定型基质专用吸水树脂的初步研究

以过硫酸铵-亚硫酸钠为引发剂,采用溶液聚合法,用马铃薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸制备定型基质专用吸水树脂,考查反应温度、中和度、引发剂、交联剂用量对聚合物吸水率的影响。结果表明,反应温度为55.0℃,中和度为85%时,所制备的吸水树脂吸蒸馏水倍率为5.2043 g.g-1;吸盐水倍率为2.3638 g.g-1,吸水速率与定型基质亲水能力匹配良好。     

淀粉接枝丙烯酸类超强吸水剂的合成

以淀粉、丙烯酸为原料,经接枝聚合合成了淀粉接枝丙烯酸类中吸水剂,着重讨论了交联剂、引发剂用量、中和度、单体组成、反应温度地吸水剂吸水率的影响,得到了吸蒸馏不８００－８５０ｇ／ｇ的超强吸水剂。     

玉米淀粉接枝丙烯酸制备高效吸水树脂的研究

本文在紫外光照射下以芬顿试剂为引发剂,制备玉米淀粉接枝丙烯酸高效吸水树脂。通过单因素法考察了中和度、淀粉与丙烯酸质量比、交联剂及引发剂用量等因素对反应的影响,并通过红外光谱分析仪(FT-IR)对产品结构进行表征。实验结果表明:在N2保护下淀粉乳浓度为5.88%,丙烯酸与淀粉的质量比为1.3∶1,引发剂用量和交联剂用量占淀粉的质量百分数分别为5.00%和2.00%,聚合温度为40℃,聚合反应时间为1h,中和度为65%,所制备淀粉吸水树脂的吸水倍率可达到631g·g-1。     

淀粉接枝丙烯酸类超强吸水剂的制备及其研究进展

概述了淀粉接枝丙烯酸类超强吸水剂的制备及其进展,详细介绍了淀粉接枝丙烯酸类超强吸水剂的制备原理、影响制备的因素以及不同的合成方法,包括间歇式水溶液聚合法、连续聚合法和反相悬浮聚合法等,并且提出了今后的发展方向。     

木薯淀粉-硅藻土-丙烯酸复合高吸水树脂的制备

以木薯淀粉、硅藻土、丙烯酸为原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,通过水溶液聚合法制备了木薯淀粉-硅藻土-丙烯酸复合高吸水树脂。分别对引发剂用量、交联剂用量、丙烯酸与淀粉的摩尔比、中和度、硅藻土用量进行单位因素实验和正交实验,并通过极差分析对影响材料吸水率的因素做统计分析。最佳的反应工艺条件为:以丙烯酸单体质量为基准,引发剂用量0.55%,交联剂用量0.06%,丙烯酸与淀粉摩尔比10.5,中和度75%,硅藻土用量18%。在此条件下合成的木薯淀粉-硅藻土-丙烯酸高吸水性树脂吸水、吸盐率分别为912 g/g,94 g/g。     

抗盐性玉米淀粉接枝丙烯酸、丙烯酸羟乙酯高吸水性树脂的研制

以过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用化学引发法制备了淀粉接枝丙烯酸、丙烯酸羟乙酯高吸水性共聚物,并研究了丙烯酸与淀粉的配比、丙烯酸羟乙酯与丙烯酸的配比、接枝聚合温度、接枝反应时间、引发剂浓度对共聚物吸液率的影响。制得的高吸水性树脂吸去离子水能力可达560g.g-1以上,吸0.9%溶液达62g.g-1以上。     

环保型木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸共聚物的合成研究

以N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂.考察了淀粉含量、中和度、引发剂用量、交联剂用量等因素对反应的影响.结果表明:在木薯淀粉含量为10%,引发剂用量为0.3%,交联剂用量为0.025%,丙烯酸与氢氧化钠的中和度为85%的条件下,制备得到的吸水性树脂吸水率达1355 g·g-1,其吸水速率快、加压保水能力强、热稳定性好.     

牛皮纸制备高吸水树脂及结构表征

将牛皮纸进行碱处理,制成微晶纤维素,与淀粉、丙烯酸钠通过反相悬浮聚合法接枝成高吸水树脂。正交实验表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应温度55℃,反应时间3h,丙烯酸中和度75%,交联剂、引发剂、淀粉及纤维素用量分别为单体质量的0.6%,0.5%,10%,10%,对最佳条件下制备的树脂进行吸水倍率测试,并用透反显微镜清晰观察到树脂吸水后的网络结构。结果表明,该吸水树脂具有良好的吸水性能,吸蒸馏率达727.8g/g,吸盐水率达70.8g/g。     

超吸水性接枝共聚淀粉的制备工艺研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,丙烯酸为接枝单体,K_2S_2O_8-Na_2S_2O_3为引发剂,制备了丙烯酸接枝淀粉超强吸水剂。通过正交实验优化了接枝工艺,并以吸水倍率为指标,确定了最佳工艺条件:淀粉与丙烯酸质量比1:4,引发剂用量为淀粉质量的3.5%,交联剂用量为淀粉质量的0.8%,接枝温度为35℃,接枝时间为2h。在此条件下合成的丙烯酸接枝淀粉超强吸水剂对纯水的吸水倍率可达368%。     

交联剂种类及用量对淀粉类吸水树脂吸水性能的影响

以玉米淀粉、丙烯酸、膨润土为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备超强吸水树脂,并对产物进行性能测试。在得到最佳反应条件的基础上,考察了不同交联剂对此类超强吸水树脂性能、结构的影响,并优选较适合淀粉类超强吸水树脂的交联剂。以AlCl3为交联剂,且AlCl3用量为0.015%时,所得超强吸水树脂的吸去离子水量达到最高,为433.96 g/g,AlCl3用量为0.01%时,吸0.9%的NaCl溶液量达到最高,为73.76 g/g。     

丙烯酸系三元共聚制备高吸水性树脂的研究

用反向悬浮聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸铵-丙烯酰胺-甲基丙烯酸甲酯三元共聚物高吸水性树脂。研究亍共聚物吸液性能与共聚物组成、交联剂用量、中和度等之间的关系。实验结果表明,该共聚物的吸水能力在2000g／g以上,吸0．9％NaCl溶液能力在130g／g以上,并且吸液速率快,在6min之内即可达到最大吸液量的90％。     

PEGDA交联PAA-K高吸水树脂制备及性能研究

采用紫外引发、微波引发方法分别制备聚丙烯酸钾(PAA-K)高吸水树脂,研究了交联剂聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)、光引发剂2,2二甲氧基苯基乙酮(BDK)、引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)以及丙烯酸(AA)中和度对PAA-K高吸水树脂吸水性能的影响以及两种方法制备PAA-K树脂性能的比较。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热失重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等仪器对PAA-K高吸水树脂进行表征。结果表明,在最佳优化条件下,紫外引发PAA-K高吸水树脂在蒸馏水和生理盐水中的最大吸水倍率分别为3297 g/g和419 g/g;微波引发PAA-K高吸水树脂在蒸馏水和生理盐水中的最大吸水倍率分别为2861 g/g和414 g/g。     

马铃薯废渣/聚丙烯酸/坡缕石黏土高吸水树脂的制备及表征

采用马铃薯废渣(PWR,粒径<180目)作为纤维素和淀粉源,过硫酸钾(KSB)为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,复配坡缕石(PGS)黏土,与部分中和的丙烯酸(AA)通过自由基引发在水溶液中接枝共聚制备低成本PWR-g-PAA/PGS高吸水树脂。借助扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)及热重分析(TGA)对高吸水树脂的形貌、结构及热稳定性进行了表征和分析,并测试其吸液性能。结果表明,当坡缕石黏土和马铃薯废渣的用量占反应体系总质量的17.5%时,WPR-g-PAA/PGS高吸水树脂对w(NaCl)=0.9%水溶液、蒸馏水的最大吸收量分别为41.0、538.6 g/g,保水率为96.1%,凝胶强度达11.3 kPa。通过高吸水树脂的吸水溶胀过程确定了材料的吸水动力学行为符合non-Fickon扩散模型。     

丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂溶液共聚与吸液性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合对丙烯酸-丙烯酸胺(PAAAM)高吸水树脂的合成条件进行了优化。结果表明,在室温下最大吸蒸馏水倍率为2710g/g,在w(NaCl)=0.9%的水溶液中吸水倍率为133g/g。考察了单体质量分数、交联剂质量分数以及引发剂质量分数对PAAAM在蒸馏水及w(NaCl)=0.9%溶液中吸液性能的影响,并对实验结果进行了回归分析。     

Graft copolymerization of sodium acrylate onto organophilic montmorillonites initiated by potassium diperiodatonickelate (IV) and application of graft copolymer in water‐superabsorbent

The graft copolymerization of sodium acrylate (SA) onto organophilic montmorillonites (OMMT) initiated by redox reaction of potassium diperiodatonickelate (IV) [Ni(IV)] with reactive groups on OMMT substrate was studied in alkaline medium. The grafting parameters have been investigated as a function of the ratio of monomer to OMMT, the concentration of initiator, temperature, and pH value. The structure of the graft copolymer (OMMT‐g‐PSA) was systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that [Ni(IV)] belongs to a highly efficient initiator for graft copolymerization of SA onto OMMT via the redox iniation (grafting efficiency > 95%). Furthermore, the experimental results also showed that the graft copolymer gels synthesized under optimal condition exhibited a maximum water absorbency of 1104 g/g in distilled water and 111 g/g in 0.2 wt % NaCl solution, respectively, and its water retention ability is more than 91% after centrifugal separation for 2 h. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Studies on poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite. I. Synthesis and characterization

A novel poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite was synthesized by graft copolymerization reaction of acrylic acid (AA) on attapulgite micropowder using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator in aqueous solution. The effects on water absorbency of such factors as reaction temperature, initial monomer concentration, degree of neutralization of AA, amount of crosslinker, initiator, and attapulgite were investigated. These crosslinked superabsorbent composites were characterized by thermogravimetetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The graft copolymerization reaction of AA on attapulgite micropowder was characterized by FTIR. The water absorbencies for these superabsorbent composites in water and saline solutions were investigated and water‐retention tests were carried out. Results obtained from this study show that the water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite synthesized under optimal synthesis conditions with an attapulgite content of 10% exhibited an absorption of 1017 g H₂O/g sample and 77 g H₂O/g sample in distilled water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1596–1603, 2004     

聚丙烯酸钾/平菇菌糠复合高吸水树脂制备及性能研究

采用微波辐射引发合成了聚丙烯酸钾(PAA-K)/平菇菌糠新型高吸水树脂,研究了平菇菌糠、引发剂和交联剂相对丙烯酸(AA)的比率以及丙烯酸中和度、微波辐射功率等对高吸水树脂吸水性能的影响,同时采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、元素分析仪、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等仪器分析手段对复合高吸水树脂的分子结构、热稳定性、表面形态及元素分布进行表征。结果表明,在最佳合成条件下,复合高吸水树脂的最大吸液倍率在蒸馏水中为827 g/g,在浓度0.9 %的NaCl溶液(生理盐水)中为87 g/g;在高速离心机转速为6000 r/min下,50 min复合高水树脂的失水率仅为5.2 %。     

水溶性微交联丙烯酰胺共聚物的表征与溶液性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为主要单体,以2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸(AMPS)为增溶单体,以二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联单体,采用自由基胶束聚合法合成了水溶性微交联共聚物(PADM),研究了AMPS和DVB的反应加量、NaC l浓度、温度及剪切速率对共聚物溶液性能的影响。结果表明,引入DVB使共聚物具有优良的增粘和抗盐能力,DVB摩尔分率为0.7%的0.15 g/dL PADM于45℃在淡水和7.5 g/dL盐水中的表观粘度分别为376.9 mPa.s和155.4 mPa.s。另外,PADM也显示了良好的抗剪切和耐温性能。     

Synthesis and properties of poly(sodium acrylate‐co‐2‐acryloylamino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid)/attapulgite as a salt‐resistant superabsorbent composite

A novel salt‐resistant superabsorbent composite was prepared by copolymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid, 2‐acryloylamino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and attapulgite (APT). To enhance the swelling rate (SR) of the copolymer, sodium bicarbonate was used as a foaming agent in the course of copolymerization. Furthermore, for improving the properties of swollen hydrogel, such as strength, resilience and dispersion, the copolymer was surface‐crosslinked with glycerine and sodium silicate, and then the surface‐crosslinked copolymer was blended with aluminum sulfate and sodium carbonate in post treatment process. The influences of some reaction conditions, such as amount of AMPS, APT, and initiator, and neutralization degree of acrylic acid on water absorbency in 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution both under atmospheric pressure (WA) and load (WA_P, P ≈ 2 × 10³ Pa) were investigated. In addition, the effect of them on SR was also studied. The WA and WA_P of the superabsorbent composite prepared under optimal conditions in 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution were 52 g·g^?1 and 8 g·g^?1, respectively. Besides, the SR was fast, and it could reach 0.393 mL·(g·s)^?1. Moreover, the swollen hydrogel possessed excellent salt resistance, hydrogel resilience and dispersion. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Acrylic superabsorbents: a meticulous investigation on copolymer composition and modification

In this paper, a six-factor and five-level orthogonal test was designed to investigate the influence factors on the solution absorbency of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) super absorbent resin (PAA/AM SAR). The results showed that the mass ratio of AA to AM played a predominant role in the synthesis of high-performance SAR. The copolymer composition $\overline{{F_{1} }}$ was 0.625 for the optimal absorbency copolymer. To control the copolymer composition, the reactivity ratios of AA and AM, which were 0.365 and 0.753, respectively, were determined at 60 °C using the integral method. The concentration of residual monomers was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV) and gas chromatography (GC) methods. The copolymer composition was controlled by molar fraction of monomer AA $\mathop f\nolimits_{1}^{0}$  = 0.64, monomer conversion at 80–90 % and copolymerization at 60 °C. To improve the solution absorbency and water retention, PAA/AM SAR was modified by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose and kaolin clay (KC). It is worth noting that the sample modified by the feed AA and AM PVA significantly increased the deionized water absorbency to 1,617 g/g and KC enhanced the 0.9 wt% NaCl absorbency to 189 g/g, which were higher than those of the commercial products. The chemical structure of copolymers was characterized by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹³C NMR) and fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) and their pore morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM).