％和(8.23±0.02)％,多酚和多糖含量分别增加了4.20％和38.38％,而可溶性蛋白、...     

调味香料马玉兰挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了调味香料马玉兰的挥发油,并利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术和保留指数比较法分析了该挥发油的化学成分。从马玉兰挥发油中鉴定了40种化合物,占挥发油总量的95.06%。我国马玉兰挥发油的主要成分为4-萜品醇(33.00%)、氧化石竹烯(11.91%)、对伞花烃(6.84%)、α-松油醇(6.66%)和斯巴醇(6.00%)。     

Capsaicinoids quantification in chili peppers cultivated in the state of Yucatan,Mexico

Capsaicinoids are a group of 12 or more related alkaloids responsible of the pungent sensation in fruits of the genus Capsicum. Capsaicin [(E)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-8-methyl-6-nonenamide] and dihydrocapsaicin are responsible for more than 90% of the pungency. This work describes the quantitative analyses by gas chromatography of the content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in the pericarp, placenta, and seeds of seven cultivars of chili peppers cultivated in the state of Yucatan, Mexico [chawa, dulce, sukurre, xcat’ik (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum), maax (Capsicum annuum L. var. aviculare), and habanero orange and habanero white (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)]. Capsaicin content was higher, as expected, in the fruits of habanero orange and habanero white, followed by sukurre, chawa, xkat’ik, and maax. Dihydrocapsaicin content did not follow the same scheme, being higher in the fruits of sukurre, followed by chawa, habanero white, habanero orange, and maax. Xcat’ik showed minor quantities of dihydrocapsaicin, while dulce chili contained only traces of these two alkaloids.     

超临界提取调味香料披萨草精油及其化学成分分析

采用超临界CO2提取法提取了披萨草精油,并利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术和保留指数比较法分析了该精油的化学成分.从SFE披萨草精油中鉴定了28种化合物,占精油总童的94.31%.主要成分为香芹酚(47.61%),丁香酚(16.12%)和麝香草酚(14.81%).     

马氏珠母贝珍珠层粉微量有机化学成分的GC/MS分析

用GC/MS法分析马氏珠母贝珍珠层粉二氯甲烷萃取物的有机化学成分。GC/MS分离出22个峰,确认了11种化学成分。结果表明,该珍珠层粉二氯甲烷萃取物中有机化学成分主要是:瓢儿菜酰胺、3,5-二氯-2-吡啶基-2-氯-α-甲苯磺酸酯、1-氯代二十二烷、5-氨-2-(对氯苄氧基)吡啶、(2E,6Z)-3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯基六碳呋喃糖苷、柯蒲醇等。     

调味香料云南爪哇香茅挥发油化学成分的研究

爪哇香茅精油主要用于肉类食品的调味,文章采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了云南产爪哇香茅中的挥发油,通过气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术,结合计算机质谱库检索,对所分离的云南爪哇香茅挥发油进行了成分鉴定,为进一步开发利用提供了依据。实验发现,水蒸气提取爪哇香茅的最佳提取条件是:蒸馏时间2 h,料液比为1∶15。从中确定了38种化合物,占挥发性物质含量的94.64%。其中18种成分在云南爪哇香茅中尚属首次发现,16种成分国内外均未见报道。爪哇香茅挥发油的主要成分是香叶醇20.12%、香茅醛17.36%、榄香醇10.50%和香茅醇10.31%等。另外,根据挥发油的颜色变化和提取时间,将挥发油分为0~10 min,10~60 min,60~120 min三个馏分。在这三馏分的挥发油中,四种主要成分的含量存在着明显的差异。     

Essential oil composition,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Satureja cuneifolia Ten.

Satureja cuneifolia Ten. is a well-known aromatic plant which is frequently used as a spice and herbal tea in Anatolia. S. cuneifolia oil was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major components of S. cuneifolia oil were carvacrol (44.99%) and p-cymene (21.61%). The essential oil of S. cuneifolia exhibited antimicrobial activity against all of the tested foodborne and spoilage bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for test bacteria which were sensitive to the essential oil of S. cuneifolia were in the range of 600–1400 μg/ml. Antioxidant activities of the essential oil and the methanolic extract from S. cuneifolia were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene–linoleic acid bleaching and metal chelating activity assays. In addition, the amounts of total phenol components in the plant methanolic extract (222.5 ± 0.5 μg/mg) and the oil (185.5 ± 0.5 μg/mg) were determined.     

超高压处理前后菠萝香气成分的变化

采用溶液萃取法对超高压处理前后的菠萝汁的香气进行富集,并经GC/MS联机检索分析,发现超高压处理对菠萝汁中的酯类、羧酸类、醛和酮类、醇类和杂环类都有影响,超高压后,酯类物质、羧酸类、醛和酮类数量下降,而醇类和杂环类化合物数量增加。其影响作用和高压造成的温度升高有关。     

Identification,characterisation, and quantification of phenolic compounds in the antioxidant activity-containing fraction from the seeds of Korean perilla (Perilla frutescens) cultivars

The present research was the first to investigate phenolic compound profiles and antioxidant properties in the seeds of various perilla (Perilla frutescens) cultivars. The 80% methanol extract (50 μg/ml) of this species showed potent antioxidant activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals. Phenolic compounds were characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ultra performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector and electrospray ionisation/mass (UPLC-PDA-ESI/MS) analysis. Nine compounds were elucidated as caffeic acid-3-O-glucoside (1), caffeic acid (2), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (3), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (4), rosmarinic acid-3-O-glucoside (5), rosmarinic acid (6), luteolin (7), apigenin (8), and chrysoeriol (9). The individual and total phenolic contents were remarkably different, especially rosmarinic acid-3-O-glucoside (5) and rosmarinic acid (6) which were the predominant compounds (>95%) in all perilla cultivars. Additionally, Yeupsil cultivar exhibited the highest phenolic content (5029.0 μg/g) and antioxidant activity, whereas the lowest was shown by Dasil (2138.7 μg/g). Therefore, these results suggest that antioxidant effects of perilla seeds are correlated with phenolic contents.     

Analytical methods for the determination of acrylamide in food products: a review

In early 2002, the Swedish National Food Administration reported high acrylamide levels in heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods. Consequently, intensive activity began examining the many different types of food, and thousands of analyses have been undertaken world wide. Measurement data have been published in many different types of media. Within this flood of publications, there are only a limited number of articles concerned with the technical aspects of the measurements. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art in the analysis of acrylamide in foodstuffs. It covers information on methods from peer-reviewed articles and other sources (e.g. a survey carried out among official and private laboratories of the Member States of the European Union). Alternative methods are presented and discussed alongside the more common measurement techniques for acrylamide in foodstuffs. Special attention is given to sample preparation. The greatest differences between the analytical methods was for acrylamide extraction and clean-up. The influence of different extraction techniques or extraction solvents/solvent mixtures on the measurement results has not yet been fully investigated. There is also a lack of understanding about the sample clean-up. Since both might have a large impact on the results of the analysis, this review should also be considered as a basis for further investigations.     

Structural characterisation of acid- and alkali-soluble polysaccharides in the fruiting body of Dictyophora indusiata and their immunomodulatory activities

The acid- and alkali-soluble polysaccharides (DIPs I and II) were extracted from the fruiting body of Dictyophora indusiata in this work. DIP I comprised of Glc (glucose), Fru (fructose) and Man (mannose), whereas DIP II was of Glc and Fru. Glc was the dominant monosaccharide in both DIPs with relatively molar percentage of >60%, which constructed the backbone of polysaccharide chain. The analysis of the glycosidic linkages indicated that Glc occurred as Glc 1 → 6 in DIP II. The immunological assays showed that both DIPs I and II had a noticeable effect on the hemolysis antibody level in the tested dosage range. However, DIP I could improve the weight of thymus organ and phagocytosis of monocyte. DIP II could restore delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), improving the activity of natural killer cells and the proliferation of splenocytes at high dose.     

Identification and quantification of the migration of chemicals from plastic baby bottles used as substitutes for polycarbonate

The results of a study on the analytical identification and quantification of migration of chemicals from plastics baby bottles found in the European Union market made of materials that are now present as substitutes for polycarbonate (PC) are reported. A total of 449 baby bottles with a focus on first age or sets of bottles were purchased from 26 European Union countries, Canada, Switzerland and the USA. From this collection, which contained several duplicates, a total of 277 baby bottles were analysed. The materials included different types of plastic such as PC, polyamide (PA), polyethersulphone (PES), polypropylene (PP), but also silicone, and from the United States a co-polyester marketed under the trade name Tritan?. The bottles were subjected to the conventional migration test for hot fill conditions, i.e. 2?h at 70°C. The simulant used was that specified in European Union legislation (2007/19/EC) for milk, i.e. 50% ethanol. In a first phase 1, migration was conducted since the scope of this investigation was a screening rather than a true compliance testing check. Second and third migrations were performed on selected articles when migrated substances exceeded limits specified in the legislation. In order to verify some materials, a portion of the bottle was cut to run an FT-IR fingerprint to confirm the nature of the polymer. The migration solutions in general showed a low release of substances. Results showed that bottles made of PP and silicones showed a greater number of substances in the migration solutions and in greater quantity. Chemicals from PP included alkanes, which could be found in >65% of the bottles at levels up to 3500?µg?kg^?1; and benzene derivatives in 17% of the baby bottles and found at levels up to 113?µg?kg^?1. Some substances were found on a regular basis such as plasticisers, esters and antioxidants (e.g. tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate, known as Irgafos 168. Some substances found were not included in the Community positive list, which means that those should not be found even in the first migration. Such substances included 2,6-di-isopropylnaphthalene (DIPN), found in 4% of the bottles at levels up to 25?µg?kg^?1, 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol (in 90% of the bottles at levels up 400?µg?kg^?1). Moreover, bisphenol A (BPA) was detected and quantified in baby bottles made of PA, but limited to one brand and model specific (but labelled BPA free). Results for baby bottles made of silicone also indicated the presence of components, e.g. potentially coming from inks (benzophenone, diisopropyl naphtahalene – DIPN, which could come for example from the presence of instruction leaflets in the bottles). In the case of silicone, phthalates were also found in relevant concentrations, with levels for DiBP and DBP from the first migration test of 50–150?µg?kg^?1 and DEHP at levels 25–50?µg?kg^?1.     

An intercomparison study of the determination of glyphosate, chlormequat and mepiquat residues in wheat

An intercomparison study of the determinations of glyphosate, chlormequat and mepiquat residues in cereals was performed. Four samples comprising one blank, two incurred and one spiked sample were sent to six participating laboratories. For glyphosate, two laboratories reported considerably lower results than the other four. One of the two laboratories with low results also reported low recoveries. The results of a sample spiked with 0.80 mg kg^-1 glyphosate and an incurred sample, ranged from 0.23-0.87 mg kg^-1 and 0.11-0.25 mg kg^-1 respectively. The strong correlation between the two samples (r² = 0.95) indicates a systematic between-laboratory variation. Several different principles were used for the analysis of glyphosate using different clean-up techniques and GC/MS, HPLC-fluorescence or LC/MS for detection. The results of the chlormequat residues showed more consistency. All but one laboratory obtained comparable results. However the correlation between the results for the sample spiked with 0.38 mg kg^-1 (range: 0.26-0.65 mg kg^-1) and the incurred samples (range: 0.19-0.45 and 0.15-0.23 mg kg^-1, respectively) again showed a strong correlation (r² = 0.99 and 0.88) indicating a systematic component. For mepiquat, results above the limit of quantification were only reported for the spiked sample. The results ranged from 0.29-0.92 mg kg^-1 (spiked concentration = 0.38 mg kg^-1). Three laboratories had results that deviated less than 25% from the fortified concentration. Two laboratories reported results 38% and 141% above the fortified concentration, respectively.     

气相色谱法及气相色谱-质谱法检测食品中反式脂肪酸的研究进展

反式脂肪酸是一种具有反式构型的不饱和脂肪酸,研究表明,反式脂肪酸摄入量过多会对人体会产生一系列不利影响,本文介绍了反式脂肪酸的结构、性质、食物来源及其分析方法研究进展,重点介绍了气相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法对反式脂肪酸的检测。     

Content,composition, and stereochemical characterisation of lignans in berries and seeds

In seed extracts of five oilseed species, in bran extracts of three cereal species, and in seed and/or whole berry extracts of 10 berry species, the concentrations of a large number of lignans and the enantiomeric composition of selected lignans were determined. In the case of sesame and hemp seeds, the lignan content and composition of the whole seeds was compared to that of the hulled seeds. The results showed that cloudberry seeds are the third most lignan-rich food source after linseeds and whole sesame seeds, and that most of the berry species analysed were more lignan-rich than the cereal brans. The lignans are concentrated in the hull of the oilseeds and in the seeds of the berries. In most samples, secoisolarici-, pino-, medio-, and syringaresinol were present as a mixture of two enantiomers.     

SPME及其与GC/MS联用在我国烟草分析中的应用进展

概述了固相微萃取技术的发展、基本原理、萃取条件和GC条件的选择以及固相微萃取与气相色谱/质谱联用在我国烟草分析中的应用进展。     

Essential oil composition,antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Mosla chinensis Maxim

The essential oil of Mosla chinensis Maxim was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and its main components are carvacrol (57.08%), p-cymene (13.61%), thymol acetate (12.68%), thymol (6.67%), and γ-terpinene (2.46%). The essential oil exhibited great potential antimicrobial activity against all eight bacterial and nine fungal strains. Antioxidant activity was also tested, the essential oil showing significantly higher antioxidant activity than that of the methanol extract. In addition, the amounts of total phenol components in the plant methanol extract (47.3 ± 0.4 μg/mg) and the oil (80.7 ± 0.5 μg/mg) were determined. The results presented here indicate that the essential oil of M. chinensis has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and is therefore a potential source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for the food and pharmaceutical industries.     

微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏调味香料肉豆蔻挥发油化学成分的研究

对云南产调味香料肉豆蔻挥发油进行了成分分析。采用微波水蒸气蒸馏法(MHD,300 W,料液比1∶10,蒸馏时间1 h)及水蒸气蒸馏法(HD)提取了肉豆蔻挥发油,利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术和保留指数比较法分析了该挥发油的化学成分。从MHD肉豆蔻挥发油中鉴定了48种化合物,占挥发油总量的99.81%。主要成分为肉豆蔻醚(36.53%)、4-萜品醇(12.47%)、肉豆蔻酸(8.27%)、榄香素(4.96%)、黄樟素(4.75%)、γ-松油烯(4.56%)和甲基丁香酚(4.38%)。     

纯种发酵江米甜酒中游离氨基酸和挥发性香气成分的组成分析

以江米为原料,通过纯种发酵制备江米甜酒。采用高压液 相色谱仪(HPLC)和热脱附-气相色谱/质谱仪(TCT- GC/MS)分别测定其游离氨基酸和挥发性香气成分的组 成。结果表明,在江米甜酒中共检测出游离氨基酸15种, 其中有8种为人体必需氨基酸。该饮液中总游离氨基酸 含量为0.02％,其中赖氨酸含量最高,为24.36mg/L;其挥 发性香气成分共检测鉴定出34种,在这些化合物中,醇 和酯是两类主要的香气组分,其中酯的种类最多,占总数 的24.5％,其次是醇,占总数的20.5％。其中含量排在前5 位的成分依次是:异丁醇、正戊醇、乙醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇 和醋酸异丁酯,占总含量的64％,它们构成了江米甜酒的 主体香气成分。