光路准直控制系统安全联锁问题分析

光路自动准直计算机控制系统是一个先进的计算机集成实时控制系统，在国内对光路准直领域的计算机控制研究还开展的比较少。就整个系统的安全联锁问题进行了详细的分析，并给出了相应的解决方案。     

光路自动准直计算机控制系统

光路自动准直计算机控制系统是一个先进的计算机集成实时控制系统,在国内,对光路准直领域的计算机控制研究还开展的比较少。文章就整个系统的系统结构、控制原理、接口及功能实现进行了阐述。     

EAST汤姆逊散射诊断定位控制系统的设计

设计了一种激光光路定位控制系统,用于EAST汤姆逊散射诊断的光路准直和测量区域的定位,其精确性对于该诊断的测量尤为重要,该诊断用于测量EAST装置放电时等离子体的电子温度和密度;为节约宝贵的实验时间,结合该系统给出一种快捷的激光光路定位方法;重点描述该系统中基于单片机PIC16F874A设计的靶板控制器,与传统步进电机控制器相比,具有故障恢复、支持光纤通信、体积小等优点。该系统已在2010年度的EAST实验中投入使用,运行可靠,定位精确,大幅缩短了光路准直所需时间。     

基于光束扫描的透射仪测量光路自动准直系统设计

提出了一种基于光束扫描的透射仪测量光路准直方法,分析了该准直方法的原理。基于该方法设计了测量光路自动准直系统,该系统以LPC1768微控制器为核心,主要包括光强及位置信息采集模块、电机驱动模块,并进行了该系统的软件设计。系统利用透射仪测量光路进行对准,易于实现与透射仪测量系统的融合,且具有高精度、自动化的特点。     

ZEMAX在透射仪测量光路准直系统设计中的应用

在ZEMAX非序列环境下建立了透射仪光学系统模型。利用建立的模型研究了LED光源表面特征对透射仪测量光路准直的影响,并通过增加扩散片优化了光学系统结构。对提出的基于扫描方式的测量光路准直方法进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,基于该方法方位角测量最大相对误差为2%,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于光路自动准直原理的自动化控制算法

传统的自动控制算法在参数设定上和参数采集上会受脉冲噪声的影响,缺乏一定的稳定性,为此基于光路自动准直原理提出自动化控制算法。在光学系统中确定自动化控制范围,引入ATO算法将光斑锐度缩短到设立的区间,优化自动化控制参数,将选取的光斑变量和待优化变量的参数进行整合,采用映射模拟进行描述,实现自动化控制。通过实验证明基于光路自动准直原理的自动化控制算法较传统自动化控制算法稳定性更强。     

纳米精度位移与振动干涉测量装置

该产品一种纳米精度位移与振动干涉测量装置，包括波长不相同的带有第一驱动电源和温度控制器的光源，调整光路准直用的准直光源和使被测物体产生振动的激振光源。光束传送的全光程都是在光纤、合波元件和光纤耦合器中进行。有两个光电转换元件响应波段只是对应光源发射光束的波段，对准直光源和激振光源发射的光束不反应。在第一驱动电源和模数转换器之间连接有控制初始相位的相位控制器。     

线阵CCD技术在测量植物生长量方面的应用

为了能够自动测量植物生长增量,采用了一种基于激光准直光源加线阵电荷耦合器件(CCD)的光路结构,提出了一种用数字电位器来控制二值化电路的方法。基本原理是将被测物体投影在线阵CCD上,通过分析和比较CCD视频输出信号,将CCD像元的空间序列转换成电压的时间序列。由此得到感光像元的个数,进而计算投影尺寸得到被测物体的高度。实验结果验证了该系统可靠且实用。     

WDM光网络中虚拓扑重构算法研究

介绍了WDM光网络中当网络需求发生改变时，如何对现有的光网络进行重构，从而达到既满足新的业务量需求；又使原来的虚拓扑改变尽量少；同时使正在运行的分组数据没有任何损伤（或损伤小），即实现无损伤重构。方法的主要思想是通过光连通性去测量在光路连通（以测量周期为基础定期地测量）情况下实际负载的业务量，当遭遇到负载不平衡的时候，可以通过去卸载一条轻负载的光路或者重新建立一条新的光路当拥塞发生的时候去解决。并且引入光路负载上的高和低的水印参数去探测任何没有被充分利用的光路。对虚拓扑进行重构提出一种自适应启发式算法。     

基于ARM9的近红外山茶油无损检测仪研究

基于ARM9微处理器对山茶油无损检测仪的硬件和软件进行了研制,仪器硬件由近红外光谱采集模块和基于ARM9的嵌入式控制系统组成,近红外光谱采集模块包括仪器光路、AD620信号放大和AD7705 A/D转换电路。仪器光路由近红外LED光源、窄带滤光片、菲尼尔透镜和光电检测器组成。嵌入式控制系统以高性价比、低功耗的S3C2440A为核心,包括Nand Flash,SDRAM,USB,UART,LCD显示屏和触摸屏等外围设备。同时在嵌入式Linux系统下完成了AD7705驱动程序和基于QT的系统软件设计,实现了对山茶油的检测。对山茶油体积分数进行了建模和预测,结果表明:预测体积分数值与实际体积分数值基本一致。     

Preview control of web position in roll-to-roll printing using alignment patterns

In printed electronics systems, the roll-to-roll process is a next-generation process technology that may be applied to the production of various electronic products such as flexible electronic devices, solar cells, and display panels. The process allows for production at low unit cost and high speed. As a factor for improving the print quality, there are ink viscosity, printing speed, printing pressure, and alignment precision. Among these factors, alignment precision, a critical factor in the performance of an electronic circuit, is the accurate alignment of layers in a multi-layered structure. In our previous study, we suggested a measurement method for improving the alignment precision by using an optical pre-measuring device and an alignment pattern that is printed by roll-to-roll printing process. In the measuring system, when a web is transported in the web feed direction, the optical pre-measuring device measures the quantity of light reflected by the alignment pattern. A lateral position can be aligned accurately based on the measured signal. However, because the position is measured in advance in the web feed direction, it is not applicable to a real-time printing system, and when the lateral position is measured using the optical pre-measuring device, a lateral position error, that is generated by disturbances induced by tension acting on the web and the vibration of the motor, can be estimated. A motor driven linear translation stage for lateral direction is used to minimize the lateral position errors in roll-to-roll systems. In this paper, we propose a preview control system to reflect the measured lateral position error to the printing result at the appropriate time for improving the alignment precision in roll-to-roll printing. As a control method, using roll-to-roll model, the system of disturbance, lateral angle and lateral position can be expressed as a state-space equation. Based on this equation, a preview controller to find the optimal value of state and control error is designed in a similar method to the conventional preview control method used for the active suspension system of a vehicle. Then, the alignment results are verified using another optical measuring device of a web transport system.

     

Alignment control of two-mirror telescopes using a system of annular computer-generated holograms

This paper presents some results obtained while examining the problem of controlling the alignment of two-mirror Cassegrain and Ritchey-Chretien telescopes. The alignment control uses a system of two coaxially mounted annular computer-generated holograms as optical compensators and sample optical elements.     

MOEMS: packaging and testing

In this paper, packaging techniques of fiber optical MEMS devices are investigated. A packaging scheme is proposed, which includes the architecture to construct the component package and the major packaging flow to implement it. Passive fiber alignment with the accuracy comparable with active alignment is presented by the combination of rectangular shape fiber grooves and micro fiber stoppers. The experimental setup specific for fiber optic MEMS component is presented for the fiber assembly and the characterization of optical loss. A testing system based on the Labview 6.1 instrument control is also presented, which can facilitate the characterization of switching time for MEMS optical switches.     

Microengineered Two-Dimensional Arrays of Monomode Optical Fibers

In this paper, a method to manufacture 2-D bundles of single-mode optical fibers of highly accurate pitch is presented. Electrostatic actuation of the metal-clad optical fibers is performed to align the fibers with submicrometer translational alignment accuracy. The manufacturing and alignment performance characteristics of the fiber holder are fully described. The sensitivity of the active-alignment procedure for a maximum displacement up to 90 mum is between 0.125 and 1.1 mum, depending on the clamping distance. An alignment accuracy of around 0.2 mum can be achieved with this alignment method. The combination of the electrostatic actuation with the optical monitoring of the fiber pitch in a closed-loop feedback system provides a highly accurate and sensitive alignment system.     

基于GPIB的钠荧光激光雷达控制系统

设计了基于GPIB总线的钠荧光激光雷达控制系统,实现了观测数据的实时采集控制及望远镜一发射光束联合调整;该方法通过调用GPIB接口函数设置光子计数器,并实时存储回波数据到控制电脑中;针对激光雷达联合调整中光学方法的不足,提出了单站式双轴收发分置结构激光雷达中发射光束最佳指向搜索方法,并采用数值滤波的方法提高了搜索精度;经验证该激光雷达控制系统工作稳定有效,降低了观测人员的工作强度,保证了钠层观测实验的顺利进行.     

Experimental study of formation alignment of multiple autonomous air-levitated vehicles with rule-based controls

An experimental study is made on the alignment of three autonomous air-levitated vehicles with air-jet controls to achieve an equilateral-triangle formation. The vehicles are equipped with lasers, optical sensors, radio transceivers, and on-board power sources. The attitude and displacement of each vehicle are controlled by air-jets, simple rule-based controls activated by discrete optical sensors with binary outputs and special geometric configuration for formation alignment. The main objective is to determine the feasibility of using control rules derived by making use of the sensor data only for formation alignment. The sensors consist of discrete, binary optical detectors arranged in a certain geometric pattern. The vehicle design, including estimation of levitation lifetime, sensor design, and vehicle excursion due to an air-jet pulse, are discussed first. Then the control rules are described in detail. The effectiveness of the proposed sensor–control combination in formation alignment is determined both experimentally and via computer simulation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

卫星光通信精确跟踪控制系统的参数化综合优化设计

精确跟踪对准控制系统在卫星光通信中起着至关重要的作用.我国已完成的墨子号量子科学实验卫星,是基于经典随动系统理论设计的跟踪与瞄准系统,并在实践中取得了圆满效果.面向未来更远距离的空间通信应用,对跟踪与瞄准系统提出了更高的精度要求,传统的控制方法很难满足.为此本文提出了精确瞄准系统的一种参数化设计方法,抛弃了传统方法的精、粗系统分别设计的思想,对两级子系统进行整体设计,充分地利用了系统中的设计自由度.通过综合优化这些设计自由度,实现了系统对阶跃干扰的解耦和复杂干扰的抑制、不敏感极点配置和控制增益极小化等各项设计要求,从而显著地提高了对准精度.仿真结果表明,对准精度由原来的微弧度量级提高到了纳弧度量级.     

基于FPGA的激光光束自对准电气自动化系统设计

激光光束技术运用的越来越广泛,包括光通信技术,激光测距技术,激光瞄准技术等,其中光通信技术范围最广;在光通信过程中,需要面对光束发射端与接收端中心对齐的问题,增加了操作的难度;针对光通信激光光束对准难的特点,研究并设计了一套基于FPGA的激光光束对准系统,利用在FPGA芯片上设计软硬件速度快、稳定可靠、研发周期短等特点;整个系统以FPGA芯片为核心,辅以操作电路、自适应算法;实验表明, 该系统较好地符合了光束对准的要求。     

Automated Two-Axes Optical Fiber Alignment Using Grayscale Technology

In this paper, we report a new method for actuating an optical fiber in two axes. This device enables in package active alignment of an optical fiber towards reducing the time and cost of optoelectronic packaging by eliminating the need for expensive and slow macroalignment machines. Opposing comb-drive actuators with integrated three-dimensional (3-D) wedges (fabricated using grayscale technology) create a dynamic v-groove to alter the horizontal and vertical alignment of an optical fiber cantilever. All structural components are fabricated in silicon using a single lithography and dry-etching step, making the system conducive to batch fabrication, an essential element to minimize the cost of including in-package alignment capabilities. Actuation of a cleaved fiber tip greater than 30 mum in each direction is demonstrated, with automated fiber alignment times on the order of 10s, comparable to those achieved using macroalignment systems. Alignment tolerances are held below 1.25 mum over a 20-by-20-mum actuation area for the first time. The influences of alignment target location, actuation parameters, and alignment algorithm on total alignment time are also presented