压电谐振器双闭环驱动电路研究

压电谐振器是谐振式传感器和执行器的核心部件,通常工作在共振和稳幅状态。采用一种锁相环(PLL)和自动增益(AGC)相结合的双闭环控制驱动电路,分别实现了谐振器共振频率的跟踪激励和压电振子输出信号的稳幅控制。优化设计了双闭环电路中各元器件参数,使得压电振子能稳定工作在谐振频率点。参照压电谐振器开环测试数据和闭环测试数据,双闭环驱动电路能将谐振器相位锁定在59°(误差3°),输出信号峰峰值稳定在12.8V(误差0.2V)。实验结果表明,该电路设计能够达到稳定谐振器输出信号幅值和跟踪谐振器共振频率的目的。     

压电谐振器特殊模态振动特性研究

针对压电谐振器振动特性分析的应用需求,构建了一种小型化、廉价的矢量分析系统。系统采用STM32控制4路DDS芯片产生驱动信号和矢量解析正交信号。通过向DDS芯片写频率控制字,对压电谐振器进行扫频驱动。同时采用STM32内置ADC,采样并计算获取各频率点压电谐振器输出信号的幅值和相位。通过提取压电谐振器两个特殊振动模态下的共振频率、品质因数(Q值)、输出信号相位等振动特性参数,获得驱动信号对这些参数的影响规律,系统分析了驱动信号对压电谐振器振动特性的影响,为压电谐振器的驱动、信号检测提供了有效的技术途径,实验结果为压电谐振器振动特性分析提供了依据。     

方体压电谐振器共振频率电调谐技术

受环境因素的影响,压电谐振器的共振频率会发生漂移。调谐技术因采用特定的手段主动调节共振频率而得到广泛应用,但传统附加质量块、激光烧蚀等机械调谐技术费时费力,灵活性不好。针对方体压电谐振器该文提出了一种激励信号幅值调谐和直流调谐的电调谐方法,可精密调节谐振器的共振频率。设计了一种基于ZYNQ系列主控芯片的数字化测控电路,实现了振子扫频激励、输出信号的幅值相位检测,为激励信号幅值调谐和直流调谐提供了实验硬件平台。实验结果表明,激励信号幅值调谐的共振频率变化范围为347.850～348.000 kHz,直流调谐的调节范围为347.720～347.820 kHz。该技术为压电谐振器共振频率精密调节提供可靠的理论与实践途径。     

科式流量计数字闭环幅值检测算法研究

基于科式流量计信号解算精度要求,闭环控制要使流量管信号幅值维持稳定状态,必须以采样信号幅值为基准不断调整驱动信号增益,故幅值检测单元是数字闭环控制的关键.在满足流量管闭环自激振动条件下,由模拟幅值检测电路改进提出数字幅值检测算法.实验对比分析,数字幅值过零检测算法要优于基于FFT和Hilbert幅值检测改进算法,测量精度高,实时性好,节省CPU资源,具有很高的工程应用价值.     

用于旋转磁场标准装置的低频双路交流恒流源

为产生稳定的旋转磁场，设计了一种频率、幅值及相位均可控双路交流恒流源，恒流源以STM32单片机为核心，通过信号发生器、增益放大器和恒流源电路设计，使得恒流源输出频率分辨率优于 0.1Ｈｚ，相位差分辨率优于 0.1°，利用ADS128对两路输出电流同步采样，并采用参数估计法拟合信号幅度?拟合结果结合PID控制器对电流进行动态调整，实现输出电流的闭环控制，测试结果表明:恒流源在0.1ｍＡ~ 1Ａ 范围内输出幅值分辨率为 0.1ｍＡ，电流输出相对误差优于5‰。     

一种闭环控制的压电陶瓷微位移器驱动电源

介绍了压电陶瓷微位移器驱动电源的闭环反馈控制驱动系统的组成和工作原理，并对控制器的硬件系统构成进行了说明。软件采用模块化设计，可根据实际工作场合通过软件设定为开环控制和闭环控制．在数字控制算法d(t)和可控输出稳压电压源的设计上有所突破。通过合理地设计软件算法d(t)来补偿电致伸缩陶瓷h(t)特性上的缺陷。     

2004年吉林省大学生电子设计竞赛电压控制振荡器(F题)

本系统主要由电源、锁相环振荡器和稳幅电路三部分组成。实现了题目给定的基本要求,并出色地完成了设计任务的发挥部分。电路采用单片集成振荡器(MC1648)、变容二极管等组成压控振荡器产生正弦波;利用单片机(89C51)控制集成锁相环(BU2614)进而控制压控振荡器得到高频率稳定度的输出信号;利用振荡器内部AGC电路自动控制振荡器增益,稳定输出幅度;采集并显示输出信号幅度。键盘预置频率值以及振荡频率步进值,能根据需要设置不同的步进值。采用液晶显示输出频率、峰峰值,界面友好并有效降低系统功耗。多路输出的电源装置供给系统稳定运行所需各类电源。制作工艺特点是高频及部分低频电路采用印刷电路板,减小分布参数以及介质损耗对系统工作稳定性的影响。采用集成锁相环芯片进行振荡频率闭环控制,频率输出稳定度大大提高。     

一种用于带通Σ-Δ调制器的25MHz低功耗开关电容谐振器

介绍了一种运用于带通Σ-Δ调制器的谐振频率为25MHz的低功耗开关电容DD谐振器电路.电路采用了运算放大器共享技术和双采样技术,同时对单元电路进行优化,达到功耗最小化.该谐振器电路采用SMIC 0.25μm混合信号CMOS工艺进行设计,整个电路模块面积仅为0.09mm2.测试结果表明,使用该谐振器电路的带通Σ-Δ调制器工作于100MHz采样频率时,对于信号带宽为1kHz的输入信号,调制器的输出在谐振频率处SFDR约为77dB.整个谐振器功耗为10.5mW.     

一种微型机器鱼的压电驱动系统设计

压电陶瓷用作微型机器人的致动器具有静音、低功耗等优点,但在悬臂型应用中高位移所需的高驱动电压是其应用难点.该文针对一种双鳍式微型机器鱼的压电致动器,设计了可控制输出频率、幅值的高压正弦信号驱动系统.压电致动器的驱动模块采用PA443高压运放设计外围电路,运放电源基于集成开关芯片设计升压(BOOST)和降压-升压(BUC...     

基于Buck电路的压电陶瓷脉冲驱动电源研究

为提升传统压电陶瓷驱动电源的效率与动态性能,以双N型金属 氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（MOSFET）降压拓扑为基础,设计了一种新颖的压电陶瓷脉冲驱动电源方案,并进行了理论分析与实验验证。电源系统中主电路对输入高压进行降压调节,采样网络实时地检测压电陶瓷的驱动电压与电流,通过闭环控制对输出电压进行调节。同时,为使压电陶瓷驱动电源具有良好的自动调节能力,引入了模糊比例 积分 微分(PID)控制算法,提高了驱动电源的动态性能。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.