重力对火炮动力偶臂测量与计算影响研究

动力偶臂是影响火炮射击稳定性和射击精度的关键参数.采用结构有限元方法建立了重力载荷作用下的火炮后坐部分变形计算模型,得到了不同射角条件下火炮后坐部分重力载荷作用变形结果,给出了重力对火炮后坐部分动力偶臂的影响规律,分析了火炮后坐部分方向质量偏心不影响其动力偶臂测量结果的原因,指出了专用夹具实验测试方法没有反映重力效应引起的身管弯曲使后坐部分质心变化的不足,提出了重力对火炮动力偶臂影响的修正方法,传统的专用夹具实验测试结果必须经过修正才能得到精确值.     

聚变强磁场下真空测量电离规结构及阴极灯丝优化研究

基于强磁场环境中托卡马克装置偏滤器中性粒子压力快速测量,使用普通热阴极电离计,难以实现托卡马克偏滤器实验运行的原位精确测量.文章针对普通热阴极电离计的结构特点,首先探究了强磁场下,阴极发射电子的运动轨迹受磁场约束对规管灵敏度的影响.应用有限元方法,计算分析了阴极灯丝受电动力以及热应力和电动力耦合作用下发生形变的规律,得到阴极灯丝应力、总变形量和轴向变形量数据以及阴极灯丝的热力性能不受加热电流变化影响的结论.提出可在强磁场下稳定工作的规管结构设计方案,得到阴极灯丝优化结果,为聚变装置强磁场下真空测量快规的优化设计提供参考.     

量块姿态对坐标测量机尺寸测量示值误差校准结果的影响

分析量块在不同安装姿态下,支撑位置对量块中心长度的影响.利用有限元分析研究量块在各安装姿态下的长度变化量,并对校准坐标测量机实测条件进行模拟,进而研究量块安装姿态对坐标测量机尺寸测量示值误差校准结果的影响.提出利用多点支撑法,减小长度变化量的方法.有限元分析的计算结果表明,该方法可在一定程度上减小量块姿态变化而引起的其长度变化.     

火炮身管直线度检测系统总体设计

针对传统火炮身管直线度检测存在的深膛受限、精度较差、自动化程度较低等不足,设计了一种基于光电位置传感器的适用于不同口径、不同长度身管的火炮身管直线度检测分析系统,由直线度检测硬件分系统与直线度数据分析处理软件分系统组成．重点分析了检测硬件分系统的工作原理及各组件功用与组成,包括机械部分、光学部分和电路部分．该检测系统能满足现代化作战条件下武器系统快速、便捷检测的要求,具有较强的实用意义．     

测量直线度的非接触节距法及其应用

一、前言测量直线度的节距法已被广泛用于工程测量之中,而通常使用的又是它的接触测量形式。这种接触测量方式存在着易划伤被测表面以及反光镜(或水平仪)的自重会引起被测件弹性变形而影响测量精度的缺点,因此不适于测量光学表面和横截面单薄的细长零件表面。本文探讨了节距法的非接触测量方式,它特别适用于测量细长光学表面的直线度。和其     

纤维增强复合材料身管阻尼特性分析

针对火炮发射时纤维增强复合材料身管的阻尼效应,根据粘弹性材料动态特性,给出了纤维增强复合材料能量耗散公式,采用基于有限元技术的模态应变能分析方法,对某口径复合材料身管进行了阻尼特性分析,获得了该复合材料身管在各阶固有频率下的应变能和阻尼损耗因子,为复合材料身管的动态特性分析提供了阻尼特性参数.     

利用厚度剪切压电效应的2—2型压电复合材料的性能研究

制备了利用厚度剪切压电效应的２２型压电复合材料，测试了在电场作用下压电复合材料的变形特性，初步研究了不同参数对压电复合材料变形性能的影响。结果表明：（１）由于柔性聚合物的加入，压电复合材料的变形性能得到了大幅度的提高；（２）随着ＰＺＴ体积份数的增大，压电复合材料的变形量增大，直至达到最大，随后则随着ＰＺＴ体积份数的增大而下降；（３）ＰＺＴ单元的尺寸越小，压电复合材料的变形量越大。     

连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料横向高温变形机理研究

针对连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料(SiC_f/Ti)成形的技术难题,利用沿垂直纤维方向基体具有大变形的能力,可以采用超塑成形/扩散连接技术(SPF/DB)成形出复合材料空心构件。在不同工艺参数条件下,测试了SiC_f/Ti复合材料的横向高温变形规律,并分析了变形温度、应变速率、纤维含量等工艺参数的影响规律,对不同参数条件下拉伸试件的微观组织和断口形貌进行了对比,分析了复合材料的高温变形机制。     

空间对接机构关键部件扭矩测量装置模态特性研究

目的:针对空间对接机构关键部件扭矩测量装置的测量精度易受共振干扰的问题,提出一种基于有限元分析的扭矩测量装置有效工作频限辨识方法,以确定装置的有效工作频率区间。方法:采用ANSYS软件分析装置在高低温环境影响下的模态特性,得出装置在温度作用下的前6阶固有频率及其共振带集合,求共振带集合的补集即可得到装置的有效工作频限。结果:由温度引起的装置前6阶固有频率最大相对变化量为0.2%,对装置有效工作频限计算结果的影响较小,该装置的工作频率均处在有效工作频限之内,在工作过程中不会发生共振现象。结论:该方法填补了空间对接机构关键部件扭矩测量装置模态特性研究的空缺,对后续开展空间对接机构关键部件的扭矩性能测试工作有着一定的指导意义。     

航空发动机变形齿的新材料设计与力学性能

为了克服航空发动机变形齿在循环使用过程中容易出现螺栓松弛和脱落等问题,本研究拟将呈梯度分布状态的形状记忆合金材料应用于航空发动机变形齿的设计中,构成由碳纤维复合板基片和形状记忆合金材料梯度复合而成的功能梯度变形齿装置。首先,给出了呈梯度分布状态的形状记忆合金复合材料层合板在变温作用下的热弹性本构模型;然后,对形状记忆合金层合板进行不同层数和组分含量设计,根据不同设计方案对航空发动机变形齿装置进行有限元建模,仿真分析该装置在变温作用下的应力分布、尖端挠度和应变分布等热力学性能;最后,结合正交分析,讨论不同设计因素对变形齿力学性能的影响。本工作可为形状记忆合金智能材料的进一步研究及其在航空航天等领域的工程应用提供理论基础与技术支撑。     

橡胶隔振器大变形有限元分析

以橡胶隔振器为研究对象,基于超弹性本构模型,对拉伸、压缩、剪切状态下分别进行有限元计算,探讨橡胶等不可压缩材料大变形有限元建模技术;重点研究橡胶结构不同受载方式下变形模式及有限元分析所需要的材料试验数据。经与试验结果对比分析,得到隔振器三种状态下,填充超弹本构模型最优的材料数据类型,为橡胶结构件的数值模拟提供有益参考。     

基于改进PSO算法的非均匀材料区间均匀化分析

利用区间均匀化方法对有限弹性变形下的非均匀材料进行了研究,引入多尺度有限元机制,将非均匀材料等效为某个非局部的代表性体积单元（RVE）。采用基于多尺度有限元与改进的粒子群（PSO）算法相结合的方式,对非均匀材料的有效参数（如弹性张量和第一Piola-Kirchhoff应力以及应变能等）进行了区间分析,充分考虑了代表性体积单元在不同边界条件下的区间参数的不确定性,以及不同区间条件对于代表性体积单元的有效参数的影响。      

Tensile Properties and Failure Mechanism of a New 3D Nonorthogonal Woven Composite Material

Tensile properties and failure mechanism of a newly developed three-dimensional (3D) woven composite material named 3D nonorthogonal woven composite are investigated in this paper. The microstructure of the composite is studied and the tensile properties are obtained by quasi-static tensile tests. The failure mechanism of specimen is discussed based on observation of the fracture surfaces via electron microscope. It is found that the specimens always split along the oblique yarns and produce typical v-shaped fracture surfaces. The representative volume cell (RVC) is established based on the microstructure. A finite element analysis is conducted with periodical boundary conditions. The finite element simulation results agree well with the experimental data. By analyzing deformation and stress distribution under different loading conditions, it is demonstrated that finite element model based on RVC is valid in predicting tensile properties of 3D nonorthogonal woven composites. Stress distribution shows that the oblique yarns and warp yarns oriented along the x direction carry primary load under x tension and that warp yarns bear primary load under y tension.     

Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Measurement of Deformation Behavior for NiTi Plate With Stress Concentration Part Under Uniaxial Tensile Loading

Abstract: The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of ordinary phenomenological constitutive relation of NiTi shape memory alloy under mechanical loading at a constant temperature, sufficiently. First, finite element analysis is performed by using ordinary phenomenological constitutive relation for rectangular plate with double notch under tensile loading at a constant temperature. Next, uniaxial tensile loading is carried out for 50.5Ni49.5Ti rectangular plate with double notch. At the same time, macroscopic stress–strain curve and local strain distribution are measured by using in‐house measurement system on the basis of digital image correlation. As a result, it is found that the stress–strain curve obtained from finite element analysis is much different from those obtained experimental measurement, especially during stress‐induced martensite transformation. The result can be derived from the phenomena of local strain band behavior arising in NiTi under mechanical loading. The phenomenological constitutive model used in present finite element analysis is constructed under assumptions that the material has isotropic characteristics and shows homogeneous deformation. However, this experimental result suggests that the material itself has anisotropy microscopically. Furthermore, material shows unique inhomogeneous deformation. Also, there is possibility that these anisotropic characteristic and inhomogeneous deformation behaviour may derive from its microstructure. In future, to sufficiently describe the macroscopic stress–strain curve of NiTi we should take into consideration the material microstructure.     

二维机织复合材料弹性常数的有限元法预测

为了预测二维机织复合材料的弹性性能,建立了有限元力学分析模型。基于二维机织复合材料的几何特征,建立了参数化的单胞模型;考虑了织物纤维束呈现出的各向异性材料特征,将有限元中材料主方向转化到纤维屈曲方向,建立其力学分析有限元模型;分析了单胞边界面保持平面假设的不足,提出了对于二维机织复合材料通用的周期边界条件,获得了更为准确的二维机织复合材料的工程弹性常数。结果表明:织物衬垫单胞边界面,在单向拉伸载荷和纯剪切载荷下,呈凹凸翘曲变形,即为周期边界;应用给出的织物参数化几何建模方法与有限元求解方法,可以精确地获得工程弹性常数,数值计算结果与实验值吻合较好。      

纤维金属层板低速冲击试验和数值仿真

为开展纤维金属层板（FML）低速冲击有限元数值仿真研究,改进了传统的连续损伤力学（CDM）模型,然后对FML落锤低速冲击试验进行数值仿真,并与实验结果进行对比验证。分别采用5.11 J 和10.33 J冲击能量对FML进行落锤低速冲击试验,得到冲击载荷、位移和能量时程曲线,分析FML的动态响应和失效模式。建立了考虑塑性应变、压缩刚度衰减特征和纤维拉伸断裂损伤的新CDM模型,描述S2-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂（S2-galss/epoxy）复合材料的损伤本构,并编写VUMAT子程序,通过ABAQUS/Explicit求解器对FML落锤冲击试验进行数值仿真。研究结果表明：低能量冲击条件下,FML背面主要为鼓包和裂纹等失效模式,位移峰值随冲击能量的提高而增加,冲击载荷峰值在穿透前也随冲击能量的提高而增加;采用改进的CDM模型描述FML中S2-galss/epoxy复合材料铺层后,有限元数值计算可以较好地预测FML低速冲击载荷下的动态响应;有限元数值仿真结果表明,FML中第2层复合材料铺层发生的纤维断裂损伤比第1层的更严重。     

不同老化状态粘弹夹层结构的模态分析

Viscoelastic sandwich structure is widely used in sealing, vibration damping and noise reduction of mechanical equipment. However, viscoelastic material may appear aging phenomena in the process of long time storage, transportation and usage. The aging of viscoelastic material will result in the service performance degradation of viscoelastic sandwich structure, thus affect the performance and safe for use of whole mechanical equipment. Therefore, it is greatly required of the engineering practice to research the aging state recognition method of viscoelastic sandwich structure. In this paper, the experimental device of typical viscoelastic sandwich structure is designed. The hot oxygen accelerated aging experiment of viscoelastic material is accomplished, and the specimens with different aging degrees are obtained. The mechanical property test of viscoelastic material is implemented, and the performance indexes under different aging degrees are obtained. By the 3D modeling-importing-preprocessing method, the finite element model of viscoelastic sandwich structure is established. By importing the different parameters of viscoelastic material, the purpose of equivalent models with different aging states is reached. The finite element analysis of viscoelastic sandwich structure under different aging states is carried out, and the corresponding relations between aging state changes and natural frequency changes are built. Through impulse excitation experiment, the effectiveness of finite element model is verified. The research results show that the established finite element model of viscoelastic sandwich structure can reflect the structural aging state characteristics and its change, and can provide theoretical foundation and prior knowledge for the structural aging recognition.     

激光两坐标标准装置平台变形特性分析

介绍了激光两坐标标准装置的使用情况,结合测量仪器中常用的平台点式支承技术,针对该装置中的微晶玻璃平台的变形问题.采用轻量化、改变支承方式等方法,减小玻璃微晶平台变形对测量的影响.通过三维软件CATIA进行建模及有限元分析,对微晶玻璃平台进行了静力学分析,并最终确定了一种满足设计要求的4点支承方案.     

A study on fiber orientation influence on the mechanical response of a short fiber composite structure

This paper deals with the structural analysis of composite materials with non-homogenous orientation of the reinforcement. During this research, a short fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite is studied. In this case, inhomogeneity of the reinforcement orientation caused by injection molding manufacturing process is analyzed. The main objective of the paper is the investigation of an influence of process-induced orientation of the reinforcement on mechanical properties of the material in comparison with unidirectional and random reinforcement orientation. In particular, natural frequencies and transient response of an exemplary composite component are investigated. To specify effective properties of the composite, Mori–Tanaka’s micromechanical model is assumed. Orientation distribution of the reinforcement is determined by injection molding simulation. To determine elastic material properties dependent on non-homogenous orientation of the reinforcement, an orientation averaging procedure is taken into account. Therefore, during this study, effectiveness of the orientation averaging procedure and different closure approximations influence on the results are studied. Orientation averaging results are compared with numerical results obtained by finite element-based homogenization of composites with prescribed second-order orientation tensor. Finally, the obtained material parameters were applied into a macroscale finite element model, and numerical simulation with different boundary conditions was conducted.