聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及表征

用哌嗪(PIP)溶液为水相反应单体,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)正庚烷溶液为有机相反应单体,通过界面聚合法制备聚哌嗪酰胺中空纤维复合纳滤膜,研究了水相单体和有机相单体浓度对纳滤膜的影响及基膜预处理、对复合纳滤膜进行后处理对复合纳滤膜分离性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AMF)对制备的纳滤膜进行表征,所制备的聚酰胺复合纳滤膜在操作压力0.6 MPa下,对质量浓度2 000 mg/L的MgSO4溶液的脱除率为90%以上。     

聚哌嗪酰胺-SiO_2/聚砜中空纤维纳滤膜的制备及表征

以聚砜(PSf)为基膜,哌嗪(PIP)为水相单体、均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为油相单体,采用界面聚合的方法制备了聚哌嗪酰胺-SiO_2/PSf中空纤维纳滤膜,通过在水相或者油相中添加SiO_2纳米粒子,使膜在维持较高截留率的情况下提高膜通量,讨论了界面聚合时间、SiO_2在水相或油相中的含量对膜性能的影响。结果表明,当水相PIP的质量浓度为10 g/L、SiO_2、PIP的质量比为0.05,油相TMC的质量浓度为1.5 g/L、界面聚合时间10 s,并在60℃下热处理15 min时,所得纳滤膜具有良好的分离性能,对于无机盐的截留率大小为Na_2SO_4MgSO_4NaClMgCl_2,表明纳滤膜表面带负电;对活性艳蓝溶液的截留率可达90%以上。     

基于树状分子聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)的复合纳滤膜制备及性能研究

以聚砜超滤膜为支撑膜,通过聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM,G0)与均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)的界面聚合反应制备复合纳滤膜。首先优化了界面聚合过程,并通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)进行了膜的表面形貌分析,最后考察了纳滤膜对Na2SO4、不同分子量聚乙二醇及小分子有机物的分离性能。结果表明:较优的纳滤膜制备条件为:PAMAM浓度0.25%(wt),TMC浓度0.3%(wt),界面聚合时间90 s,热处理温度60℃。FESEM分析表明经界面聚合反应后,超滤膜表面形成了一层致密的活性层。随着操作压力的增加及Na2SO4浓度的降低,膜对盐的截留率均不断增大。复合纳滤膜可有效截留盐,且其截留分子量(MWCO)处于600~1000 g mol 1。     

新型间位芳纶基聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及性能研究

以聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺(PMIA)为材料,通过相转化法制备了PMIA基膜,在此基础上,以哌嗪(PIP)溶液为水相单体,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)正己烷溶液为有机相单体,通过界面聚合法制备了聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜。对膜表面的形貌及特征进行了表征分析,研究了单体含量、反应时间对复合膜性能的影响,并用4种无机盐溶液和3种染料对膜进行了性能评价。结果表明,在基膜表面成功聚合了一层聚酰胺功能层,该功能层具有良好的亲水性能。膜表面呈现荷负电性,对4种无机盐的截留顺序为Na_2SO_4MgSO_4MgCl_2NaCl。膜对酸性红B、活性黄3和直接耐晒蓝B2RL这3种染料的截留率可达到98%以上,表现出优异的脱色性能。     

耐污染聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及性能

以哌嗪(PIP)和均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为反应单体,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为添加剂,通过界面聚合法在聚砜超滤基膜上制备了复合纳滤膜,主要研究了PVA、PIP、TMC单体浓度、热处理条件对复合膜性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)对复合纳滤膜结构和形貌进行表征。研究表明,PVA能够提高膜通量,增强膜亲水性,提高膜表面光滑度。最佳制膜条件是:PIP浓度为3.0 g/L,TMC浓度为1.0 g/L,PVA浓度为0.54 g/L,界面聚合时间为1 min,热处理温度为50℃,热处理时间10 min。制备的纳滤膜在处理Na2SO4、MgSO4、NaCl和MgCl2等4种盐溶液时,其截留性能与陶氏NF-270和星达NFX膜相近,而在深度处理造纸脱墨废水时,也表现出良好的分离性能和耐污染性能。     

基于单宁酸-壳聚糖复合胶体粒子的复合纳滤膜及其脱盐性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)超滤膜作为载体,以单宁酸(TA)-壳聚糖(CS)复合胶体粒子作为水相溶液,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)的正已烷溶液作为有机相单体,通过界面聚合法成功制备了一种高通量、高截留的复合纳滤膜.对纳滤膜的表面形貌及性能进行分析,研究单体质量分数及界面聚合时间对纳滤膜性能的影响,用4种无机盐来考察膜的盐截留性能.结...     

一种荷负电复合纳滤膜的制备及表征

以间苯二甲胺(m-XDA)为水相单体,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为油相单体,采用界面聚合的方法在聚砜底膜上形成一层功能层制备了荷负电复合纳滤膜。通过改变界面反应的时间、缓冲溶液的pH、油相单体浓度、水相单体浓度等条件,调节并最终优化该纳滤膜的截留率。该复合纳滤膜对不同盐溶液的截留率顺序为Na_2SO_4MgSO_4NaClMgCl_2,其中Na_2SO_4的截留率可保持在86%。通过扫描电子显微镜,衰减全反射红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱对具代表性的纳滤膜的结构进行了表征。利用Zeta电位仪考察该膜表面的荷电性。     

间苯二甲胺为单体制备耐氯复合纳滤膜及其性能

以间苯二甲胺(mXDA)为胺类单体与均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)反应,制备了1种耐氯复合纳滤膜,对其表面组成、结构进行了表征,并通过改变缓冲体系、调节界面反应条件,对该纳滤膜的性能进行优化。结果表明,界面聚合反应后在底膜上成功制备了聚酰胺层。在水相单体m XDA、油相单体TMC的质量分数分别为0.1%、0.075%,反应时间30 s、热处理时间10 min的优化条件下,复合纳滤膜对Na_2SO_4的截留率达94.5%,通量56.4 L/(m~2·h)。而且该膜在活性氯的质量浓度为5 g/L时浸泡1 h仍能保持完整的功能层结构,在截留率基本保持不变的情况下水通量提升33%。     

对氨基苯甲酰哌嗪的合成及其复合纳滤膜制备的研究

合成了新单体对氨基苯甲酰哌嗪,以它为水相单体,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为油相单体,界面聚合法制备了复合纳滤膜。通过单体浓度对膜分离性能的影响,确定对氨基苯甲酰哌嗪的最佳浓度为1%,TMC的最佳浓度为0.25%。复合膜对Na2SO4的脱盐率可达97.5%,具有较好的脱盐性能。     

原位界面聚合制备PVDF复合纳滤膜的研究

为改善聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合纳滤膜性能，以掺入单体哌嗪(PIP)的铸膜液制备基膜，通过原位界面聚合快速制备复合纳滤膜，简化了制备程序。ATR-FTIR分析结果表明，基膜上成功生成聚酰胺(PA)层，SEM观察到PA层表面具有典型结节结构。得到的复合纳滤膜对Na₂SO₄截留率为95.59%,渗透通量为12.37 L/(m²·h·bar),远高于传统界面聚合制备的PVDF复合纳滤膜。72 h的持续测试结果表明该复合纳滤膜具有良好的长期稳定性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。