污水处理生物脱氮除磷工艺新技术及发展趋势

系统地阐述了废水生物脱氮除磷的机理,介绍了城市污水生物脱氮除磷新工艺,探讨了城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的发展趋势,以促进生物脱氮除磷工艺在污水处理行业的推广应用。     

生物脱氮除磷工艺技术和发展趋势研究

系统地概述了废水生物脱氮除磷的机理,分析了城市污水生物脱氮除磷的成熟工艺技术,阐明A2/O系列、SBR系列和氧化沟系列的工艺流程和脱氮除磷的作用,探讨了城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术在碳源需求、短程生物脱氮和反硝化聚磷菌等方面的发展趋势.     

生物脱氮除磷工艺技术和发展趋势研究

系统地概述了废水生物脱氮除磷的机理,分析了城市污水生物脱氮除磷的成熟工艺技术,阐明A2／O系列、SBR系列和氧化沟系列的工艺流程和脱氮除磷的作用,探讨了城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术在碳源需求、短程生物脱氮和反硝化聚磷菌等方面的发展趋势。     

微电解强化CASS工艺的脱氮除磷性能研究

针对南方城市污水低碳高氮、磷的水质特点,研究了将催化铁内电解技术融入CASS工艺中,与生物脱氮除磷技术耦合的试验情况,得出相关结论,从而推动脱氮除磷技术的发展。     

城市污水生物除磷脱氮机理研究探讨

目前，城市污水处理厂的处理对象包括BOD5、SS和氮、磷等营养物质。就脱氮与除磷而言，由于各自过程的要求不同，二者之间存在一定的矛盾关系。讨论了城市污水生物除磷脱氮的基本原理，综述了城市污水脱氮除磷机理方面的研究现状和进展。分析了脱氮与除磷二者之间的矛盾关系，在此基础之上对磷氮磷合并去除工艺进行了比较，并对以后开展这方面的研究提出了展望。     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷应用技术

对近年来国内外城市污水生物脱氮除磷工艺机理的研究成果进行了综述 ,介绍了几种常见的生物脱氮除磷工艺 ,并从生物脱氮除磷系统内微生物群体动态平衡的角度详细论述了生物脱氮除磷工艺的影响因素 .     

城市污水同步生物脱氮除磷工艺特点及选择

分析了多种较为成熟的城市污水同步生物脱氮除磷工艺的特点,指出了选择生物脱氮除磷工艺时应考虑的因素,为污水处理厂脱氮除磷工艺选择与设计提供参考。     

城镇污水生物脱氮除磷新工艺(BICT)的技术及装备

一、立项背景 控制城市污水和工业废水中的氮磷排放量是治理富营养化污染的重要途径之一.而现行的废水脱氮除磷技术无论从处理效率,还是从工艺的稳定可靠性和技术经济等方面都不能满足氮磷污染控制的要求,因而研究开发高效、经济的脱氮除磷新工艺有重要的意义. 在废水生物脱氮除磷中广为应用的单污泥(single sludge)悬浮生长系统,利用同一混合微生物种群完成有机物氧化、硝化、反硝化和生物除磷.多种处理功能的高度关联性增大了运行控制的难度,在实际应用中限制了其处理效能.研究开发利用多种群污泥实现综合处理目标的高效生物处理工艺可能成为解决城市污水和类似的工业废水生物脱氮除磷问题的技术关键和突破点.     

有机碳源及溶解氧对污水脱氮除磷的影响

介绍了有机碳源、溶解氧对常用污水生物脱氮处理工艺（A2O,Carrousel氧化沟,SBR）的影响,指出反硝化除磷、间歇曝气、低氧脱氮除磷技术在处理低碳、高氮磷城市污水方面具有良好的发展前景。     

污水处理厂生物脱氮除磷工艺探讨

生物脱氮除磷工艺可有效去除氮磷,解决水体富营养化问题。目前城市污水处理厂主要采用的脱氮除磷工艺有:氧化沟、A~2O、SBR等,这些工艺均基于传统的脱氮除磷机理而开发出来,可部分去除污水中氮和磷。     

通过控制泥龄实现亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化

采用序批式活性污泥法处理人工配制的城市生活污水，通过控制泥龄成功地实现了亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化，曝气过程中NO2^-N／NOx^-N值始终保持在84．48％以上，曝气结束时大约有80．39％的氨氮通过同步硝化反硝化途径被去除。在适宜的曝气量下，利用排泥的方法控制反应器内适宜的泥龄，可以实现稳定的亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化。     

膜生物反应器去除城市污水中有机物和氮的研究

研究了浸没式膜生物反应器（SMBR）对城市污水中不同分子质量有机物的去除特性,探讨了不同工艺参数对氮去除效果的影响。在连续进水、间歇曝气、间歇出水的运行条件下,SMBR对城市污水中有机物和氨氮的去除效果较好。当HRT为4 h、曝气/停曝时间为90 min/30min时,SMBR对小分子质量有机物（〈4 ku）的去除率为44%,对中等分子质量有机物（4～30 ku）的去除率〉90%,高分子质量有机物（〉30 ku）因可被微滤膜高效截留而在反应器中发生一定程度的积累。影响脱氮效果的因素包括DO、HRT、曝气/停曝时间等。当DO为3.2 mg/L时,总氮可通过同步硝化反硝化作用被去除。当曝气/停曝时间周期为120 min、HRT为4 h时,脱氮较适宜的曝气/停曝时间为90 min/30 min。     

Laccase-catalyzed conversion of natural and synthetic hormones from a municipal wastewater

The Trametes versicolor-derived laccase-catalyzed oxidation of natural estrogens (estrone--E1; 17beta-estradiol--E2; and estriol--E3) and a synthetic estrogen (17alpha-ethinylestradiol--EE2) was studied in synthetic water and municipal wastewater to optimize the process for steroid estrogen removal in wastewater. The optimal pH for each studied steroid estrogen oxidation was approximately 6 in synthetic water. This research also focused on the wastewater matrix effect on developed enzymatic treatment. At pH 7.0 and 25+/-1 degrees C, the experiments showed that the laccase-catalyzed system for the removal of steroid estrogens was not significantly affected by the municipal wastewater matrix. Laccase activity of 20 U/ml was sufficient to achieve complete removal of studied steroid estrogens in both synthetic water and municipal wastewater. Moreover, 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole, when used as a mediator, improved laccase-catalyzed system efficiency, thus decreasing the overall cost of the enzymatic system.     

Estimation of nitrogen removal rate in aqueous phase based on delta15N in microorganisms in solid phase

Microbial nitrification and denitrification are important processes for removing nitrogenous compounds in aqueous systems. Nitrogen removal rate estimation is essential for controlling nitrogen removal processes and modeling the nitrogen cycle in ecosystems. The model described the relationship between ammonium removal rate (aqueous phase) and the nitrogen stable isotope ratio (delta15N) of microorganisms (solid phase) when a coupled nitrification-denitrification process occurs and assimilation and advections are maintained in a steady state. An oxidation ditch in a municipal wastewater treatment plant was evaluated for 3 years using the model. The ammonium removal rate was calculated from the data of delta15N of the activated sludge, it correlated significantly with the observed removal rate. The isotope fractionation factor (epsilon) was determined to be -5.5 per thousand by using a nonlinear method. The model and obtained factor value were applicable for standard activated-sludge processes performed in parallel in the oxidation ditch and a river watershed. The model may help illustrate nitrogen behavior in ecosystems.     

水温对太湖流域城镇污水厂除污效果影响的调研

对太湖流域三个城市的6座城镇污水处理厂的污水水温变化及运行效果进行了分析,探索了温度对污水厂生物处理效果的影响规律。结果表明:江苏省太湖流域污水处理厂污水水温变化范围是9.6～31℃,年平均值为(20.3±6.0)℃;污水水温12℃的年概率约为9%;气温变化速率约为水温变化速率的1.7倍。污水水温对COD和TP的去除效果影响不明显;但污水水温降至15℃左右时,低温对活性污泥硝化反硝化性能的抑制作用开始逐渐增强,因此太湖流域大多数城镇污水处理厂采取了应对低温的各项强化措施。     

高浓度氨氮生活污水对UCT工艺系统的影响及对策

研究了高浓度氨氮城市生活污水对UCT工艺的影响及相应对策。结果表明,采用UCT工艺处理高浓度氨氮城市生活污水,经过较长时间的污泥驯化和运行调节,系统能达到最佳运行状态,CODcrBOD5NH3-N、TN和TP去除率分别达到88．8％,97．2％,96．2％,85．7％和51．1％,TP需要进一步进行物化处理;UCT工艺的脱氮除磷效率较高,对高浓度氨氮城市生活污水基本可以达到理想的处理效果;高浓度氨氮城市生活污水对活性污泥有明显的冲击,污泥驯化培养需要较长的时间;为提高系统的处理效率可增加好氧区的曝气量,但会对活性污泥产生明显的影响,使出水CODcr和SS含量偏高;高浓度氨氮城市生活污水对UCT工艺脱氮除磷效果有明显的影响,好氧区停留时间、曝气量、硝化液回流比和碳源成为影响因素,可在这些方面加以调节。     

Microalgae growth-promoting bacteria as "helpers" for microalgae: a novel approach for removing ammonium and phosphorus from municipal wastewater

A combination of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris or C. sorokiniana) and a microalgae growth-promoting bacterium (MGPB, Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd), co-immobilized in small alginate beads, was developed to remove nutrients (P and N) from municipal wastewater. This paper describes the most recent technical details necessary for successful co-immobilization of the two microorganisms, and the usefulness of the approach in cleaning the municipal wastewater of the city of La Paz, Mexico. A. brasilense Cd significantly enhanced the growth of both Chlorella species when the co-immobilized microorganisms were grown in wastewater. A. brasilense is incapable of significant removal of nutrients from the wastewater, whereas both microalgae can. Co-immobilization of the two microorganisms was superior to removal by the microalgae alone, reaching removal of up to 100% ammonium, 15% nitrate, and 36% phosphorus within 6 days (varied with the source of the wastewater), compared to 75% ammonium, 6% nitrate, and 19% phosphorus by the microalgae alone. This study shows the potential of co-immobilization of microorganisms in small beads to serve as a treatment for wastewater in tropical areas.     

化学生物絮凝工艺去除城市污水中重金属的研究

采用化学生物絮凝工艺处理上海市的低浓度城市污水，考察了对污水中重金属的去除效果，探讨了化学生物絮凝工艺反应的实质。平行对比试验结果显示：化学生物絮凝工艺中存在着化学和生物的协同作用，是一种深度集成的污水强化一级处理工艺。在相同的加药量下，该工艺在减少絮凝产物中铝含量的同时，可去除部分有害重金属元素且效果优于化学强化一级处理工艺。对铝的去除率比单一的化学絮凝工艺提高了106％；在重金属元素去除方面，对铬和锰的去除率提高了10％～15％，对镍元素的吸附量也有一定的提高。但是该工艺在处理高浓度污水时，处理效果会受到重金属浓度的制约。     

Elimination of enteric bacteria in biological-chemical wastewater treatment and tertiary filtration units

The occurrence and removal of salmonellae and faecal indicators in four conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP) were investigated. In addition, we tested the efficiency of a semi-technical scale biological nutrient removal process and three pilot-scale tertiary filtration units in microbial removal. All influent samples collected from MWTPs contained salmonellae from 93 to 11,000 MPN/100 ml and indicator bacteria from about 10(7) to 10(8) CFU/100 ml. The reductions in salmonella numbers achieved in full-scale biological-chemical wastewater treatment and semi-technical scale biological nutrient removal processes were usually between 94% and virtually 100% (99.9%) and indicator bacteria reductions between 2 and 3 log units. Microbial numbers in MWTP effluents could be modelled as a function of effluent residual organic matter, suspended solids and total phosphorus concentrations. Pilot-scale tertiary treatment by rapid sand contact filter, chemical contact filter and biological-chemical contact filter reduced salmonella numbers below the detection limit and faecal coliform numbers on average by 99%, 39% and 71%, respectively. A total of 32 Salmonella serovars were identified among 197 Salmonella isolates from municipal wastewaters. Of the isolates, 32% were resistant to nalidixic acid, indicating reduced sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, the drug of choice in the treatment of salmonellosis. In addition, 18% of the isolates were multiresistant. Our results, especially antibiotic resistant Salmonella strains, indicate that conventional municipal wastewater treatment without efficient tertiary treatment, like filtration or disinfection, may constitute a risk for public health.