枢纽港—物流港联动的罗泾港区规划设计创新

新近建成的上海港罗泾港区是集矿石、煤炭、钢铁等散杂货物为一体的综合性港区,是世界上第一座公共港区为大型钢铁企业提供分拨配送等增值服务的物流港区。罗泾港区规划设计开发了全新的“枢纽港—物流港”联动的平行结构平面布置模式。在传统的公用港口布置方法基础上,运用准时制（JIT）的精益生产（LP）物流理念,优化装卸工艺和港口平面布置,提升服务水平,延伸港口服务链条;实现了物流流程的高度一体化、同步化;节约了极为宝贵的深水岸线和土地资源、降低了能耗。     

主机厂零部件JIT供应物流规划与应用

为了解决主机厂供应物流交付不及时、卸货位忙闲不均、物流费用不透明、运输效率和服务水平低、管理不可控的现状问题,应用“5W3H”和问卷调查法提出了A车型发动机和变速箱供应物流采用取货制的解决方法。建立了基于平准化、准时化的物流和信息流模型,基于三流合一建立了物流、信息流和资金流作业流程。通过规划方案在试点改善中的应用,使配送中心库存由10 d降为3 d,运输车辆由16台减为8台,每年降低运输费用1 000万元。结果表明该研究成果对于企业提升物流管理水平、降低供应链物流成本和增强整体竞争力具有指导作用。     

加强汽车利用率,促进物流运输

近几年来,我国物流业得到了迅速的发展,各类企业都在努力地挖掘物流过程的利润潜力,向物流要效益.物流需求市场的不断扩大,激发了物流供应方市场的快速发展,传统的运输、仓储等企业都纷纷加入物流行业,力图通过物流运作获取更大的收益.但是,从我国目前物流企业的运作方式和实际的经营效果来看,许多物流企业,特别是参与物流运输的公路运输企业的收益都很低,其中,物流运输过程中严重的汽车空驶现象无疑是最重要的影响因素之一.……     

基于物流能力约束的整车物流计划

基于时间竞争的敏捷供应链环境中,汽车整车物流必须按照客户订单对交货期、交货地点等的要求进行快速响应和准时配送.整车运输能力作为物流要素能力之一,由于其特殊性已成为整车物流的瓶颈,对物流绩效和供应链绩效形成重要影响.从压缩订单响应时间角度出发,在以整车运输能力为约束的条件下,提出了汽车整车物流准时配送计划问题,参照并行多机提前/拖期问题的研究方法,设计了一种制定整车物流配送计划的启发式算法,最后通过算例证明所提算法的可行性.     

汽车总装车间SPS实施运行探讨

在使用流水线作业方式进行整车大批量生产的汽车总装车间,为提高生产线的利用率,主机厂一般采用多车型混线生产的形式,一条生产线通常可生产5-6种车型,甚至更多,由于车型多、配置多和准时制生产要求,导致生产线线边物料存储面积不足。SPS物料配送方式能够有效解决线边物料存储空间不足的问题,并能提高装配效率,是一种先进的物流输送方式。     

论企业物流的形成及运用

进入二十一世纪,经济全球化使企业竞争日趋激烈。企业为降低成本提高经济效益,纷纷把日光投向了被称作“第三利润源泉”的“物流”。随着企业对物流意识的增强和现代物流业的发展,物流给企业在生产、销售等方面的发展提供了良好保证,如何运用好物流使之为企业创造更多的利润源,已经成为企业研究的课题。本文从企业物流的形成、内涵和运用入手,简单阐述企业物流的形成,认真分析企业物流的内涵及重要性,探讨企业物流的运用,从而达到提升企业竞争力、提高企业经济效益的目的。     

第四方物流剖析

从企业竞争战略的角度，指出了第四方物流产生的必要性；详细分析了第四方物流在整个供应链设计过程中的地位和作用及第四方物流供应商应具备的能力；探讨了在中国发展第四方物流的可能性；并用实例说明了第四方物流的工作方式。     

汽车零部件企业基于准时供货的生产管理模式研究

根据准时供货的概念和特征,结合供应链和价值链管理的思想,分析了影响汽车零部件企业准时供货的主要活动和次要活动.构建了汽车零部件企业基于准时供货的生产管理模式,该生产管理模式在企业零部件实施并取得良好的效果.     

越库物流调度问题及其近似与精确算法

在提出问题基础上,建立了基于在制品优化目标的调度模型;根据模型的不同调度特征,给出问题求解的启发式近似算法,并对算法的计算复杂性进行分析,提出问题精确求解的分枝定界算法;通过数值实验验证所给出算法的有效性.表明:分枝定界算法可以有效求解多达40个货物品种的准时制配送问题;启发式算法也具有较高的计算精度,为实际越库物流管理奠定算法基础.     

解放思想做大物资供应和物流贸易

随着全球经济一体化的进一步深入,国与国之间经济的联系更加密切,特别是我国政治稳定等诸多因素,外部资本、技术、管理方式将大量涌入国内,为我国现代物流的发展提供了很好的机会.我们应该解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进,将现代的物流管理理论、工业工程理论和优化方法有机的结合,提升物资供应保障能力.做大物流贸易收入,加强与矿区外部企业合作,积极开拓社会物流市场,培育新的经济增长点.优化物流的需求、优化配送方式和优化管理方式,才能够实现煤矿企业持续稳定的发展.     

面向并行工程的分布式QFD系统研究

探讨了支持并行工程ｔｅａｍｗｏｒｋ环境的分布式ＱＦＤ系统总体结构，研究了顾客需求提取与评估工具，质量层生成工具及运用计算机支持的协同工作（ＣＳＣＷ）技术开发的协同平台的主要功能和所采用的关键技术。     

DVB/DOCSIS混合传输技术研究

探讨了有线电视网络DVB和DOCSIS协议在数据传输业务中的融合问题，提出了DVB视频和DOCSIS数据带内、带外两种混合传输技术，并在双向HFC网上实现了基于DOCSIS回传信道的视频点播系统。下行方向利用DVB-C发送视频节目，上行利用DOCSIS回传信道传送用户点播信息，实现交互。同时提出了基于DVB／DOCSIS带内融合技术的机顶盒设计方案。     

Additive manufacturing process monitoring and control by non-destructive testing techniques: challenges and in-process monitoring

This paper examines on the obstacles specific to the implementation of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques in additive manufacturing (AM). The general challenges impeding the adoption of AM for volume production of parts, and the use of NDT techniques to ameliorate some of these challenges are studied. These challenges include the lack of understanding of AM materials, and insufficient standards for the mechanical testing and NDT of additively manufactured parts. An overview on the principle of operation for in-process inspection NDT methods is presented. The techniques include thermography, and acoustic emission testing. The applications of these NDT techniques in AM and their suitability for defects detection of additively manufactured parts are reviewed. The sensitivity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are evaluated. The types of defects, and the detectability of these defects by NDT techniques are assessed.     

Comparison of Particle Size Distributions Measured Using Different Techniques

In this article, particle size distributions (PSDs) measured by different techniques, including image analysis (IA), laser diffraction (LD), ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy (UAS), and focused-beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), are compared for spherical glass beads and nonspherical silica flakes. It is shown that particle shape strongly affects the results obtained by different techniques. For spheres, the PSDs obtained by IA, LD, and UAS agree well. There is no consistent result among different particle measurement techniques for nonspherical particles. The conversion between PSDs obtained by IA, LD, and UAS has been based on particle shape factors. Caution must be exercised when a measured chord length distribution (CLD) is used to indicate the PSD during a process because the CLD result obtained by FBRM is complex, depending not only on the PSD, but also on particle optical properties and shape.     

Applications of non-destructive testing techniques for post-process control of additively manufactured parts

This paper presents an overview on the principle of operation for post-process inspection non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques. The techniques include visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, and radiography. The applications of these NDT techniques in additive manufacturing (AM) and their suitability for defects detection of additively manufactured parts are reviewed. The sensitivity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are evaluated. The types of defect, and the detectability of these defects by NDT techniques are assessed. The applicability of each NDT technique for different categories of AM process is discussed. The categories of AM are, namely, material extrusion, powder bed fusion, vat photopolymerisation, material jetting, binder jetting, sheet lamination, and directed energy deposition.     

Comparison of Particle Size Distributions Measured Using Different Techniques

ABSTRACT

In this article, particle size distributions (PSDs) measured by different techniques, including image analysis (IA), laser diffraction (LD), ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy (UAS), and focused-beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), are compared for spherical glass beads and nonspherical silica flakes. It is shown that particle shape strongly affects the results obtained by different techniques. For spheres, the PSDs obtained by IA, LD, and UAS agree well. There is no consistent result among different particle measurement techniques for nonspherical particles. The conversion between PSDs obtained by IA, LD, and UAS has been based on particle shape factors. Caution must be exercised when a measured chord length distribution (CLD) is used to indicate the PSD during a process because the CLD result obtained by FBRM is complex, depending not only on the PSD, but also on particle optical properties and shape.     

运用约束理论与作业成本进行成本核算的对比分析

在解析两种成本控制技术的原理的基础上,从目标、时间、产品成本核算的内容和资源成本的计算等方面对两种成本控制技术进行比较研究,揭示出将两种成本控制技术结合的可行性,并在最后探讨两种成本控制技术运用的结合点.     

Laser direct write patterning technique of indium tin oxide film

The circuit patterns of transparent conductive oxide films (TCO films) have widely formed using the traditional photolithography method. The indium tin oxide (ITO) films of flat panel displays are one of the TCO films and usually ablated using the wet etching, which is widely adopted in the semiconductor processing. However, the chemical wet etching techniques usually appear with more disadvantages in the procedure, including the chemical pollution, the under-cut effect, the swelling and the costly. Therefore, the dry etching would be replaced the photolithography procedures. The laser directing method is one of the dry etching techniques and could form the circuit pattern on the ITO glasses. Moreover, the laser directing techniques could flexibility make the circuit pattern in the TCO film and the substrate would be not eroded by the laser ablation. The investigation is interested in circuit patterning of glass substrate using the laser direct writing techniques to ablate the ITO films by a UV laser materials processing system. The UV laser is a third-harmonic Nd: YAG laser with a 355 nm of wavelength and the power is 1.0 W. In this paper, the ITO films are ablated by the UV laser materials processing system which used the different repetition rate and the feeding speeds of tables. The results of laser pattering of ITO films are measured using the optical microscope (OM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and it indicates the repetition rate of laser would affect the width of line.     

Towards the derivation of an integrated process cost-modelling technique for complex manufacturing systems

Cost modelling is used to support business decisions, especially, when the objective is to remain competitive on price and be able to realise outputs at low cost. Many researchers and industrialists have proposed and experimented with different cost-modelling techniques with a view to influencing design and production decisions at an early stage of the development process. This has led to cost-modelling methods which have been broadly classified in this paper as qualitative and quantitative. The paper identifies current best practice cost-modelling techniques and their performance in complex and dynamic manufacturing environments. The review served as a platform to support the recommendation for an integrated cost-modelling methodology. The integrated methodology is based on the strengths of cost engineering, enterprise modelling, system dynamics and discrete event simulation modelling techniques. The method can help in the redesign and re-engineering of products and processes for better cost and value indications; support investment decision analysis; help determine appropriate business and manufacturing paradigms; influence ‘make, buy or outsourcing’ decisions and serve as a key process improvement tool.     

Advanced Processing Techniques for Step-Frequency Continuous-Wave Penetrating Radar: The Case Study of “Palazzo Vecchio” Walls (Firenze,Italy)

This article deals with different processing techniques applied to data gathered by a novel step-frequency penetrating radar in a measurement survey of the walls of the historical room “Salone dei 500” in Palazzo Vecchio (Firenze, Italy). The aim of the investigation was to detect discontinuities in the masonry walls, possibly corresponding to a cavity containing fragments of the lost fresco of the Battle of Anghiari by Leonardo da Vinci. Data have been processed by means of two different techniques. The first one is a time domain analysis compensating for dielectric losses inside the medium, and the second one is based on a one-dimensional inverse scattering approach. Even if based on different principles, both techniques reveal the presence of a discontinuity in the eastern wall of the room at a depth between 10 and 20 cm, whereas no discontinuity traces are observed in the other walls.