新型天然橡胶吸油材料的制备及性能

以天然橡胶(NR)接枝马来酸酐(NR-g-MAH)和NR接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯(NR-g-MMA)为NR/甲基丙烯酸十八酯-丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯共聚物(SMA-BA-St)吸油材料的增容剂,研究了各组分配比、增容剂的种类及用量对吸油材料吸油能力和力学性能的影响,并采用热重分析及扫描电子显微镜对吸油材料进行了表征。结果表明,以NR-g-MAH为增容剂时,吸油材料的力学性能和吸油率优于以NR-g-MMA为增容剂时的吸油材料;当NR/SMA-BA-St/NR-g-MAH(质量比)为100/10/5时,材料具有较好的力学性能、吸油性能和老化性能;随着增容剂接枝率的增大,吸油材料的力学性能和吸油性能呈上升趋势;吸油材料在CCl4、甲苯、苯、柴油和机油中的饱和吸油率分别为37.48,32.45,29.26,23.06,16.79g/g,保油率可超过85%;对CCl4的二次吸油率可达30g/g;以NR-g-MAH和NR-g-MMA增容吸油材料的热稳定性比SMA-BA-St优异,且在常温下使用很稳定;NR-g-MAH的增容效果优于NR-g-MMA,有效改善了NR与SMA-BA-St的相容性。     

丙烯酸酯系共聚物高吸油树脂的合成及性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸十八酯（SMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）和苯乙烯（St）为单体，二乙烯苯（DVB）为交联剂，过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）作引发剂，采用悬浮聚合法合成高吸油性树脂。以吸油率作为性能指标，利用正交试验分析各种反应因素对树脂吸油率的影响，得出最佳工艺条件，并系统研究了体系中单体组成及配比、交联剂、引发荆、分散剂及致孔剂用量等因素对吸油树脂性能的影响。结果表明，当m（SMA）：m（BA）：m（St）=42：58：8，ω（BPO）=1.0％，ω（DVB）=1．2％，ω（PVA）=0．2％，ω（CHCl3）=10％时，树脂吸油率达到最大，可吸收四氯化碳23．61g／g，甲苯22．58g／g，笨18．85g／g，柴油14.8g／g。树脂的保油率在90％以上。经过热重分析可知，树脂的稳定性比较好，分解温度在333．7℃。     

氯化石蜡—g—聚苯乙烯新型吸油树脂的合成与性能

用氯化石蜡（CP）与铜试剂二乙基二硫氨基甲酸钠反应合成了分子链上带有多个引发基团的大分子引发剂（MI）,用此大分子引发剂引发苯乙烯等单体进行接枝聚合反应合成氯化石蜡接枝聚苯乙烯新型吸油树脂。重点考察了原料组成、温度等对吸油树脂的吸油性能的影响。实验结果表明：新型吸油树脂对不同的油品均表面出较高的吸油倍率。     

聚丙烯酸酯吸油膨胀橡胶的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸乙酯（EA）、丙烯酸十二酯（LA）和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）为单体,采用乳液聚合的方法制备了含羟基的丙烯酸酯共聚物,塑炼后与多缩水甘油酯交联剂和白炭黑进行混炼、硫化,制得吸油膨胀橡胶（OSR）。研究了单体配比、乳化剂用量、交联剂用量对OSR吸油膨胀性能和力学性能的影响,并研究了吸油时间对OSR吸油膨胀性能的影响。结果表明：随着LA单体比例的增加,OSR的硬度和拉伸强度降低,吸油膨胀率增大。随着交联剂用量的增加,OSR的硬度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率增大,吸油膨胀率随着交联剂用量的增加呈先升后降的趋势。随着吸油时间的增加,OSR的吸油膨胀率增大,在10h后吸油膨胀率几乎不变。     

纤维增强石墨橡胶板及其制备方法

淀粉-(甲基)丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物、包含该共聚物的吸油膨胀橡胶及油井封隔器     

吸油树脂对天然橡胶性能的影响

研究了吸油树脂用量对天然橡胶(NR)的吸油率、硫化特性及物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,吸油树脂会对NR胶料产生硫化迟延作用;吸油树脂会增加NR的吸油率并随着吸油树脂和吸油时间的增加,同时能改善吸油胶料的表面质量;随着吸油树脂和吸油时间的增加,胶料物理机械性能下降。     

秸秆的改性及吸油能力

处理海上溢油需要大量廉价的吸油材料。通过改性小麦秸秆,可以制得具有较高吸油性能的秸秆。考察了温度、时间、试剂、催化剂对秸秆改性的影响。结果表明,以乙酸酐（AA）作反应物,二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为反应溶剂,4-二甲氨基吡啶（DMAP）作催化剂,反应时间2 h,反应温度100 ℃,秸秆的吸油率达到13.9 g/g,比改性前提高了54.4%,并利用红外光谱对改性前后的秸秆化学结构进行了分析。实验结果为这一工艺技术的工业化奠定了基础。     

甘蔗渣纤维素吸油材料的制备及性能研究

在1-丁基-3-甲基氯咪唑([Bmim]Cl)离子液体均相反应介质体系下,以易改性甘蔗渣为原材料,经1%的Na OH预处理后,选用N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂、过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,采用均相接枝共聚制备天然纤维素基吸油材料。探究接枝反应中单体、引发剂、交联剂用量以及反应时间和反应温度对接枝效果的影响。采用SEM、FT-IR和XRD对甘蔗渣纤维素接枝前后的形态、结构以及结晶度进行表征,结果表明,接枝共聚物表面变粗糙且结晶度降低已成功接枝。最优条件下所制备甘蔗渣纤维素接枝率可达471.25%,水面浮油回收率为22.56 g/g,吸水率为2.55 g/g。通过均相共聚法实现对甘蔗渣的化学改性,所制备的吸油材料可应用于海洋石油污染处理。     

纳米聚丙烯-丙烯酸酯改性材料对海面浮油的吸收性能研究

纳米聚丙烯-丙烯酸酯改性材料可用于吸附海面浮油,是一种性能优良的吸油材料。文章研究了纳米聚丙烯-丙烯酸酯改性材料的油水选择性、重复使用性能、保油性、吸附动力学、对不同油品的吸附性能,并对由纳米聚丙烯-丙烯酸酯改性材料制作的不同形式的吸油产品进行了海面浮油吸收的中试研究。实验结果表明,纳米聚丙烯-丙烯酸酯改性材料具备优良的亲油疏水性、重复利用性和保油性能,其对柴油的吸附符合二级吸附动力学方程。与市售聚丙烯吸油产品相比,纳米聚丙烯-丙烯酸酯改性材料吸油产品对海面浮油吸收效果较好,具有良好的发展前景。     

乙酸乙烯酯与PVC接枝共聚物的制备及其性能

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,通过接枝共聚反应制备了乙酸乙烯酯接枝PVC的共聚物,考察了脱氯时间,引发剂、分散剂和单体的用量,反应温度,接枝时间对接枝共聚的影响,以及单体用量对接枝共聚物吸油性能和压缩性能的影响。结果表明:PVC与乙酸乙烯酯适合的接枝共聚工艺条件为:PVC脱氯时间1 h,分散剂用量0.8 g,引发剂用量0.9 g,反应温度90℃,单体用量7 g,接枝时间2 h。     

Maleated Natural Rubber as a Coupling Agent for Recycled High Density Polyethylene/Natural Rubber/Kenaf Powder Biocomposites

Kenaf powder (KP) was incorporated into recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE)/natural rubber (NR) blend using an internal mixer at 165°C and rotor speed of 50 rpm. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites decreased, while the tensile modulus increased with increasing filler loading. The water absorption was found to increase as the filler content increased. The maleic anhydride grafted natural rubber was prepared and used to enhance the composites performance. The addition of MANR as a coupling agent improved the tensile properties of rHDPE/NR/KP biocomposites. The water absorption was also reduced with the addition of MANR.     

聚合物接枝纳米碳纤维/聚苯乙烯复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

采用自由基聚合方法,在纳米碳纤维(CNF)表面接枝聚丙烯酸正丁酯(PnBA)和聚苯乙烯(PS),利用接枝的嵌段聚合物作为大分子偶联剂制备CNF/PS复合材料。红外傅里叶变换光谱(FT-IR)研究表明,嵌段聚合物PnBA-b-PS被成功地接枝到CNF表面。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和力学性能测试结果显示,CNF与PS复合材料界面结合得到改善,力学性能明显提高。     

聚氯乙烯-g-聚苯乙烯新型吸油树脂的合成与性能

用聚氯乙烯与铜试剂二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠反应合成了分子链上带有多个引发基团的聚氯乙烯大分子引发剂,用此大分子引发剂引发苯乙烯单体进行接枝聚合反应合成了聚氯乙烯接枝聚苯乙烯新型吸油树脂。重点考察了接枝聚合反应时间和后处理对树脂性能的影响。实验结果表明：该新型吸油树脂对氯仿等含氯有机溶剂具有很强的吸附能力     

功能化还原氧化石墨烯/天然橡胶导热复合材料的性能研究

采用2-巯基苯并咪唑(防老剂MB,以下简称MB)对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行还原及功能化,同时与采用抗坏血酸(VC)对GO进行还原对比,分别制得MB还原氧化石墨烯(rGO-MB)和VC还原氧化石墨烯(rGO-VC),并采用胶乳共混法制备rGO-MB/NR和rGO-VC/NR复合材料,对其性能进行研究。结果表明:MB成功还原了GO,MB接枝到了GO上;与rGO-VC/NR复合材料相比,rGO-MB/NR复合材料具有较低的Payne效应和较高的结合胶含量,拉伸强度和导热性能均明显提高。     

Polypropylene/natural rubber composites filled with recycled newspaper: Effect of chemical treatment using maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane

A study on effect of chemical treatment using maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP) and 3‐aminopropyltiethoxysilane (3‐APE) was investigated. The performance of the MAPP and 3‐APE were investigated by means of torque development, mechanical properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy morphology, and water absorption. The results revealed that the use of MAPP or 3‐APE in the composites has increased the stabilization torque, tensile strength, Young's modulus, water absorption, and thermal stability of the PP/NR composites. The incorporation of MAPP in the composites shows higher stabilization torque, tensile strength, E_B, Young's modulus, and lower water uptake when compared with the use of 3‐APE in the PP/NR composites. TGA and DSC results indicated that primary and secondary peak of DTG curve, initial degradation temperature (T₀), degradation temperature (T_deg), melting temperature (T_m), heat of fusion of composites (ΔH_f(com)), crystallinity of composites (X_PP), and PP (X_PP) increased, while total weight loss and thermal degradation rate decreased for both treated composites. The MAPP‐treated RNP‐filled PP/NR composites were found to be more thermal resistance and more crystalline than 3‐APE‐treated filled PP/NR RNP composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Water absorption and mechanical properties of PP/HIPS hybrid composites filled with wood flour

Water absorption and mechanical performance of the injection‐molded hybrid composites prepared from different ratios of two polymer blends (57 wt%), two compatibilizers (3 wt%), and two wood species (40 wt%) were investigated. The ratio of polypropylene and high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) gradually increased in the blend (from 10 to 30 wt%). Styrene–ethylene–butylene–styreneblock copolymer and maleic anhydride‐grafted PP (MAPP) were used as compatibilizer (3 wt%). The shore D hardness of the PP/wood composites was improved by the incorporation of the HIPS. The HIPS/wood flour composites showed higher tensile modulus but lower tensile strength than the PP/wood composites. The water resistance of the PP/wood composites decreased with increasing HIPS content. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:863–869, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Influence of functional groups on properties of styrene grafted NR using glutaraldehyde as curing agent

Natural rubber grafted polystyrene (NR‐g‐PS) and natural rubber grafted polystyrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate (NR‐g‐P(S‐co‐MMA)) were prepared by emulsion polymerization technique using tert‐BuHP‐TEPA as a redox initiator to improve the thermal and mechanical stability of NR. Additional peaks appear in the Fourier‐transform infrared spectra at 695 and 1,732 cm^?1 confirms the formation of graft polymerization. The existence of functional groups on the grafted NR was also clearly confirmed from the morphology obtained from transmission electron microscopy analysis. The effect of curing on the mechanical and thermal properties of grafted NR has also been studied. Glutaraldehyde was used as the curing agent for the grafted and ungrafted NRs throughout the entire course of investigation. It was found that curing of grafted NR samples enhanced tensile strength, modulus, hardness, and thermal stability. Grafted NR showed the tensile strength values of 12 and 17 MPa for NR‐g‐PS and NR‐g‐P(S‐co‐MMA), respectively. Enhancement in thermal stability of NR was confirmend from the activation energy of degradation calculated based on thermogravimetric analyzer. The value of activation energy for NR (135.13 kJ/mol) was found to be increased to 147.89 kJ/mol (NR‐g‐PS) and 151.6 kJ/mol (NR‐g‐P(S‐co‐MMA)). The overall properties of NR have been strongly affected by the interaction and chain bundling between functional groups present in the grafted copolymer and the unsaturated chains in its structure. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:339–346, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

硅藻土补强NR复合材料的性能研究

以偶联剂Si69为改性剂,制备改性硅藻土/NR复合材料,并对其物理性能、热稳定性和动态力学性能进行研究.结果表明,与未改性硅藻土/NR复合材料相比,改性硅藻土/NR复合材料的物理性能和热稳定性较好,玻璃化温度升高,储能模量和损耗模量相近.