7-羟基喹啉二甲基亚砜溶液的光开关效应

研究了7羟基喹啉（7HQ）在二甲基亚砜（DMS）溶液中的全光光开关效应和激发态质子转移（ES-PT）效应。7HQ在与它能形成分子间氖键的溶剂中，在紫外光的激发下会发牛ESPT效应，使分子的构型发生变化，引起折射率也发生变化，是一种性能优良的全光光开关工作介质。DMS与7HQ不能形成分子间氢键，故7-HQ在DMS溶液中不能发生ESPT，不具有全光光开关效应。但实验发现，7-HQ的DMS溶液经强紫外光照射一段时间后出现了很强的光开关现象。比较了经强紫外光照射前后7-HQ的DMS溶液的吸收光谱和荧光光谱，报道了这一新现象并探讨了其产生的机理。     

微波辐照下二甲基亚砜一氯化钠水溶液动力学特性

本文利用非平衡态分子动力学研究了微波条件下氯化钠一二甲基亚砜水溶液的氢键及壳层结构特性。水分子在溶液中由于氢键存在更亲近于二甲基亚砜分子而非离子,微波辐照下离子水壳层结构更容易被破坏,对化学反应速率产生影响。并且微波辐照时离子周围的水壳层相对于二甲基亚砜分子形成的壳层结构更脆弱,这就对微波辐照下的化学反应选择合适的溶剂提供了理论依据。所以微波能在除热效应之外还会通过影响离子壳层结构和氢键构象对化学反应速率产生影响。     

吖啶酮衍生物粉末微晶的二次谐波测量

建立了有机物粉末二次谐波(SHG)的测量系统。测定了N-烃基口丫啶酮衍生物粉末的SHG,并以溶剂变色法测定了一些口丫啶酮衍生物的分子超极化率与分子基态偶极矩的复合量(βCTμg).从分子结构特征与分子折射率等方面对其所表现出的非线性光学性质进行了分析。具有“Λ”型多极结构、分子间氢键、支化烷基和甲基的口丫啶酮衍生物,粉末SHG较强;βCTμg与SHG相对强度近似线性关系;分子折射率与SHG不满足Kurtz-Pery关系。     

近红外反射光谱研究光透明剂渗透特性对胃组织光学透明的影响

为了解高渗溶液渗透特性对生物组织的光学透明进程的影响，探索光透明剂的安全有效浓度，用近红外反射光谱和相干光断层成像(OCT)研究了两种光透明剂丙三醇(甘油)和二甲亚砜(DMSO)以及二者的混合溶液[体积分数为80％的甘油水溶液，50％的DMSO水溶液，50％的甘油 20％的DMSO水溶液(GD1)和50％的甘油 30％的DMSO水溶液(GD2)]对胃黏膜组织的光学透明作用。结果表明，这四种溶液都能显著增强近红外光在胃黏膜组织中的穿透能力，光学透明的能力由低到高依次为体积分数为50％的DMSO，80％的甘油，GD1和GD2。发现生物组织光透明进程的快慢和效果与光透明剂的渗透所导致的组织的失水速率和程度成正比。     

Improvement of normalized throughput in WDM ＋ OCDMA system using optical hard-limiters

Recently,because of advantages of high-speed opticalprocessing and si mple network control ,the optical codedivision multiple access (OCDMA) has become a hotscheme in LAN and access network[1-5]. According tothe spreading mode, OCDMAcan be mainly dividedi…     

High-Performance Hybrid-Switching Optical Router for IP over WDM Integration

Because pure electrical routers with their bandwidth limitations can hardly keep up with the tremendous traffic growth in the Internet, optical routers based on various optical switching techniques including optical wavelength switching (OWS), optical burst switching (OBS), and optical packet switching (OPS) have been suggested to cope with this problem. However, because OBS and OPS are both in their early experimental phase and OWS only provides coarse granularity switching, a hybrid-switching optical router with combined OWS and electrical packet switching is a necessity in order to accommodate the entire multi-granularity traffic with multi-service requirements in a cost-effective manner. Its coordination capability of optical circuit switching and electrical packet switching enables efficient/intelligent usage of network resources. In this paper, we first review research and developments of such IP routers employing optical switching/interconnection techniques and examine how these techniques can be used inside routers to scale node capacity and to improve optical Internet performance. We also present and study the performance of a terabit optical router with an optical-electrical hybrid-switching fabric. The node architecture is based on the idea of IP over WDM integration with Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS). The network-level performance evaluations show that the proposed hybrid-switching optical router is a cost-effective solution for building the next generation GMPLS-based multi-granularity optical Internet.     

新型近红外域调Q及锁模用染料

合成了吸收在红外域１２７０ｕｍ的红外调Ｑ、锁模染料，它的四氯乙烯溶液及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯薄膜能对１０６４ｕｍ和１０７９ｕｍ激光进行满意的调Ｑ，脉宽为４～７ｕｓ。当用其二甲基亚砜溶液对１０７９ｕｍ和１３４０ｕｍ激光进行锁模时，显示出优良性能，锁模脉宽为３０～５０Ｐｓ。     

Improved Molecular Stacking and Data‐Storage Performance of Pyridine‐ and Pyrimidine‐Substituted Small Molecules

The molecular stacking in film state has been confirmed to have an important influence on electronic properties of organic semiconductors. Thus, how to improve the molecular stacking and the corresponding device performance through molecular design is a difficult question that researches want to figure out. In this work, three small molecules with different bridge‐spacers, phenyl ring, pyridine, and pyrimidine, are designed to study the effect of nitrogen amount on molecular stacking in film state. The infrared spectroscopy in solution and film states are first measured to consider the hydrogen bond between the neighboring molecules, which can induce ordered molecular stacking through intermolecular interaction. X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering measurements confirm the ordered molecular stacking and crystalline orientation of nitrogenous heterocycles substituted molecules in film state. Additionally, nitrogenous heterocycles substituted molecules exhibit the excellent ternary data‐storage properties with low threshold voltage and high current ratio. This result presents the strategy for designing novel small molecules with excellent molecular stacking in film state.     

基于非理想克尔介质的弧形波导全光开关

本文用有限差分光束传播法（FD－BPM）模拟并给出了基于理想克尔介质的弧形波导全光开关的开关特性曲线,分析了克尔介质中的非克尔非线性效应。用FD－BPM就非线性饱和以及背景吸收对弧形波导全光开关特性的影响进行了模拟,模拟结果表明,背景吸收和非线性饱和会减少弧形波导全光开关的开关次数,增加弧形波导全光开关的开关功率,导致全光开关的开关特性恶化。     

一种改进的多粒度光交叉连接结构

多粒度光交叉连接能够提供光纤、波带和波长三种粒度的光交换,这一机制能有效提高交换性能,同时通过交换端口数的减少来降低光交换的成本。在这种交换结构中,需要在下层进行交换的信号需要首先经过上层的交换,或者所有信号都需要被不加区分地解复用出来进行交换,这造成了信号的过大损耗和失真,以及交换端口的浪费。我们在介绍了现有的研究以后,提出一种改进后的多粒度光交叉连接结构。通过仿真分析,可以看出这一新结构能够比其他结构更灵活地配置交换端口,同时能够避免不必要的信号损耗和失真,降低交换成本。     

下一代光传送网ASON

提出当今解决光传送网所面临问题的方法,是采用既能低成本建网又能智能化完成交换连接的自动交换光网络( ASON );介绍回顾了光传送网 ASON 技术的产生和取得的成果,以及 ASON 中几种关键控制平面技术的发展情况;阐述了 ASON 控制平面与传统传送网的本质区别、管理平面智能化管理特点所带来的 3 种优点,以及传送平面中光交叉连接( OXC )的 6 种主要交换结构、发展方向和存在的主要问题;最后综述了新一代基于数字同步系列(SDH )提供多种业务、集成传输、交换和路由功能的多业务传送平台(MSTP )技术,并描述其新功能和远期目标。     

半导体光放大器的偏振光开关性能改进

半导体光放大器(SOA)非线性偏振旋转效应的光开关具有开关速度快、易集成等优点,其开关操作可以通过改变注入SOA中的电流而获得。这种偏振光开关的性能主要受注入光功率与控制电流的大小范围来决定。基于SOA中的偏振主态的概念,分析了非线性偏振旋转效应与控制电流的关系,并对不同功率的注入光进行了偏振旋转实验,分别实现了偏振光开关的操作。实验结果表明:随着注入光功率的增加可以提高光开关的分光比,有效改进光开关的性能。当注入光为5 dBm时,光开关的分光比与消光比均可达到30 dB。     

Amino Acid Pairing for De Novo Design of Self‐Assembling Peptides and Their Drug Delivery Potential

Molecular self‐assembly has emerged as the “bottom‐up” engineering route to fabricate functional supramolecules for diverse applications. The design of molecular building units becomes critical in determining the structure, properties, and function of the resulting assemblies. Here, a de novo design principle of amino acid pairing (AAP) to generate new classes of self‐assembling peptides (SAPs) is presented. In this study, the AAP focuses on hydrogen bonding, and ionic and hydrophobic interactions among amino acid pairs. With solely hydrogen bond pairs, SAPs can be constructed with only two amino acids. With all three AAP strategies (hydrogen bonds, ionic and hydrophobic pairs), a short novel SAP is constructed. This peptide can self‐assemble into β‐sheet‐rich nanofibers with a relatively low “critical aggregation concentration (CAC)” of ～10 μM . It also shows the ability to stabilize and deliver the hydrophobic anticancer agent ellipticine in aqueous solution. The peptide‐drug complexes/co‐assemblies exhibit anticancer activity against human lung carcinoma cells A549 and breast cancer cells MCF‐7, and have good dilution stability. The presented AAP design provides a new strategy to fabricate functional supramolecules with potential applications in nanomedicine.     

Polarization Mode-Hopping Suppression and Performance Enhancement by Optical Feedback in a Current-Driven Polarization Switching VCSEL

This research investigates the effect of optical feedback on the characteristics of current-driven polarization switching (CDPS) in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Experimental results indicate that the noise of polarization mode-hopping around the polarization switching current can be significantly suppressed by optical feedback. Furthermore, with the assistance of polarization-selective optical feedback, the percentage of successful switching of CDPS approaches to 100% at a driving frequency of up to 50 MHz. While, without optical feedback, that percentage is less than 26%. These results can be used to greatly enhance the performance of CDPS in VCSELs.     

Performance analysis and dimensioning of multi-granular optical networks

Recent years have demonstrated the limited scalability of electronic switching to realize transport networks. In response, all-optical switching has been identified as a candidate solution to enable high-capacity networking in the future. One of the fundamental challenges is to efficiently support a wide range of traffic patterns, and thus emerges the need for equipment that is both practical and economical to construct and deploy. We have previously proposed the use of multi-granular optical cross-connects (MG-OXC), which support switching on both the wavelength and sub-wavelength level. To this end, the MG-OXCs are equipped with cheap, highly scalable slow switching fabrics, as well as a small number of expensive fast switching ports. The goal of this work is two-fold: first to demonstrate that a small number of fast switching ports suffices to support a wide range of traffic requirements, and second that multi-granular optical switching can offer cost-benefits on a network-wide scale. The first objective is studied through simulation analysis of a single switching node, and results indicate that a limited number of fast switching ports can significantly improve burst blocking performance over slow only switches. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, the MG-OXC can even approach the performance of a fast only switch design. Secondly, we introduce an Integer Linear Programming model for the total network installation cost, and our evaluation indicates that multi-granular optical switching can be a cost-effective solution on the network level, in comparison to slow only or fast only approaches. Furthermore, we can achieve reduced costs of individual OXC nodes, which allows us to minimize scalability problems corresponding to emerging fast switching fabrics.     

Vector finite element solution of saturable nonlinear strip-loaded optical waveguides

A numerical solution is given for nonlinear optical waveguides with power confinement in both transverse dimensions. Self-consistent solutions are obtained by using an accurate vector-finite-element formulation along with the penalty technique. Numerical results for the first quasi-transverse-magnetic power-dependent mode are presented for strip-loaded waveguides with saturable self-focusing media. The variations with total power are illustrated for the modal index and for the fraction of the total power carried by different regions, showing interesting abrupt power switching for realistic geometries. It is shown that the switching effect is maintained in the presence of saturation and over a range of two-transverse-dimensions geometries. This switching effect can be controlled with variation of some of the parameters of the guide.<>     

Design of photonic rearrangeable networks with zero first-orderswitching-element-crosstalk

The development of optical cross-connect architectures is a very important topic today. We consider here in particular the class of optical space-division switching fabrics configured as multistage structures built with 2×2 optical switching elements (SEs) and derived from a combination of vertical replication and horizontal expansion of Banyan networks. We determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for these matrices to be rearrangeably nonblocking and free of first-order crosstalk in SEs. This impairment is one of the major limitations in optical cross-connect performance. We focus on rearrangeable matrices since they have lower complexity than their strict-sense nonblocking counterparts. Given the current high cost of optical SEs, the rearrangeable solution looks attractive today     

Soliton Interaction in Optical Soliton Switching

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Tuning of Terahertz Resonances of Pyridyl Benzamide Derivatives by Electronegative Atom Substitution

N-(pyridin-2-yl) benzamide (Ph2AP)-based organic molecules with prominent terahertz (THz) signatures (less than 5 THz) have been synthesized. The THz resonances are tuned by substituting the most electronegative atom, fluorine, at ortho (2F-Ph2AP), meta (3F-Ph2AP), and para (4F-Ph2AP) positions in a Ph2AP molecule. Substitution of fluorine helps in varying the charge distribution of the atoms forming hydrogen bond and hence strength of the hydrogen bond is varied which helps in tuning the THz resonances. The tuning of lower THz resonances of 2F-Ph2AP, 3F-Ph2AP, and 4F-Ph2AP has been explained in terms of compliance constant (relaxed force constant). Four-molecule cluster simulations have been carried out using Gaussian09 software to calculate the compliance constant of the hydrogen bonds. Crystal structure simulations of the above molecules using CRYSTAL14 software have been carried out to understand the origin of THz resonances. It has been observed that THz resonances are shifted to higher frequencies with stronger hydrogen bonds. The study shows that 3F-Ph2AP and 4F-Ph2AP have higher hydrogen bond strength and hence the THz resonances originating due to stretching of intermolecular hydrogen bonds have been shifted to higher frequencies compared to 2F-Ph2AP. The methodology presented here will help in designing novel organic molecules by substituting various electronegative atoms in order to achieve prominent THz resonances.     

A novel architecture of optical code label generation and recognition for optical packet switching

A novel architecture of optical code (OC) label generation and recognition for optical packet switching (OPS) by using super structured fiber Bragg grating (SSFBG) is proposed.The OC label is generated and recognized by a label generator and recognizer,respectively.The label generator is composed of N encoders in parallel,and it can generate 2N kinds of serial optical code labels (SOCLs) for indicating 2N network routing information.The label recognizer can decode SOCLs by N decoders in parallel and provides label information to the switching control unit so that clock information is not required during the decoding process.In the switch nodes,handling of the high-speed information payload stream and the recognition of the OC label are performed in the optical domain,while processing of the routing information remains in the electrical domain.This approach could be a promising solution for an OPS network with high capacity,good quality of service (QoS),multi-service function and high security.In this experiment,we demonstrate 40Gbps 256 label optical packet switching that employs clockless SOCL processing.