低聚木糖和酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验通过在仔猪日粮中添加低聚木糖和酸化剂,来研究其对早期断奶仔猪增重、料重比以及腹泻率的影响,并探讨低聚木糖与酸化剂是否具有协同作用.按体重和性别分成4个处理组:对照组(饲喂玉米-豆粕基础日粮)、低聚木糖(200 mg/kg)组、酸化剂(8 g/kg)组、合用组(添加低聚木糖(200 mg/kg)和酸化剂(8 g/kg)).结果表明,试验组平均日增重、料重比得到改善(P＜0.05),腹泻率显著下降(P＜0.01).研究认为低聚木糖和酸化剂合用可在一定程度上提高断奶仔猪的生产性能.     

不同粒度低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、血清生化、抗氧化和粪便微生物的影响

试验主要比较不同粒度低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能及粪便微生物的影响。选取72头35日龄窝别、体重相近(10±0.5kg)的三元(杜×长×大)杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组),以及在基础日粮中添加100g/t常规低聚木糖(常规组)和添加100g/t超微低聚木糖(超微组)。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、血清生化指标无显著影响;但与常规组相比,超微组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高了7.71%、7.35%(P0.05);添加低聚木糖可以提高血清抗氧化性能和调节粪便微生物菌群,其中常规组显著提高血清总抗氧化活力,显著降低粪便中大肠杆菌数量。     

低聚糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为探讨不同低聚糖和抗生素对仔猪的生长性能、腹泻率的影响,在试验组基础日粮中分别添加0.02%低聚木糖、0.1%低聚异麦芽糖和抗生素(500 mg/kg金霉素).结果表明,添加低聚木糖组和低聚异麦芽糖组较抗生素组全期平均日增重分别提高8.83%和7.53%,差异显著(P＜0.05);料重比下降5.38%和5.23%,差异显著(P＜0.05);毛利收入增加7.49%和6.5%;仔猪腹泻状况也有所改善.低聚糖在一定程度上可替代抗生素,但不同低聚糖的饲喂效果存在差异.     

蚕蛹蛋白酶解肽对断奶仔猪血液生化指标和小肠黏膜的影响

选择21目龄断奶的杜大长仔猪64头,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组添加0.3%蚕蛹蛋白酶解肽.试验结果表明:(1)蚕蛹蛋白酶解肽明显提高断好仔猪日增重,降低料重比和腹泻率.(2)断奶后14 d,试验组血清碱性磷酸酶和血清铁明显高于对照组.(3)添加蚕蛹蛋白酶解肽可显著提高断奶后14 d仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度,降低十二指肠、空肠和回肠的隐窝深度.(4)添加蚕蛹蛋白酶解肽可显著提高断奶后14 d仔猪空肠黏膜蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性.     

低聚木糖与抗生素配伍应用对肉鸡生产性能的影响

选取1日龄1008羽健康AA肉鸡,随机分成6个组,各组分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和在基础日粮中添加抗生素(杆菌肽锌16.7mg/kg、硫酸粘杆菌3.3mg/kg)、“抗生素 低聚木糖”6种不同日粮,研究不同处理对肉鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组前期、后期和全期的体增重分别提高了-2.5%~1.9%、1.5%~16.2%和1.0%~10.3%,“抗生素20mg/kg 0.015%低聚木糖”组肉鸡后期和全期的体增重提高明显(P<0.05),“抗生素20mg/kg 0.015%低聚木糖”组和“抗生素15mg/kg 0.015%低聚木糖”组对肉鸡全期的体增重改善程度分别是“抗生素20mg/kg 0.01%低聚木糖”组和“抗生素15mg/kg 0.01%低聚木糖”组的2.6倍和3倍(P>0.05);添加“抗生素20mg/kg 0.015%低聚木糖”组肉鸡前期(P>0.05)、后期(P<0.05)和全期(P<0.05)的采食量提高;“抗生素20mg/kg 0.015%低聚木糖”组体增重和料重比最佳。     

哺乳期使用植物小肽对断奶仔猪消化酶活性、免疫功能及消化道酸度的影响

选用300头PIC五元杂交,哺乳阶段分别使用对照日粮,及含有2%血浆蛋白粉、2%植物小肽和4%植物小肽日粮的4个处理的(21±2)日龄断奶仔猪各75头,分成3个重复,预饲期为4 d,试验期为42 d,研究哺乳期使用植物小肽对断奶仔猪消化酶活性、免疫性能及消化道酸度的影响.研究结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,哺乳期仔猪日粮中添加4%植物小肽可以提高断奶仔猪胰脏中胃蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),提高十二指肠段脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),提高空肠中淀粉酶和胃蛋白酶活性(P>0.05);(2)添加植物小肽对提高血清中的IgA与IgM含量有促进作用,4%植物小肽组IgG含量显著提高了(P<0.05);(3)植物小肽的添加有提高胃、十二指肠、回肠、盲肠酸度的趋势.本试验条件下,哺乳期补饲日粮中添加植物小肽能够提高断奶仔猪的生长,促进机体营养代谢,并且随着植物小肽添加量的增加效果更加明显.     

饲粮粒度对肉仔鸡生产性能及消化道发育的影响

研究饲粮粒度对肉仔鸡生产性能及消化道发育的影响,60只1日龄AA+公、母混合雏随机分成2个处理组,分别饲喂细粒、粗粒饲粮至14日龄。结果表明:与细粒饲粮组相比,饲喂粗粒饲粮组肉仔鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重极显著提高(P0.01),料重比极显著降低(P0.01),十二指肠绒毛、空肠绒毛、回肠绒毛高度极显著增长(P0.01);十二指肠、回肠绒毛隐窝深度差异不显著,空肠绒毛隐窝深度极显著减小(P0.01);十二指肠、空肠、回肠肠壁厚度极显著变薄(P0.01)。     

低聚壳聚糖对断奶仔猪血清生化指标、抗氧化性能和粪便微生物的影响

研究在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加不同水平的低聚壳聚糖对其血清生化指标、抗氧化性能及粪便菌群的影响.结果显示:与未添加低聚壳聚糖组相比,低聚壳聚糖组断奶仔猪血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆回醇差异不显著(P＞0.05);100mg/kg低聚壳聚糖组的谷草转氨酶活性极显著提高(P＜0.01),碱性磷酸酶活性极显著降低(P＜0.01);50、100mg/kg低聚壳聚糖组过氧化氢酶活性提高显著(P＜0.05);低聚壳聚糖对血清中的三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素均有提高趋势,其中添加25 mg/kg可显著提高血清中生长激素含量(P＜0.05);低聚壳聚糖组断奶仔猪粪便中大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量均呈下降趋势,其中添加50 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖可显著降低大肠杆菌的数量(P＜0.05).低聚壳聚糖适宜的添加水平为50 mg/kg.     

日粮添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡表观消化率及肠道组织形态的影响

通过在小麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶,研究了木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡回肠及总消化道养分和非淀粉多糖(NSP)表观消化率及小肠形态的影响.试验将7日龄肉仔鸡随机分为3组,即为小麦基础日粮中添加0%、0.03%和0.1%的加酶组,饲喂至21日龄.结果表明:与对照组相比,0.1%的加酶组显著提高了淀粉在回肠和总消化道中的表观消化率(P<0.05),极显著提高了可溶性非淀粉多糖(SNSP)、不溶性非淀粉多糖(INSP)在回肠的表观消化率(P<0.01),显著提高了SNSP的总消化道表观消化率(P<0.05).此外,0.1%的加酶组还极显著降低了十二指肠的肠壁厚(P<0.01),并极显著增加了肉仔鸡回肠隐窝深度和绒毛高度(P相似文献   

铁源对乳猪小肠绒毛发育的影响

选用长×长×二商品乳猪72头,分为对照(不补铁)(Ⅰ)、补小肽铁(Ⅱ)和补右旋糖苷铁(Ⅲ)3组,每组24头,设3个重复,补铁剂量为100mg/头.测定14日龄乳猪小肠绒毛高度、腺窝深度,计算绒毛高度和腺窝深度的比值(绒腺比).结果表明,补铁乳猪小肠绒毛的生长发育良好,对照乳猪小肠绒毛高度较低,腺窝较浅;口服小肽铁可达到肌肉注射右旋糖苷铁同样的效果.     

铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘小鼠肠道形态及肠道免疫细胞数量的影响

目的 探究铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘小鼠的肠隐窝深度、黏膜厚度、绒毛高度及淋巴细胞数的影响,从肠道形态和肠道免疫明确铁皮石斛对脾虚便秘的疗效机制。方法 18只SPF级KM小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和治疗组。通过灌胃番泻叶水煎液7 d,控制饮食、饥饱失常8 d建立小鼠脾虚便秘模型。造模成功后,治疗组灌胃铁皮石斛汤剂,正常组与模型组灌胃等量无菌水,持续5 d。试验结束后,采集各组小鼠回肠、空肠和盲肠约2 cm肠段,分析隐窝深度、绒毛高度、黏膜厚度和淋巴细胞数。结果 与正常组和模型组相比,铁皮石斛能增加小鼠空肠淋巴细胞数和回肠肠黏膜厚度(P<0.01或P<0.05)。治疗组小鼠盲肠绒毛高度显著高于正常组(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度虽然高于正常组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),治疗组小鼠盲肠黏膜厚度和淋巴细胞数高于模型组,二者差异显著(P<0.05)。结论 铁皮石斛通过改善脾虚便秘小鼠肠道形态,增加黏膜淋巴细胞数来治疗脾虚便秘。     

Effects of adlay bran and its ethanolic extract and residue on preneoplastic lesions of the colon in rats

BACKGROUND: Adlay (Coix lachryma‐jobi L. var. ma‐yuen Stapf) is a cereal crop used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a nutritious food. Epidemiologists have suspected that the low cancer rates in southeastern China might be related to adlay. Previous studies have shown that adlay has anti‐tumour and anti‐inflammatory activity. This study investigated the effect of adlay bran and its fractions on chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. RESULTS: Adlay bran and its ethanolic extract and residue significantly reduced the number of preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and modified their mucin composition. The inhibitory effect of adlay bran ethanolic extract on ACF showed a dose dependence. Adlay bran and its ethanolic extract suppressed small ACF (one, two or three crypts) and ACF in the distal colon, while the residue suppressed large ACF (four or more crypts). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the possibility that adlay bran and its ethanolic extract and residue inhibit colonic preneoplastic lesions in an early stage. Adlay and its fractions may have the potential to be developed as chemopreventive cereal products. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同区段小鼠小肠类器官体外培养方法建立

肠道是食物营养物质消化吸收的主要器官,良好的肠道体外培养模型有助于推动新型食物营养物质及功能活性物质的吸收及功效评价方法建立.本文以含有肠道干细胞的肠道隐窝为基础,通过优化不同区段小肠隐窝分离方法和体外培养基组成,建立一套完整的不同区段小肠类器官(包括十二指肠、空肠和回肠)培养方法.采用免疫荧光和RT-PCR方法进一步...     

不同配比的荞麦日粮对高胆固醇血症小鼠肠道胆固醇吸收和菌群的影响（网络首发、推荐阅读）

研究不同比例荞麦日粮,对高胆固醇脂血症小鼠肠道胆固醇吸收和排出功能及肠道菌群的影响。小鼠分别饲喂AIN-93M标准饲料空白组,高胆固醇饲料模型组、高胆固醇饲料+荞麦低剂量组、高胆固醇饲料+荞麦高剂量组,饲喂12周。结果显示,不同比例荞麦日粮均能降低血液中胆固醇含量,修复小肠受损结构。相对于模型组,荞麦日粮组能提高小肠的ABCG5/ABCG8（ATP binding cassette transporter subfamily G members 5/8）信使核糖核酸（mRNA）表达量,减少NPC1L1（Niemann-Pick type C 1 like 1）蛋白的mRNA表达量,进而减少小肠对胆固醇的吸收。不同比例的荞麦日粮可以极显著升高小鼠肠ABCA1、SR- B1基因表达,提升肠道中胆固醇的逆向转运。相比模型组,高比例荞麦日粮大幅度促进肠道菌群的丰度,而低比例荞麦日粮对肠道菌群的丰度有负面作用。     

Effective suppression of azoxymethane‐induced aberrant crypt foci formation in mice with citrus peel flavonoids

Citrus peel or its extract has been reported to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity. Herein, we report the first investigation of inhibitory effects of a formulated product from citrus peel extract, gold lotion (GL), on azoxymethane‐induced colonic tumorigenesis. We have demonstrated that oral feeding of GL decreased the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), particularly large size of ACF in colonic tissues of mice. Both gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) were suppressed by GL treatment. The in vivo data have revealed for the first time that the citrus peel extract–GL–is an effective antitumor agent mechanistically downregulating the protein levels of iNOS, COX‐2, ornithine decarboxylase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metallopeptidase 9 in colonic tissues of mice, suggesting that GL is a novel functional natural product capable of preventing inflammation‐associated colon tumorigenesis.     

Dietary supplement of isohumulones inhibits the formation of aberrant crypt foci with a concomitant decrease in prostaglandin E2 level in rat colon

Male Fischer 344 rats were subcutaneously injected with azoxymethane (AOM) twice weekly at a dose of 15 mg/kg and were fed with freeze-dried (FD) samples of beer brewed without hops (non-hops beer), beer with hops at 4 times the amount of regular lager beer (x 4-hops beer), and isomerized hop extract (IHE) for the whole experimental period (I/PI) or for the post-initiation period (PI) only. Feeding FD beer samples at a dose of 1% significantly decreased the number of aberrant cryp foci (ACF) in the PI protocol over five weeks.x4-hops beer showed stronger inhibitory effects on the development of the numbers of aberrant crypts per focus and large ACF with four or more crypts than non-hops beer. Feeding IHE to rats at a dose of 0.01% or 0.05% in either the I/PI or PI experiment significantly reduced the numbers of ACF. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in colonic mucosa of AOM-treated rats were significantly reduced by feeding of IHE. PGE2 production induced by lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma) in RAW264.7 cells was also reduced by treatment with IHE and isohumulone in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that isohumulones show chemopreventive effects on ACF formation in rat colon by inhibiting the production of PGE2.     

酪蛋白糖巨肽对二甲肼干预的大鼠细胞因子网络变化的研究

目的：探讨不同剂量酪蛋白糖巨肽（casein glycomacropeptide,CGMP）干预二甲肼处理的大鼠时,外周血和结肠组织内细胞因子水平的变化情况,从而推断CGMP对二甲肼处理的大鼠细胞因子网络的影响。方法：60 只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、CGMP低剂量组、CGMP中剂量组和CGMP高剂量组。除正常组外,对每只大鼠每周腹腔注射二甲肼,剂量为30 mg/（kg•周）,同时,3 个剂量CGMP组注射二甲肼的同时每天灌胃CGMP,剂量分别为10、50、100 mg/（kg•d）。15 周后,处死大鼠,取其结肠组织和血清,首先检测结肠末端异型隐窝灶个数,然后利用液相芯片法检测结肠组织和血清中的细胞因子的表达水平。结果：乳源CGMP对大鼠体质量影响没有显著性差异,乳源CGMP对大鼠内毒素和活性氧簇的水平具有显著的抑制作用,其抑制作用呈剂量依赖趋势。乳源CGMP可显著抑制异型隐窝灶的形成,且异型隐窝灶个数呈剂量依赖性降低。乳源CGMP可以显著抑制大鼠体内Th1/Th2类细胞因子的失衡,且呈剂量依赖趋势。结论：乳源CGMP具有改善二甲肼处理的大鼠结肠组织损伤的功能,其机制为乳源CGMP可以有效抑制二甲肼处理的大鼠体内异型隐窝灶的形成,并呈剂量依赖性,研究显示乳源CGMP可以下调大鼠体内IL-4等Th2类细胞因子的异常升高,促进IL-2等Th1类细胞因子的分泌,改善大鼠体内处于失衡状态的细胞因子网络。     

Tetrahydrocurcumin is more effective than curcumin in preventing azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis

Scope : Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a major metabolite of curcumin (CUR), has been demonstrated to be anti‐cancerogenic and anti‐angiogenic and prevents type II diabetes. In this present study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of dietary administration of CUR and THC in azoxymethane (AOM)‐induced colon carcinogenesis in mice. Methods and results : All mice were sacrificed at 6 and 23 wk, and colonic tissue was collected and examined. We found that dietary administration of both CUR and THC could reduce aberrant crypt foci and polyps formation, while THC showed a better inhibitory effect than CUR. At the molecular level, results from Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining showed that dietary CUR and THC exhibited anti‐inflammatory activity by decreasing the levels of inducible NOS and COX‐2 through downregulation of ERK1/2 activation. In addition, both dietary CUR and THC significantly decreased AOM‐induced Wnt‐1 and β‐catenin protein expression, as well as the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β in colonic tissue. Moreover, dietary feeding with CUR and THC markedly reduced the protein level of connexin‐43, an important molecule of gap junctions, indicating that both CUR and THC might interfer with the intercellular communication of crypt cells. Conclusion : Taken together, these results demonstrated for the first time the in vivo chemopreventive efficacy and molecular mechanisms of dietary THC against AOM‐induced colonic tumorigenesis.