连铸坯轧制中厚板探伤不合格原因分析与改进措施

南钢利用由新投产连铸机生产的370 mm、460 mm断面板坯,轧制60～150 mm厚度钢板,出现批量探伤不合格、改判量大的问题,对合同交付产生不利影响。从探伤不合格钢板取样并借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜等仪器进行检测,结果发现：探伤不合格钢板的内部存在偏析、疏松、夹杂和组织应力裂纹缺陷,致使探伤不合格。通过采取加强冶炼、坯料堆垛、轧制工艺优化等措施,生产钢板的探伤合格率提升到99.8%。     

15MnNbR钢板探伤不合格原因分析

某炼钢厂生产的15MnNbR钢按正常工艺轧制、正火、检验生产,钢板力学性能、表面质量全部合格,但在进行超声波探伤检测时出现了大量不合格钢板.采用金相、电子探针分析了探伤不合格的原因,提出了工艺改进措施.     

压力容器用中厚板Q345R探伤不合格原因分析

针对Q345R钢板探伤不合格问题,从生产过程、金相检验、扫描电镜检测等方面进行分析,结果表明钢中的夹杂物、中心裂纹是造成探伤不合格的主要原因。通过优化相关的生产工艺,可以避免探伤不合格现象的产生,对提高Q345R钢板探伤合格率起到关键作用。     

厚规格合金模具板探伤不合格原因分析及改进

针对厚规格合金模具板探伤不合格问题,采用酸洗低倍、金相、电子探针等手段对缺陷试样进行了分析,找出了钢板探伤不合格的原因,并制定了相应的改进措施.结果表明:铸坯中心疏松是钢板探伤不合格的原因,通过从提高钢液补缩能力和铸坯在轧制过程中的变形渗透两方面入手,改善了铸坯中心疏松,提高了钢板探伤合格率.     

中厚钢板探伤不合格原因的分析及控制

为解决生产的钢板出现较多探伤不合格的问题,采用高倍金相检验、扫描电镜及能谱分析等手段对探伤不合格的中厚板进行取样分析。发现探伤不合格的原因有:钢板的内部存在较严重的偏析,偏析带形成异常组织导致内部产生微裂纹;钢板夹杂物含量高,特别是硫化物夹杂严重影响钢板探伤质量;钢板存在较严重的疏松,在轧制过程中未完全焊合;钢板晶粒特别粗大,影响探伤检验结果;钢板虽然内部质量满足标准要求,但是由于表面氧化铁皮较厚,也会影响钢板探伤质量。通过优化精炼、连铸及轧制工艺后,钢板探伤三级合格率达到95.7%,探伤正品率达到了99.6%。     

S500M钢板整炉探伤报废原因分析

S500M钢板整炉探伤不合格,严重影响了企业效益.以58 mm厚度探伤不合格钢板为研究对象,利用金相显微镜、万能拉伸机对金相组织、拉伸断口进行检测分析.结果 表明:板厚1/2处的氢致裂纹是导致探伤不合格的主要原因.通过冶炼工艺的优化改进,消除了钢板因整炉探伤不合格报废的现象.     

影响中厚板探伤合格率的因素分析

为提高钢板探伤合格率,对钢板探伤不合格原因进行数理统计及对不合格钢板取样微观分析,找出造成钢板探伤不合格的主要原因为氢脆、裂纹、夹杂、分层;针对存在的问题,对精炼、连铸、轧钢等工序工艺进行优化,对头坯、尾坯、钢板轧制压缩比进行分类管理;通过实施以上改进措施,2009年中厚板卷厂钢板探伤合格率由2008年的95.49%提...     

管线钢板探伤不合格的原因分析及改进措施

针对某钢厂生产X60管线钢板时突然出现大批量超声波探伤不合格的情况,利用金相显微镜、电子显微镜及电子探针等手段对钢板探伤不合格部位进行了观察、分析。结果表明:钢板厚度中心位置硫化物、氧化物等夹杂物聚集引起的微裂纹是造成探伤不合格的主要原因。根据分析检测结果,提出了相应的工艺改进措施。     

Q345D风电钢探伤不合格原因分析

八一钢铁公司生产的部分Q345D风电钢超声波探伤检测不合格。对探伤不合格的钢板进行取样,进行金相组织检验,研究Q345D钢板探伤不合格的原因。结果表明:钢板中心存在着带状组织、硫化物偏聚及贝氏体和马氏体组织,在热应力、组织应力和有害元素偏聚的联合作用下,引起内部裂纹,导致Q345D钢板探伤不合格。通过优化连铸工艺,改进轧制冷却工艺,可减少带状组织及中心马氏体的形成。     

15MnNbR钢板探伤不合格原因分析

某炼钢厂生产的15MnNbR钢按正常工艺轧制、正火、检验生产。钢板的力学性能、表面质量全部合格，但在进行超声波探伤检测时却出现了大量的不合格钢板。采用金相、电子探针分析了探伤不合格的原因，提出了工艺改进的措施。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

Intralesional and topical chemotherapy and immunotherapy

This article covers the principles and applications of radiation therapy in horses. The goal in treating tumors by irradiation is tumor control with minimum treatment complications. Various treatment techniques are available to achieve this goal. The prognosis depends on many factors such as the extent and location of the tumor, tumor type and tumor cell proliferation. Radiation therapy is a very effective treatment modality for equine tumors but logistical reasons limit its impact in equine oncology.