AZ31变形镁合金性能与组织的研究

对商业化的AZ31B和AZ31D变形镁合金挤压后的型材进行取样,对其拉伸性能、断口形貌和金相组织进行了观察。结果表明：挤压后的镁合金发生了动态再结晶,生成了细小的等轴晶粒,从而提高了材料的强度和塑性加工性能,其中AZ31D镁合金的塑性提高得更大。在此基础上进一步对镁合金的变形机制进行探讨。     

镁合金的立式直接冷硬铸造

1概况直接冷硬铸造(DirectChillCastihg)对于铝钢板和挤压产品的加工工艺来说,是具有成本竞争能力的先决条件,但尚没有广泛用于镁合金的铸造方面。2001年初奥地利LKR公司研究开发镁合金立式冷硬铸造工艺技术和建立中间试验厂。开发研究工作集中在采用遥控、高劳动生产率、生产高质量产品的安全问题和方便铸造生产方面,开发项目包括从熔炼、合金化、铸造、热处理到最后镁合金型材的挤压的整个工艺路线。对镁合金AZ31的挤压坯料的横截面粒度分布和宏观偏析状况进行了调研,对多腔镁合金挤压型材的机械性能和(微观)低倍组织性能进行了研究,…     

AZ31变形镁合金及其挤压工艺的研究现状

本文根据文献资料总结了AZ31变形镁合金的性能特点、高温流变应力方程及其挤压工艺的研究和应用现状，为进一步开展AZ31镁合金挤压工艺的研究，特别是计算机模拟提供了参考依据。     

挤压温度和挤压比对AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响

本文研究了挤压比和挤压温度对AZ31镁合金热挤压材显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,挤压可以显著细化AZ31合金的显微组织,挤压比越大,晶粒尺寸越细小,力学性能得到较大提高;随着挤压温度的升高,晶粒有所长大,抗拉强度基本呈减小趋势,而延伸率则先升后降;挤压比为35、挤压温度为350℃时,可得到细化均匀的合金组织和良好的力学性能.     

AZ31镁合金细管静液挤压工艺及组织性能分析

镁合金由于良好的生物相容性、可降解性和优良的力学性能,而展现出在医疗器械应用上的优越性.以AZ31镁合金为研究对象,研究镁合金细管静液挤压成形新技术,并且开发出一种高强韧AZ31镁合金薄壁细管.结果表明:模具预热温度为300℃,挤压坯料温度200℃,挤压比为17 ～31.5,采用超细石墨-PVC塑料粉制备的静液挤压用传力润滑介质进行静液挤压,获得的细管综合性能最好;挤压管坯组织与挤压前相比,得到明显改善,挤压前平均晶粒粒径为150μm,挤压后平均晶粒粒径＜7.0μm;抗压强度由均匀化处理后的210.5MPa提高至挤压后的375.2MPa.     

挤压参数对AZ80镁合金组织性能的影响

对AZ80镁合金铸坯在不同挤压温度和挤压比下的再结晶行为进行了观察,并测量了各挤压条件下的拉伸性能。结果表明:挤压变形及动态再结晶可以显著细化铸造AZ80镁合金的晶粒(由约100μm减少到约10μm);随挤压比的升高,AZ80镁合金的抗拉强度与延伸率都有所提高;在挤压温度为380℃时,抗拉强度最高,硬度适中。     

含钛镁合金新能源汽车型材挤压工艺优化

采用不同的挤压温度、挤压速度和挤压比进行了Mg-Al-Zn-Ti新型含钛镁合金新能源汽车型材的挤压试验,并进行了力学性能的测试与分析。结果表明:随挤压温度升高(300℃到400℃)、挤压速度增快(1 m/min到5 m/min)、挤压比增大(10到26)时,试样的抗拉强度和屈服强度均先增大后减小。与300℃挤压相比,挤压温度360℃时试样的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别增大17%、31%;与1 m/min挤压速度进行比较,采用挤压速度4 m/min挤压时试样的抗拉强度增大14%、屈服强度增大23%;与挤压比10相比,采用挤压比22进行挤压时试样的抗拉强度增大9%、屈服强度增大14%。Mg-Al-Zn-Ti新型含钛镁合金新能源汽车型材的挤压工艺优化参数:挤压温度360℃、挤压速度4 m/min、挤压比22。     

大长细比镁合金细管复合塑性变形工艺研究

镁合金由于其具有良好的生物力学相容性、力学性能和可降解性,在医用领域呈现出较广泛的应用前景。本文主要研究了在AZ31镁合金细管的制备过程中,挤压工艺对其组织及性能的影响。研究结果表明:在模具温度为200℃,坯料温度为200℃,挤压比18.68时,所得细管组织最为均匀细小,壁差率最低为3.4%,同时抗拉强度达303.540 MPa;当挤压比为18.68,坯料温度为200℃时,管材晶粒为3.0μm,组织最为均匀细小,最大伸长率可达9.4%。     

AZ80A镁合金线膨胀系数的研究

采用金属线膨胀系数测试仪,测定了挤压态AZ80A镁合金低温下不同温度阶段的线膨胀系数,得到不同温度阶段线膨胀系数的变化趋势。其次比较了不同牌号的镁合金在不同温度阶段的平均线膨胀系数的差异,分析可能的原因。最后通过比较挤压态和铸态AZ80A镁合金的晶粒大小,解释了两者平均线膨胀系数差异的原因。为下一步研究低线膨胀系数镁合金提供参考依据。     

挤压态AZ31B镁合金在超塑变形过程中的微观组织及力学性能研究

通过正向温挤压获得了细晶微观组织的AZ31B镁合金。研究了在310～460℃范围内,应变速率1×10-3～1×100/s下的超塑性流变行为。结果表明,在415℃、1×10-3/s的条件下AZ31B镁合金具有良好的超塑性,最大延伸率可达380%。应变速率敏感指数达到0.47。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜（SEM）分别观察了AZ31B镁合金在超塑变形过程中的微观组织演变和断口形貌。晶界滑移机制为AZ31B超塑变形的主要机制。     

Effect of Extrusion Temperature on the Plastic Deformation of an Mg-Y-Zn Alloy Containing LPSO Phase Using <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Situ</Emphasis> Neutron Diffraction

The evolution of the internal strains during in situ tension and compression tests has been measured in an MgY₂Zn₁ alloy containing long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase using neutron diffraction. The alloy was extruded at two different temperatures to study the influence of the microstructure and texture of the magnesium and the LPSO phases on the deformation mechanisms. The alloy extruded at 623 K (350 °C) exhibits a strong fiber texture with the basal plane parallel to the extrusion direction due to the presence of areas of coarse non-recrystallised grains. However, at 723 K (450 °C), the magnesium phase is fully recrystallised with grains randomly oriented. On the other hand, at the two extrusion temperatures, the LPSO phase orients their basal plane parallel to the extrusion direction. Yield stress is always slightly higher in compression than in tension. Independently on the stress sign and the extrusion temperature, the beginning of plasticity is controlled by the activation of the basal slip system in the dynamic recrystallized grains. Therefore, the elongated fiber-shaped LPSO phase which behaves as the reinforcement in a metal matrix composite is responsible for this tension–compression asymmetry.     

Effects of extrusion and expelling on the nutritional quality of conventional and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor-free soybeans

Two chick growth experiments and a precision-fed cockerel digestibility assay were conducted to evaluate the effect of extrusion and expelling on the nutritive value of conventional (CSB) and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor-free (KFSB) soybeans. In the first experiment, performance of chicks fed CSB or KFSB autoclaved at 121 C was similar to that of chicks fed CSB or KFSB extruded at 138 C. The effect of extrusion temperature on protein quality of the soybeans was evaluated in the second experiment. Eleven corn-soybean diets were formulated to contain one of the following: CSB extruded at 104, 121, 138, or 154 C; KFSB extruded at 104, 121, or 138 C; CSB extruded at 121, 138, or 154 C followed by processing through an expeller; and commercial dehulled solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM). All diets contained 20% crude protein and the same amount of soybean oil and were fed to chicks from 7 to 21 days of age. The CSB extruded at 104 or 121 C and KFSB extruded at 104 C yielded depressed growth and feed efficiency compared with SBM. Performance of chicks on the other treatments was similar to that of chicks fed SBM. Pancreas weight (as a percentage of BW) decreased as extrusion temperature increased, with the response being greater for CSB. Growth performance was greater and pancreas weights were lower for chicks fed KFSB extruded at 104 or 121 C compared with those of chicks fed CSB extruded at the same temperatures. Expelling improved weight gain and feed efficiency when CSB was extruded at 121 C. A 48-h digestibility assay with cecectomized cockerels indicated that digestibility of amino acids in CSB and KFSB increased as extrusion temperature increased and that digestibilities of amino acids in CSB extruded at 104 or 121 C were lower than those in KFSB extruded at the same temperatures. Results of this study indicated that extrusion of CSB at 138 to 154 C or extrusion of KFSB at 121 to 138 C yields protein quality similar to that of SBM.     

GH625合金管材热挤压成形工艺及组织演变的研究

利用卧式挤压机对GH625合金进行了管材热挤压试验,研究了挤压温度和挤压比对GH625合金管材挤压过程中的力能参数及挤压后管材不同部位的显微组织的影响.结果表明,随着挤压温度的降低和挤压比的升高,最大挤压力逐渐升高.管坯在固定挤压速度40 mm·s-1,预热温度为1150～1200℃和挤压比为3.46～4.10的条件下,可成功挤压出3种规格的GH625合金管材;挤压后的管材由于在挤压过程中发生了动态再结晶组织明显细化,管坯横向组织为等轴的动态再结晶晶粒和原始晶粒组成,纵向组织则由等轴的动态再结晶晶粒及被拉长的原始晶粒组成,呈条带状组织;挤压后管材的外壁、中心、内壁与管材的头部、中部与尾部在热挤压变形过程中,由于变形不均匀发生了不同程度的再结晶,因而存在不同程度的混晶组织.为消除混晶组织,结合设备能力与GH625合金的变形特征,可通过提高坯料挤压的变形温度和挤压比来控制变形的均匀性,并通过切头,去尾和对管材内壁进行少量机加工的方法,可获得具有完全动态再结晶组织的挤压管材.     

挤压比和退火温度对TA22钛合金挤压管组织与性能的影响

通过热挤压方法制备了φ50 mm×8 mm和φ45 mm×7 mm两种规格的TA22钛合金管.研究了9.85、12.6两种挤压比和650、700、750、800℃四种退火温度对热挤压管显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:挤压比对TA22合金挤压管的力学性能影响不大,可以采用较大的挤压比制备TA22合金管以提高生产效率;...     

Effects of RE on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Effects of rare earth (RE) additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of the wrought AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that, by adding 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0% RE elements, the as-cast microstructure can be refined, and the as-cast alloys‘ elongation and tensile strength can be improved. After extrusion, the alloy with 0.3 % and 0.6% RE additions obtain a finer microstructure and the best mechanical properties, but the alloy with 1.0% RE addition has the coarse A1-RE compound particles in grain boundaries which decreased elongation and tensile properties. Usually, Rare earth (RE) elements were used to improve the creep properties of aluminium-containing magnesium pressure die cast alloys at elevated temperatures. In this paper, it is also found that the high temperature strength of extruded materials can be increased by RE elements additions.     

热挤压工艺对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金组织与性能的影响

研究了挤压温度和挤压比对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金挤压型材显微组织、织构及力学性能的影响.挤压温度在相变点T_β以上150~350℃、挤压比λ为25~85范围内时,型材动态再结晶均已完成,形成均匀的魏氏组织.型材的晶粒随挤压温度的降低和挤压比的提高而细化.型材织构在挤压比较低(λ=25)时强度较弱且为随机分布;当挤压比增加时,织构增强并有形成(1219)面纤维织构的趋势;当挤压比提高至85时,形成完整的(1219)面纤维织构.由于织构与晶粒细化的共同作用,使不同挤压条件下得到的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金型材综合力学性能比较稳定,即强度差异均不大于35 MPa,且延伸率和断面收缩率差值均不超过3%.      

Properties of bearing steel extruded from powder obtained by spraying of molten production chips

Conclusions Bearing steel bars may be produced by extrusion of powder produced by spraying of molten production chips with nitrogen. This makes it possible to introduce recycling of metal scrap in the production plant.Extruded powder metallurgy steel has the same density as cast steel and is at least as good in mechanical properties.The fracture toughness of the extruded steel in relation to austenitizing temperature is lower than for rolled steel. Heat treatment produces high strength properties. The extruded powder metallurgy steel has higher contact resistance than the cast. As the result of annealing of extruded powder metallurgy bearing steel a more uniform relationship of contact resistance to austenitizing temperature is obtained.It would be desirable to more thoroughly investigate the extrusion conditions, particularly the temperature and degree of reduction, and also the heat treatment conditions of extruded powder metallurgy steel in order to determine the possibilities of increasing its physicomechanical properties.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No, 3(339), pp. 29–34, March, 1991.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Magnesium-Aluminum-Cerium Alloy Tubes

Current commercial magnesium extrusion alloys do not offer desirable combinations of strength, ductility, and extrusion speed for automotive structural applications. The effect of small additions of cerium (Ce) to pure magnesium (Mg) and Mg-3 pct Al alloy extruded tubes has been studied. The results suggest that 0.2 pct Ce addition can significantly improve the extrudability and mechanical properties of the Mg extrusions. The improvement in mechanical properties is due to grain refinement and dispersion strengthening provided by the Mg₁₂Ce particles and the beneficial texture obtained. Higher Ce contents further increase strength, but significantly reduce ductility and cause excessive surface oxidation during extrusion. The beneficial effect of 0.2 pct Ce on mechanical properties of pure Mg is not observed when it is added to Mg-3 pct Al alloy, due to the higher affinity of Ce to Al to form the Al₁₁Ce₃ phase in the Mg-Al-Ce ternary alloys. The Mg-0.2 pct Ce alloy is a promising base alloy for further development in automotive applications; however, Al should be avoided in Mg-Ce–based extrusion alloys.     

模具结构对FGH4096合金挤压变形影响的数值模拟研究

采用有限元数值模拟软件与正交试验相结合的方法研究了FGH4096合金包覆热挤压过程,系统分析了模具模角、入口圆角半径和工作带长度对挤压制品有效应变分布、温度分布和挤压载荷的影响。结果表明:模角越大,有效应变分布均匀区域减少,挤压载荷升高,挤压过程中产生的温升效应严重;模角越小,有利于挤压载荷的降低,挤压制品心部温升效应减轻,但心部出现有效应变小于1.500的区域增大。入口圆角半径和工作带长度对挤压制品的有效应变分布、温度分布和挤压载荷影响不大。当模角为45°时,有效应变分布均匀的区域增大,有效应变分布更为均匀。制作挤压模具进行模拟实验验证,结果表明实际挤压过程和数值模拟的数据相吻合,证明模拟参数设置合理,对实际生产具有指导意义。