城市污水生物脱氮除磷应用技术

对近年来国内外城市污水生物脱氮除磷工艺机理的研究成果进行了综述 ,介绍了几种常见的生物脱氮除磷工艺 ,并从生物脱氮除磷系统内微生物群体动态平衡的角度详细论述了生物脱氮除磷工艺的影响因素 .     

SBR法处理城市污水的脱氮除磷功效

采用SBR工艺对广州的城市污水进行了生物脱氮除磷试验研究。结果表明：在碳、氮、磷比例不理想的情况下,达到了既去除有机物又能脱氮除磷的效果,当总停留时间控制在4．5－5．5h,污泥负荷为0．14－0．26kgBOD5/(kgMLSS.d)时,出水BOD5浓度为5．12－13．62mg/L,去除率达85％－93％;出水COD浓度为10．7－32．2mg/L,去除率达82％－88％;出水NH3－N浓度为2．83－9．23mg/L,去除率达53％－87％;出水TP浓度为0．1－0．45mg/L,去除率达85％－99％。     

城市污水生物除磷脱氮机理研究探讨

目前,城市污水处理厂的处理对象包括BOD5、SS和氮、磷等营养物质。就脱氮与除磷而言,由于各自过程的要求不同,二者之间存在一定的矛盾关系。讨论了城市污水生物除磷脱氮的基本原理,综述了城市污水脱氮除磷机理方面的研究现状和进展。分析了脱氮与除磷二者之间的矛盾关系,在此基础之上对磷氮磷合并去除工艺进行了比较,并对以后开展这方面的研究提出了展望。     

城市污水处理厂脱氮除磷及其影响因素影响研究

随着我国的工业水平高速发展,目前我国的工业企业数量已经达到了十分巨大的数字,也为我国的经济发展做出了巨大贡献。但是对这些企业而言,在进行工业生产的过程中常常伴随着污水的排出,对环境造成了巨大污染,对我国人民的身体健康造成了巨大威胁。因此就需要对这些污水进行处理。而对城市污水处理厂来说,最重要的任务就是将污水进行脱氮除磷处理。文章讨论了城市污水处理厂脱氮除磷的影响。     

低碳源城市污水的低氧同步脱氮除磷研究

采用SBR工艺辅以污泥外循环厌氧释磷后排放富磷上清液的方法,对低碳源城市污水的脱氮除磷效果进行了研究.结果表明:降低曝气量、控制低DO状态可以减少碳源的有氧氧化程度,提高脱氮效果;回流至SBR反应器厌氧段的外循环释磷污泥,可以利用SBR系统的硝酸盐进行反硝化吸磷,保证了系统的除磷效果.对于COD<200 mg/L、COD/TN<5、COD/TP<25的低碳源污水,在SRT为60 d、曝气量为2.5 m3/(h·m3)、曝气段平均DO为0.2 mg/L的情况下,对氨氮、总氮、总磷的平均去除率分别为82%、61%、95%,出水水质达到了<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准的要求.     

城市污水脱氮除磷工艺改造的效果研究

随着国家对水环境要求的不断提高,尤其是对污水处理厂出水氮、磷指标要求的提高,导致部分污水处理厂出水水质已不能满足要求,必须进行脱氮除磷改造。结合郑州市五龙口污水处理厂的工艺改造,对改造前后的出水水质进行了对比分析。结果表明,改造后的出水水质除了NH3-N浓度变化不大外,其余指标都明显降低,各项指标均能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级B标准。     

OGO工艺处理城市污水脱氮除磷试验研究

通过对OCO工艺的改进,延伸了C隔墙(60°),并增设活动导流墙替代OCO工艺的调速回流搅拌器,形成了OGO反应器。应用其处理城市污水的试验结果表明,在保持高效去除有机物的前提下,对氨氮、TN的平均去除率分别从OCO工艺的51%、49%提高到74%、63%,对TP的平均去除率由70%提高到78%,系统脱氮效果显著提高。OGO工艺可有效实现混合液无泵水力内回流,明显降低工艺能耗。同时OGO工艺中的污泥性能良好,具有较强的抗低温能力,活性污泥中微生物种群具有较好的稳定性。     

低碳源城市污水的强化脱氮除磷工艺研究

在活性污泥释磷规律研究的基础上进行中试,对常规A2/O工艺进行改进,提出适用于低碳源城市污水的强化脱氮除磷工艺.结果表明:富磷污泥中的NO3--N浓度较高时,在厌氧开始的一段时间内,反硝化吸磷使PO3-4-P浓度不断降低,当NO3--N由2.75 mg/L降至接近于零时才开始表现出释磷;对于低碳源城市污水,由于大量未被反硝化的NO3--N随回流污泥进入厌氧区,干扰厌氧释磷的正常进行,导致常规A2/O工艺的除磷效果较差,出水TP平均浓度为1.04 mg/L;调整厌氧、缺氧、好氧停留时间比进行强化厌氧后,出水TP平均浓度为0.48 mg/L,达到了GB 18918-2002标准的一级A标准,去除率较常规A2/O工艺提高了21%,同时出水COD、TN、NH3-N也能稳定地达到一级A标准.     

利用反硝化聚磷菌实现城市污水处理同步高效除磷、脱氮工艺技术的研究

论述了当前污水生物脱氮除磷技术与工艺的研究现状及存在问题,介绍了建设部课题利用反硝化聚磷菌实现城市污水处理同步高效除磷、脱氮工艺技术的研究的研究意义、研究目的及项目特色,对主要的研究结果和应用领域进行了阐述。     

城市污水化学辅助除磷

采用化学絮凝的方法,对硫酸亚铁在城市污水回用中的最佳条件进行了研究,结果表明,当pH值调到9．3时,分析纯的硫酸亚铁投加量为60mg／L,投加足量PAM时,可将总磷降至0．28mg／L,去除率达94％,pH为8．3,COD为20．2mg／L,浊度为0．8NTU,达到污水排放一级A标准。     

Characteristics and fate of organic nitrogen in municipal biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plants

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and fate of colloidal and dissolved organic nitrogen (CON and DON) across biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge bioreactors. Primary and secondary effluent total nitrogen (TN) measurements and component fractionation, CON and DON concentration profiles across BNR bioreactors, and laboratory batch experiments with the process mixed liquor were carried out at several full-scale BNR plants in northern Poland. The organic nitrogen (ON) components were divided into high CON, low CON, and DON based on sequential filtration through 1.2, 0.45 and 0.1 μm pore-size filters. The average influent DON_0.1μm (<0.1 μm) concentrations ranged from 1.1 g N/m³ to 3.9 g N/m³ and accounted for only 4-13% of total organic nitrogen. In the effluents, however, this contribution increased to 12-45% (the DON_0.1μm concentrations varied in a narrow range of 0.5-1.3 g N/m³). Conversions of ON inside the bioreactors were investigated in more detail in two largest plants, i.e. Gdansk (565,000 PE) and Gdynia (516,000 PE). Inside the two studied bioreactors, the largest reductions of the colloidal fraction were found to occur in the anaerobic and anoxic compartments, whereas an increase of DON_0.1μm concentrations was observed under aerobic conditions in the last compartment. Batch experiments with the process mixed liquor confirmed that DON_0.1μm was explicitly produced in the aerobic phase and significant amounts of ON were converted in the anoxic phase of the experiments.     

提高SBR工艺中脱氮除磷处理效果的措施

利用序批式反应器(SBR)试验装置对城市生活污水进行处理研究，讨论了影响SBR脱氮除磷的碳源、pH值、好氧曝气等因素，并对SBR工艺中脱氮除磷的相互影响进行了探讨，提出了可以同时脱氮除磷的一种SBR的运行方式。     

城市污水同步生物脱氮除磷工艺特点及选择

分析了多种较为成熟的城市污水同步生物脱氮除磷工艺的特点,指出了选择生物脱氮除磷工艺时应考虑的因素,为污水处理厂脱氮除磷工艺选择与设计提供参考。     

Enhanced nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical wastewater using SBA-ANAMMOX process

Efficient biological nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical wastewater has been focused recently. The present study dealt with the treatment of colistin sulfate and kitasamycin manufacturing wastewater through anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). The biotoxicity assay on luminescent bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum (T3 mutation) showed that the pharmaceutical wastewater imparted severe toxicity with a relative luminosity of 3.46% ± 0.45%. During long-term operation, the cumulative toxicity from toxic pollutants in wastewater resulted in the performance collapse of conventional ANAMMOX process. A novel ANAMMOX process with sequential biocatalyst (ANAMMOX granules) addition (SBA-ANAMMOX process) was developed by combining high-rate ANAMMOX reactor with sequential biocatalyst addition (SBA). At biocatalyst addition rate of 0.025 g VSS (L wastewater)⁻¹ day⁻¹, the nitrogen removal rate of the process reached up to 9.4 kg N m⁻³ day⁻¹ in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. The effluent ammonium concentration was lower than 50 mg N L⁻¹, which met the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pharmaceutical Industry in China (GB 21903-2008). The application of SBA-ANAMMOX process in refractory ammonium-rich wastewater is promising.     

生物除磷机理与新工艺

综述了生物除磷的PAO和DPB原理,介绍了PASF、Dephanox和A3N-SBR三种新的脱氮除磷工艺,从而达到提高脱氮除磷效果,消除水环境污染的目的。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater effluent using microalgal biofilms

Microalgal biofilms have so far received little attention as post-treatment for municipal wastewater treatment plants, with the result that the removal capacity of microalgal biofilms in post-treatment systems is unknown. This study investigates the capacity of microalgal biofilms as a post-treatment step for the effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Microalgal biofilms were grown in flow cells with different nutrient loads under continuous lighting of 230 μmol/m²/s (PAR photons, 400-700 nm). It was found that the maximum uptake capacity of the microalgal biofilm was reached at loading rates of 1.0 g/m²/day nitrogen and 0.13 g/m²/day phosphorus. These maximum uptake capacities were the highest loads at which the target effluent values of 2.2 mg/L nitrogen and 0.15 mg/L phosphorus were still achieved. Microalgal biomass analysis revealed an increasing nitrogen and phosphorus content with increasing loading rates until the maximum uptake capacities. The internal nitrogen to phosphorus ratio decreased from 23:1 to 11:1 when increasing the loading rate. This combination of findings demonstrates that microalgal biofilms can be used for removing both nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater effluent.     

高氨氮城市污水脱氮的运行及讨论

针对厦门大学污水厂水质特点,分析了污水高含氮量的原因,介绍了该污水厂在污水处理上采取的措施,提出了对现有工艺进行改造的建议,以提高污水脱氮效率,确保污水达标排放。     

有机碳源及溶解氧对污水脱氮除磷的影响

介绍了有机碳源、溶解氧对常用污水生物脱氮处理工艺（A2O,Carrousel氧化沟,SBR）的影响,指出反硝化除磷、间歇曝气、低氧脱氮除磷技术在处理低碳、高氮磷城市污水方面具有良好的发展前景。     

A/O-MBR系统的短程生物脱氮污水处理工艺研究

利用生物强化技术,通过接种短程硝化菌和亚硝酸反硝化菌于反应器中,构建了A/O-MBR短程生物脱氮污水处理工艺系统,并考察启动期和不同HRT下的运行效果。结果表明:A/O-MBR短程生物脱氮污水处理工艺启动时间短;在不同水力停留时间(HRT)时,MBR中的亚硝氮积累比率均能维持在0.95以上;AN具有很好的反硝化性能,出水NO2-和NO3-浓度均低于3mg/L。分析认为MBR中氨氧化菌维持优势地位是该工艺可实现良好的短程生物脱氮的原因。