钨硅杂多酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

以钨硅酸为催化剂，马来酸酐和异戊醇为原料催化合成马来酸二异戊酯。钨硅酸是合成马来酸二异戊酯的良好催化剂。最佳工艺条件为：在酸酐与醇的物质的量比为1：4，催化剂用量为，0.40g／0．05mol马来酸酐，异戊醇（带水剂）10mL，反应时间60min的条件下，马来酸二异戊酯的酯化率为96．81％。     

固体酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

综述了对甲苯磺酸、氨基磺酸、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、六水三氯化铁、五水四氯化锡、十二水合硫酸铁铵、一水硫酸氢钠、固体超强酸和杂多酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的方法。指出固体酸催化剂是催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的良好催化剂。     

合成马来酸二异戊醅的催化剂研究

综述了氯化铁、硫酸氢钠、稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2/La^3-、硫酸铁铵、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、复合型固体超强酸、氨基磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、混合金属氧化物固载杂多酸、钨硅杂多酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的方法。指出氯化铁、硫酸氢钠和硅钨杂多酸是催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的良好催化剂。     

合成马来酸二异戊酯的催化剂研究

综述了氯化铁、硫酸氢钠、稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3-、硫酸铁铵、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、复合型固体超强酸、氨基磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、混合金属氧化物固载杂多酸、钨硅杂多酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的方法.指出氯化铁、硫酸氢钠和硅钨杂多酸是催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的良好催化剂.     

固体酸催化合成马来酸二戊酯

综述了对甲苯磺酸、氨基磺酸、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、六水三氯化铁、五水四氯化锡、十二水合硫酸铁铵、一水硫酸氢钠、固体超强酸和杂多酸催化合成马来酸二戊酯的合成方法。指出固体酸催化剂是催化合成马来酸二戊酯的良好催化剂。     

硫酸铁铵催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

在十二水合硫酸铁铵催化剂存在下，由马来酸酐和异戊醇合成了马来酸二异戊酯，当马来酸酐、异戊醇和硫酸铁铵的摩尔比为1：6：0．09，回流分水60min，酯收率达90％。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

在对甲苯磺酸存在下，由马来酸酐和异戊醇合成了马来酸二异戊酯。当马来酸酐，异戊醇和对甲苯磺酸的质量的比为1：3：0．2，回流分水60min，酯收率达97．7％。     

氨基磺酸催化、光异构化合成富马酸二甲酯

马来酸酐和甲醇在氨基磺酸催化下发生酯化反应，所得产物马来酸二甲酯在光和溴存在下异构化成富马酸二甲酯。n(马来酸酐)：n(甲醇)：n(氨基磺酸)=1：5：0．2，回流反应6h，该酯收率达90．3％，该法具有操作方便，反应温和，产品收率高的优点。     

混合金属氧化物固载杂多酸催化剂的制备及其催化性能研究

采用微波法制备了混合金属氧化物固载的杂多酸(HPA)催化剂HPA/ TiO₂-SnO₂,通过TEM、IR和TG-DTA等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征。在马来酸和异戊醇合成马来酸二异戊酯的反应中,考察了催化剂的催化活性以及影响酯化反应的相关因素。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比 6∶1 (马来酸用量为0.05 mol, 异戊醇用量为0.30 mol),催化剂用量 0.75 g,回流分水50 min。马来酸二异戊酯的收率＞91%。     

合成水杨酸异戊酯催化剂的研究进展

评述了对甲苯磺酸、氨基磺酸、阳离子交换树脂、六水三氯化铁、一水硫酸氢钠、复合硫酸铁、固体超强酸和杂多酸等催化剂催化合成水杨酸异戊酯的方法。认为氨基磺酸、阳离子交换树脂、一水硫酸氢钠、固体超强酸和杂多酸等是对合成水杨酸异戊酯具有实用价值的催化剂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。