偏移校正的核空间直方图目标跟踪

针对传统均值漂移算法中核函数直方图对目标特征描述较弱、 跟踪窗不能动态调整容易导致目标跟偏或跟丢的缺点, 提出了一种改进的均值漂移跟踪算法.为提高目标特征描述的可靠性, 采用二阶空间直方图建立目标模型,以Bhattacharyya系数作为相似性度量; 通过偏移校正更新目标区域参数建立新的目标模型; 结合边缘与角点检测选取特征点建立仿射模型实现跟踪窗的调整; 根据卡尔曼残差判断目标是否被遮挡,从而选择卡尔曼滤波或是线性预测来确定目标位置. 实验结果表明,该算法可以准确地跟踪目标,对相似背景干扰、目标大小与方向的变化以及短时遮挡具有鲁棒性.     

基于自适应模板更新的改进孪生卷积网络目标跟踪算法

现有的孪生网络目标跟踪算法采用边界框模板进行跟踪,在目标形变、遮挡等干扰下很容易导致跟踪漂移。在轮廓检测网络和孪生卷积网络(Siamese)跟踪网络的基础上,提出一种基于深度轮廓模板更新的改进孪生卷积网络目标跟踪算法。利用轮廓检测网络获取目标边缘轮廓,降低背景杂波干扰;利用改进的Siamese网络获得轮廓模板和搜索区域的深度特征;通过相似性匹配获得最优跟踪目标。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的改进模型能够提高目标形变、遮挡等干扰下目标跟踪性能,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

基于改进的均值漂移算法的目标跟踪

提出了一种基于目标颜色特征的改进的均值漂移算法，对符合颜色模板的目标点不论其在直方图中的概率大小，都赋予相同的最大权值，使目标最大限度地成为密度极值区，以克服干扰影响，并提出了一种分块检测遮挡算法，遮挡期间不更新颜色模板，以保证遮挡后恢复准确的跟踪。实验结果表明该算法具有较强的鲁棒性，能有效实现复杂场景下的目标跟踪。     

多特征自适应融合的军事伪装目标跟踪

针对军事伪装目标在运动过程中存在与背景分布十分相似或遮挡等强干扰情况下的跟踪问题,提出了一种基于自适应多特征融合的均值漂移算法优化的粒子滤波跟踪算法。利用背景加权后的联合直方图表述目标灰度和梯度方向信息,根据前一帧目标特征的可信度自动调节双方的权重,在粒子滤波算法的框架下,利用改进后的均值漂移算法使粒子向目标状态的最大后验核密度估计方向移动,并设计了特征融合的观测模型,以提高跟踪算法的场景适应能力。实验结果表明,该算法可实现对与背景相似的军事伪装目标的稳定跟踪,对目标的严重遮挡具有很好的鲁棒性。     

一种改进的TLD动态手势跟踪算法

针对目前动态手势跟踪算法TLD(跟踪-学习-检测)算法在手势目标遮挡后易出现跟踪漂移的不足,提出了一种改进的TLD动态手势跟踪算法.在跟踪器跟踪成功后,引入遮挡窗的方法进行手势目标遮挡的判定.若出现部分遮挡,则由TLD学习器处理;若出现严重遮挡,则在TLD的跟踪器中加入卡尔曼滤波器来预测估计当前帧中手势可能存在的区域,缩小跟踪器的搜索范围,提高跟踪器的处理速度;并在TLD检测器中加入基于马尔可夫模型的方向预测器,缩小检测器的检测范围,增强检测器对相似手势轨迹的判别能力.实验结果证明,改进后的TLD算法在不同的实验环境下均有较强的鲁棒性,能够快速准确地进行动态手势运动轨迹的跟踪,并且改善了手势目标遮挡后易出现跟踪漂移的问题.     

自适应尺度特征融合与模型更新的跟踪算法

在核相关滤波器跟踪算法中,为了减少背景相似物等杂波对跟踪器的干扰,以及解决不同跟踪结果置信度下的模型更新问题,提出了自适应尺度特征融合与模型更新的跟踪算法。通过多特征融合和尺度变化策略改进了多特征的尺度核相关滤波器,使用多峰检测对响应图的整体振荡程度进行判断,再对峰值进行跟踪结果置信度评估;在遮挡、形变等跟踪结果置信度低的情况下及时停止模型更新,在高置信度模型更新时,引入初始模型进行对齐操作,减少模型的更新误差,抑制模型漂移。比较核相关滤波器算法,本算法准确度较高,且在目标尺度变化、遮挡和形变时稳定性更好。在OTB-50数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法在精度和成功率上都比核相关滤波器算法表现更优。     

利用巴氏系数判定模型更新的视觉跟踪算法

在视频跟踪时,传统的粒子滤波算法在目标区域出现遮挡、光照变化等情况下通常存在鲁棒性较差的问题,因此提出一种采用巴氏(Bhattacharyya)系数判断模型更新时机的鲁棒视觉跟踪算法。本算法以粒子滤波算法为框架,每隔一定帧数抽样检测目标变化,利用当前模型与候选模型之间的巴氏系数统计特征的相似性,从而判断更新时机。仅当目标逐渐姿态改变且无背景干扰时更新目标模型;在发生遮挡或光照改变较大时则不更新,保持当前模型继续跟踪。本算法判断是否出现影响目标匹配因素,从而适时采取模型更新策略。实验结果表明,本算法通过选择性更新模型,在未考虑尺度变化的情况下,能够更加有效抑制背景干扰和避免模型漂移,在诸多复杂场景中具有一定的鲁棒性。     

一种稳健的移动机器人目标跟踪算法

为了有效地实现复杂环境下机器人运动目标跟踪,提出了一种结合卡尔曼滤波和均值漂移的目标跟踪算法.该算法首先通过帧间差法在复杂背景中获取目标模型,以机器人自身一个周期的运动作为卡尔曼滤波器的输入量,以卡尔曼滤波器的估计值作为均值漂移算法的启动点,再利用均值漂移算法得到最终目标位置,最后通过目标遮挡判定来解决遮挡问题.实验表...     

一种改进的TLD算法

针对跟踪算法目标遮挡后易出现跟踪漂移的问题,提出了一种跟踪学习检测（TLD）算法与Kalman滤波相结合的手势跟踪方法.在跟踪器跟踪成功后,加入识别窗的方法进行遮挡判定.产生遮挡后目标模型不再更新,学习器不再更新集合分类器.若是部分遮挡,则由TLD学习器处理;若是严重遮挡,则改由Kalman滤波算法预测目标的运动轨迹.该方法在保留TLD算法长期稳定跟踪、适应摄像机快速运动与复杂背景等优点的基础上,改善了目标遮挡后易出现跟踪漂移的问题.实验表明：提出的改进TLD算法比其他常见跟踪方法具有更加优异的性能.     

基于上下文感知与自适应响应融合的相关滤波跟踪算法

针对当前相关滤波跟踪算法在抗背景干扰、响应融合方式以及模型更新策略上的不足,提出一种基于上下文感知与自适应响应融合的相关滤波跟踪算法.通过引入上下文感知技术,提高算法在背景杂波及遮挡等跟踪场景下的鲁棒性;通过研究HOG特征和颜色直方图特征二者响应图和响应值的特点,提出一种自适应响应融合方法,提升融合响应图的可靠性;在模型更新方面,采用了高置信度模型更新策略来减轻传统模型更新策略中模型污染及跟踪漂移的问题.实验结果表明,本文算法在OTB50数据集上达到了74.7%的跟踪精度,跟踪成功率为54.8%,均优于对比的主流相关滤波跟踪算法,并且在背景杂波、光照变化、遮挡、运动模糊等复杂跟踪场景中具有较好的跟踪精度与鲁棒性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.