桑枝基活性炭的制备及其对多环芳烃菲的吸附

以废弃桑枝为原料,以磷酸氢二铵为活化剂制备活性炭,考察了浸渍比、炭化温度、炭化时间、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响,确定了制备桑枝基活性炭的最佳工艺条件。研究了桑枝基活性炭对水中多环芳烃菲的吸附性能。结果表明制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件：浸渍比为2：1、炭化温度为400℃、炭化时间为90min、活化温度为800℃、活化时间为120min。制备的活性炭对多环芳烃菲具有较好的吸附效果,初始浓度为1000μg／L的菲在桑枝活性炭上吸附去除率可达71．7％,吸附平衡时间为240min。Freundlich吸附模型可较好地模拟菲在桑枝基活性炭上的吸附等温线。菲的吸附以物理吸附为主,吸附较易进行。     

蜂窝状活性炭的制备

以糠醛渣活性炭、酚醛树脂、羧甲基纤维素和粘土为原料,按一定比例混合均匀后,挤压成型,经过炭化活化处理后,制得蜂窝状活性炭(HAC-C)。以产品得率、平均脱硫率和累积脱硫量为评价指标,研究了蜂窝状活性炭的制备工艺条件。得出炭化温度550℃、炭化时间60min、活化温度880℃、活化时间60min、CO2流量150mL/min为最优制备条件。     

污泥衍生活性炭制备与性能表征

通过对青岛海泊河污水处理厂的污泥性质和组成分析,研究了以城市污水厂污泥为基本原料,采用CO2活化法制备活性炭吸附剂.选取炭化温度、炭化时间、CO2流量、活化温度和活化时间等因素,通过正交实验确定最佳工艺条件.通过亚甲基蓝吸附值、电镜照片对制备的污泥活性炭进行性能评价,结果表明:最佳工艺条件炭化温度为550 ℃、炭化时间90min、二氧化碳流量250 mL/min、活化温度950 ℃、活化时间120 min,污泥衍生活性炭亚甲基蓝吸附值245 mg/g.     

磷酸法竹屑活性炭制备及其表征

以竹屑为原料,利用磷酸活化法成功制备了具有高吸附性能的活性炭.通过正交实验,分别考察了磷酸浓度、炭化温度、炭化时间、活化温度及活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响.结果 表明,活性炭吸附性能受制备条件影响顺序为磷酸浓度﹥炭化时间﹥炭化温度﹥活化温度﹥活化时间;最优工艺为:磷酸溶液比重为45°Be(婆美度),炭化温度200℃,...     

煤基活性炭的制备及其对冶炼废水中镍离子的吸附

以新疆水西沟煤为原料,采用水蒸气化学活化法制备活性炭,考察了不同炭化温度、炭化时间、活化温度、活化时间下制得的活性炭对亚甲基蓝值和碘值的影响,确定了煤基活性炭制备最适宜的工艺条件(炭化温度为500℃、炭化时间为2 h、活化温度为900℃、活化时间为2 h),探讨了煤基活性炭对冶炼废水中镍离子的吸附性能。结果表明制备的煤基活性炭对冶炼废水中镍离子具有很好的吸附效果,当p H为8、活性炭投加量为7 g/L、温度为50℃、吸附时间为30 min时,废水中镍离子的去除率可达到94.7%。     

重质沥青基活性炭的制备研究

以重质沥青为原料,采用空气热聚合法-物理活化法协同制备重质沥青基活性炭。通过正交设计法系统研究了预氧化升温速率、恒温温度、恒温时间、活化时间、活化温度、炭化时间、炭化温度等因素对重质沥青基活性炭的影响。利用扫描电镜、碘吸附值等对活性炭的表面形态及吸附特性进行表征。结果表明,空气热聚合法-物理活化法协同制备重质沥青基活性炭的优化条件为：预氧化升温速率为2℃/min、预氧化恒温温度为300℃、预氧化恒温时间为1 h、炭化温度为500℃、炭化时间为120 min、活化温度为850℃、活化时间为90 min,该工艺条件下制备的活性炭具有较为发达的微孔结构,碘吸附值为689.33 mg/g。     

水蒸气活化法制备稻壳活性炭的研究

研究了水蒸气活化法制备稻壳活性炭的工艺条件,探讨了炭化温度、活化温度、活化时间和水蒸气用量对活化效果的影响。最佳工艺条件为:炭化温度 450℃、活化温度 900℃、活化时间 90 min和水蒸气用量为炭化料的1.5倍,制备的活性炭碘吸附值 844 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值 138 mL/g,产品得率 13.9%。这些指标与木质活性炭相当。且投资少,能耗低,具有良好的经济效益与社会效益。     

不黏煤混合气煤制备活性炭工艺条件研究

研究了不黏煤配合气煤制备压块活性炭的工艺条件,探讨了活性炭吸附性能,实验得到最佳的工艺条件为炭化温度550℃,炭化恒温时间30min,活化温度900℃,活化时间4h。压块活性炭的碘吸附值可达1041mg／g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为190mg／g,均符合工业生产的要求。     

黏结性烟煤制备球形活性炭的研究

在煤基球形活性炭的制备过程中,生球预氧化条件很大程度上决定了球形炭的球形度和物化特性。以山西柳林华晋焦煤集团焦煤为原料,研究了活性炭制备过程中预氧化、炭化、活化等工艺参数对活性炭质量的影响。结果表明:预处理温度为200℃,预处理时间3 h,炭化终温700℃,炭化升温速率4℃/min,活化温度800℃,活化时间7 h时,制得的活性炭球形度完整,物化性能优良,活性炭的碘值为770.18 mg/g,亚甲基蓝值为64.24 mg/g。随着预处理时间的增加,活性炭的强度和产率都增大。试验结果对煤基球形活性炭的生产具有一定的指导意义。     

最优炭化工艺下辣椒秸秆基活性炭的制备及表征

以辣椒秸秆制备活性炭,采用正交实验法,选取炭化温度、炭化时间、升温速率为影响因子,以比表面积、炭得率为评价指标确定最优炭化工艺,对最优条件下所制活性炭的孔结构及表面化学性质进行了表征.结果表明,最优炭化工艺为炭化温度400℃,炭化时间50 min,升温速率5℃/min;该条件下所制活性炭的炭得率为39.90%,BET比表面积为966.003 m~2/g,吸附总孔容为0.544 cm~3/g,平均孔径为2.252 nm;且表面存在丰富的孔隙结构及酚、醇羟基、羧基、醚基等官能团.     

Mechanical behavior of two-dimensional carbon/carbon composites with interfacial carbon layers

Effect of interfacial carbon layers on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of two-dimensional carbon fiber fabrics reinforced carbon matrix composites were investigated. Phenolic resin reinforced with two-dimensional plain woven carbon fiber fabrics was used as starting materials for carbon/carbon composites and was prepared using vacuum bag hot pressing technique. In order to study the effect of interfacial bonding, a carbon layer was applied to the carbon fabrics in advance. The carbon layers were prepared using petroleum pitch with different concentrations as precursors. The experimental results indicate that the carbon/carbon composites with interfacial carbon layers possess higher fracture energy than that without carbon layers after carbonization at 1000°C. For a pitch concentration of 0.15 g/ml, the carbon/carbon composites have both higher flexural strength and fracture energy than composites without carbon layers. Both flexural strength and fracture energy increased for composites with and without carbon layers after graphitization. The amount of increase in fracture energy was more significant for composites with interfacial carbon layers. Results indicate that a suitable pitch concentration should be used in order to tailor the mechanical behavior of carbon/carbon composites with interfacial carbon layers.     

结构炭/炭复合材料力学性能及微观结构研究

采用四向编织、快速化学气相渗透致密化新工艺制备了炭／炭复合材料,其弯曲强度达３２０ＭＰａ。分析研究了这种材料的力学性能特征。利用ＳＥＭ和高分辨ＴＥＭ分析了基体炭、炭纤维／基体灰界面的精细结构,发现炭纤维呈单根被基体炭包围,基体现灰呈层片状,为二维有序的乱层石墨结构;在炭纤维与基体炭之间存在着过渡相,这一过渡相厚度的约几十纳米,随着与炭纤维之间距离的增大,它们之间形成的夹角由小变大,这一过渡相即为炭     

变压吸附法脱碳用活性炭性能的实验研究

对一种煤质活性炭吸附脱附含氮混合气中CO2的性能进行了研究,测定了活性炭对CO2的平衡吸附量,实验对比了不同稀释气体下CO2的动态吸附容量,对含氮混合气中影响CO2吸附选择性的因素进行了实验分析。考察了脱附条件对活性炭CO2吸附容量的影响。结果表明,该活性炭吸附CO2容量大,对CO2的吸附选择性也比较高,是性能优良的变压吸附脱碳用吸附剂。     

基于焦化除尘灰和无纺布的活性炭布制备研究

以焦化除尘灰基活性炭和无纺布为原料制成一种活性炭布。活性炭布的成形工艺采用浸渍涂布法。研究了活性炭质量分数和粘结剂质量分数对活性炭布的载炭量及碘吸附值的影响。活性炭布的载炭量随着活性炭质量分数和粘结剂质量分数的增大而增大。当活性炭质量分数为20%、粘结剂质量分数为30%时,活性炭布的碘吸附值高达291.3541 mg/g。     

Catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. 1. Reduction of carbon dioxide with carbon carrying potassium carbonate

The catalytic behaviour of potassium carbonate doped onto active carbon was investigated with respect to reduction of carbon dioxide. The distribution of potassium on the carbon surface was found by an X-ray microanalyzer to be uniform. The amount of oxygen trapped on the carbon surface during reaction was nearly proportional to the surface concentration of potassium. The catalytic activity with carbon doped with less than 2% potassium carbonate was proportional to the amount of trapped oxygen, while excessive doping by potassium was found to form trapped oxygen independently of the gasification of carbon. Disproportionation of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and carbon was found to take place readily at 700 °C, with carbon doped with 4.0 wt % potassium carbonate.     

电容器电极用新型炭材料的研究进展

综述了活性炭电极材料的性质与电容器性能的关系,介绍了不同原料制备的活性炭、改性活性炭、活性炭纤维、炭纳米管及炭黑等用于电容器电极材料的研究进展。最后,阐述了电容器电极用炭材料的发展趋势。     

炭纤维增强中间相炭微球制备炭/炭复合材料

以中间相炭微球为炭源,沥青基磨切炭纤维为同质增强相,采用冷模压成型和气氛低温烧结制备出高性能炭/炭复合材料。研究了炭纤维表面处理对界面结合强度的作用机制和改善效果,分析了不同球磨时间下原始粉料的微观形貌。结果表明：炭纤维的添加有利于坯体各向均匀收缩,降低了总体积收缩率,使得复合材料密度下降;同时大幅度提升了复合材料的机械强度;添加10%（质量分数）炭纤维时弯曲强度最高,达到123.5MPa。     

Wetting behavior and mechanism between hot metal and carbon brick

Wetting behavior between hot metal and carbon brick is the first step to explore the erosion of carbon brick. In order to investigate the wetting behavior, wetting experiments between hot metal (with carbon content 2.87, 3.47, 4.12, 4.51, and 4.96 mass%) and carbon brick were carried out. The wetting angle under different conditions was measured, the reaction interface morphology and carbon structure were analyzed, the mechanism of hot metal wetting carbon brick was clarified based on interfacial energy and scaling law. The results show that: The wetting angle decreased gradually with the increase of wetting time for all initial carbon content experiments, the wetting angle increased with the increase of initial carbon content in hot metal. The dissolution of carbon occurred during the wetting process, which left a concave on carbon brick. The graphitization degree of carbon in carbon brick increased after the wetting behavior. In the initial stage of the wetting reaction, the change of interfacial energy caused by carbon dissolution reaction was the essential reason for the change of wetting angle. In the final stage of the wetting reaction, the wetting angle mainly depended on the concave shape after the concave was formed. The wetting model was established to explore the wetting behavior with dissolution reaction, the scaling relationship between the spreading radius of iron drop and time was obtained, which was convenient to evaluate the wetting behavior between hot metal and carbon brick.     

活性炭吸附甲烷和甲苯的分子模拟研究

以石墨片微元构建的多孔碳材料作为活性炭的结构模型,采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法(GCMC)和分子动力学方法(MD),从分子层面研究甲烷和甲苯在活性炭中的吸附和扩散特性. 结果表明,石墨片微元大小对多孔碳材料吸附甲烷和甲苯有一定影响,37个碳环构成的多孔碳材料是最佳的吸附结构;甲烷气体在活性炭材料中扩散较快,甲苯在活性炭中扩散较慢,随碳环碳原子数增加,气体在多孔碳材料中的自扩散系数逐渐增大;引入基团会使最优密度向高密度方向偏移,用不同基团表面改性的吸附量顺序为羟基>氨基>羧基>未改性,基团引入会改善材料的孔结构,有利于吸附量的增加.     

硫化胶中炭黑品种的粒径分布鉴别方法

探索炭黑粒径分布与炭黑品种之间的关系,建立通过炭黑粒径分布鉴别炭黑品种的方法。通过热裂解法回收硫化胶中的炭黑,将回收的炭黑加入分散剂制成悬浊液,利用纳米激光粒度分布仪进行粒径分布测试。结果表明,不同品种炭黑粒径分布的峰值和标准偏差不同,同种炭黑粒径分布的峰值和标准偏差在一个较小的范围内波动,这是硫化胶中未知炭黑品种鉴别的依据。本鉴别方法适用于单一炭黑品种硫化胶分析,不适用于并用炭黑及炭黑N774硫化胶分析。