硼酸镧纳米添加剂对摩擦副抗咬死性能影响的研究

通过对含硼酸镧纳米粒子添加剂润滑油的抗咬死性能试验研究发现 ,硼酸镧纳米添加剂能改善滑动摩擦副的抗咬死性能及润滑油的润滑性能 ,通过分析咬死失效后的表面形貌 ,结合咬死失效前后滑动摩擦副表面XPS图谱 ,分析了硼酸镧纳米添加剂提高滑动摩擦副抗咬死性能的原因     

纳米硼酸镧添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

通过对含纳米硼酸镧粒子添加剂润滑油的摩擦学性能试验研究 ,发现纳米硼酸镧添加剂能改善滑动摩擦副的摩擦学性能、抗胶合能力及润滑油的润滑性能 ,分析滑动摩擦副胶合失效后的表面形貌 ,结合失效后滑动摩擦副表面 XPS图谱 ,发现这是由于这种添加剂能在摩擦副表面形成吸附膜及聚合物膜 ,且摩擦副表面有渗硼层出现所致     

含硫,磷极压抗磨添加剂与CeF3配伍后对摩擦表面反应膜的影响

作者利用Ｘ光光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）仪和自动划痕试验机研究了锂基脂中ＣｅＦ３与含硫、磷 中剂配伍后对摩擦表面反应膜的影响。划痕试验结果表明，在所试验的六种添加剂中只有二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ＺＤＤＰ）、磷酸三甲酚酯（ＴＣＰ）和二正丁基亚磷酸酯（ＤＢＰ）与ＣｅＦ３配伍可有效地改善摩擦表面反应膜的附着性。ＸＰＳ研究结果表明，ＺＤＤＰ可改善ＣｅＦ３的成膜能力，抑制ＣｅＦ３的摩擦水解反应。ＣｅＦ３与其它添加剂复合     

新型含氮、硫杂环有机硼酸酯在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能研究

从分子设计的观点出发,合成了一种新型含氮、硫杂环有机硼酸酯润滑油添加剂2-硫酮苯并噻唑啉-3-甲基二异辛基硼酸酯（ITTB）。采用四球摩擦磨损试验机评价了其摩擦学性能。结果表明：在菜籽油（RO）中加入添加剂以后,其承载能力明显提高,磨斑直径和摩擦因数均显著降低。从磨斑表面SEM,XPS分析结果可以推断,添加剂在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学降解反应,硫元素在钢球的表面形成了一层含Fe2（SO4）3和FeS2的反应膜,氮、硼元素则以吸附膜的形式存在于摩擦表面,2种膜的共同作用提高了菜籽油的减摩抗磨性能及承载能力。     

润滑添加剂三乙醇胺硼酸酯的摩擦学特性研究

三乙醇胺硼酸酯是一种新的绿色水基全合成切削液防锈添加剂,但其在切削加工过程中的摩擦学特性尚未有报道。以钛合金与硬质合金为摩擦副,通过摩擦磨损试验比较三乙醇胺硼酸酯并与传统润滑添加剂丙三醇和聚乙二醇的摩擦学性能,同时考察不同含量的三乙醇胺硼酸酯水溶液的摩擦学性能。结果表明:三乙醇胺硼酸酯具有与丙三醇和聚乙二醇相似的减摩抗磨性能,在相对较高的载荷下,三乙醇胺硼酸酯的润滑性能更优;三乙醇胺硼酸酯水溶液的减摩抗磨性能随着其含量的增加逐渐增强,当三乙醇胺硼酸酯的体积分数达到40%以上时,溶液的润滑性能更为显著。研究表明,三乙醇胺硼酸酯有可能成为一种新型切削液润滑添加剂。     

含氮杂环硼酸酯的合成及其摩擦学性能

通过分子设计,合成了含氮杂环硼酸酯,利用红外光谱确定了目标产物的分子结构.通过四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了含氮杂环硼酸酯作为润滑油添加剂在液体石蜡中的摩擦学性能,并采用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察分析了钢球磨斑表面形貌.结果表明:含氮杂环硼酸酯在液体石蜡中的添加量为1.0 % 时,最大无卡咬负荷为744.8 N,较纯液体石蜡增加了90.0 %,摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别为0.035和0.39 mm,分别降低了60.2 %和40.0 % .含氮杂环硼酸酯作为液体石蜡的减摩抗磨添加剂改善了摩擦副表面的擦伤程度,减轻了钢球表面磨损.     

含硫润滑油添加剂的制备及性能研究

在催化剂作用下,合成一种含有二丁基二硫代氨基结构的有机硫化酯润滑油添加剂（CNSB）。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察CNSB在100 N基础油中的摩擦学性能,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分别分析磨损表面形貌和磨斑表面元素组成。结果表明：合成的CNSB作为润滑油添加剂具有较好的极压减摩性能,并明显优于同等条件下的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP）。SEM和EDS表明,在摩擦过程中CNSB会发生分解并在摩擦副表面发生化学反应,生成一层由有机硫化物、硼的氧化物等组成的致密保护膜,从而有效减轻钢球摩擦副表面的擦伤和磨损,且CNSB中的B元素也与S元素发生了协同作用,在一定程度上起到了抗磨减摩作用。     

滑动摩擦副抗咬死性能的试验研究

咬死是高速,重载滑动摩擦副常见的失效形式之一。在ＭＨＫ－５００型块磨损试验机上对４５＾＃淬火,４５＾＃调质,ＧＣｒ１５,ＺＱＡＬ９－４材质组成的滑动摩擦副进行了抗咬死性能试验研究。试验结果表明;构成摩擦副材料的粗糙度,相对滑动速度,不同材质摩擦副对摩擦副抗咬死能力有一定的影响,改变摩擦副材质性能提高摩擦副抗咬死能力;     

含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯添加剂在PAO10中的摩擦特性协同效应

合成一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂二羟乙基十八胺硼酸酯,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察其分别和磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三甲酚酯复配后在基础油PAO10中的摩擦学性能;采用扫描电子显微镜对磨损表面形貌进行分析。结果表明:合成的含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯复配后表现出比其单剂更优异的抗磨减摩性能,两者在摩擦学性能上具有很好的协同效应;极压性能随着磷元素含量的减少而变差;含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯复配后可使摩擦副表面磨痕变浅,磨斑减小。     

磷型极压抗磨剂对双酯摩擦学性能的影响

采用四球摩擦试验机研究磷酸三甲酚酯（T306）和硫代磷酸铵盐（T307）2种磷型极压抗磨添加剂在双酯中的摩擦学性能;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析钢球磨损表面的微观形貌,采用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）分析摩擦表面典型元素的化学状态,进而对摩擦机制进行探讨。结果表明,在所考察的添加剂添加量和载荷范围内,2种添加剂均可不同程度地改善双酯的摩擦学性能,其中,T307在双酯中展现出更为优异的减摩抗磨以及极压性能,其综合性能优于T306。SEM和XPS分析表明,添加剂分子在摩擦副表面发生了复杂的摩擦化学反应,在摩擦表面上形成了复杂的含有S、P、N等元素的边界润滑膜,从而起到一定的降低摩擦磨损的作用。     

Scuffing resistance of phosphate esters II: Effect of applied voltage

The scuffing resistance of tricresyl phosphate under severe conditions of lubrication was investigated using a reconstructed Timken machine. Although the iron phosphate formed on rubbing surfaces is effective in preventing scuffing under mild lubricating conditions, transformation to iron phosphide is essential to prevent scuffing under severe lubricating conditions. The friction polymer produced during tests is beneficial in increasing scuffing resistance.The formation of surface films is influenced by the electric current flowing between the rubbing surfaces as a result of the formation of a galvanic cell or an externally applied voltage. To prevent scuffing it is beneficial to promote film formation on a surface operating under more severe lubricating conditions than those of the mating surface. However, excessive promotion of surface film formation by the applied voltage decreases scuffing resistance by preventing film formation on the mating surface.     

A method for testing lubricants under conditions of scuffing. Part II. The anti-seizure action of lubricating oils

This paper describes an investigation of lubricating oils under extreme-pressure (EP) conditions in a specially modified four-ball tester. A new test method developed at the Tribology Department of ITeE described in Part I of this paper was used. In this, during a test run, the applied load is increased continuously and the friction torque is measured. A sudden increase in the friction torque indicates the collapse of the lubricating film — where scuffing is initiated. The load at this moment is called the scuffing load. If the load is increased further, it is possible to observe scuffing propagation until seizure occurs, i.e., a defined, maximum friction torque is reached. Thus, scuffing is considered as a process leading to seizure. Using the method, tribological experiments were performed employing various lubricating oils consisting of viscosity-index improvers and antiwear (AW) and extreme-pressure (EP) additives added to a base oil. Mineral and synthetic base oils of different kinematic viscosities were used. The aim was to investigate the influence of such lubricants on scuffing initiation and propagation with the present methodology. In Part I it was shown that scuffing initiation depends strongly on the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant; the higher the viscosity, the greater the scuffing load. The presence of AW and EP additives in the lubricant increases the scuffing load significantly. It was also shown that the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant oils has no effect on scuffing propagation. However, scuffing propagation is significantly mitigated by AW and, to a greater extent, by EP additives. The results of surface analyses show the decisive nature of the chemical reactions of AW and EP additives with the steel ball surface under scuffing conditions, as well as the possible diffusion of sulphur and phosphorus. Chemical reactions and diffusion lead to the creation of an inorganic surface layer (probably iron sulphide), the good anti-seizure properties of which limit scuffing propagation.     

45^#钢滑动摩擦副咬死温度变化特征的试验研究

温度变化是摩擦副胶合前期重要特征之一。在ＭＨＫ－５００型块式磨损试验上，采用热电偶测温技术，对４５＾＃淬火钢和钢试环、试声滑动摩擦副咬死过程的温度变化特征进行了试验研究。试验结果表明：胶合瞬间，摩擦副表面温度发生了突变，胶合发生后，摩擦副是否发生咬死受材料高温下机械特性以及润滑方式等因素的影响。磨擦副表面微凸峰之间以及润滑油中磨屑与摩擦副表面间的微切削作用是导致磨擦副表面温度突变的原因之一。     

Tribological Properties of AW/EP Additives Under Different Thermal Conditions

The authors have investigated the action of compositions containing AW/EP additives under scuffing conditions and the influence of temperature on the wear of friction elements lubricated with selected compositions. It has been stated that postponing of scuffing initiation is not always sufficient to obtain very good strength of the surface layer and decreased wear. Furthermore, the results show the influence of temperature and load on the additive action. Extreme friction conditions result in greater wear intensity and change in the lubricating action of additives.     

供油温度对 45~# 淬火钢滑动摩擦副咬死影响的试验研究

在ＭＨＫ－５００型环块式磨损试验机上，在Ｌ－ＡＮ４６全损耗系统用油的不同供油温度下，对由４５＃淬火钢试环、试块组成的滑动摩擦副进行了抗咬死性能试验研究。试验结果表明：供油温度对摩擦副的抗咬死性能有较大的影响。在一定的范围内，提高润滑油的供油温度，有利于提高摩擦副的抗咬死能力。试验还发现：摩擦副失效后表面温度表现出不确定性。润滑油中的磨粒状况对摩擦副咬死影响不可忽视。对摩擦副咬死的研究应考虑润滑油中磨粒随时间改变的因素，基于时变的观点来研究摩擦副咬死机理更具有实际意义。     

The temperatures at scuffing and seizure in a four‐ball contact

The temperature of surface asperities affects lubricant‐surface tribochemical interactions. It is important to know the nature of this to identify ways of preventing scuffing and seizure under extreme‐pressure (EP) conditions. A new model for the determination of the temperature of contacting asperities is presented in this paper. It assumes the superposition of thermal processes occurring on the macroscale and thermal phenomena in the contact of asperity tips (microscale). Numerical results have been obtained for conditions of four‐ball testing of various lubricating oils — a mineral base oil with and without antiwear and EP additives. To calculate the scuffing and seizure temperatures, knowledge of the mechanical and physical properties of the test ball material (bearing steel) and lubricants, as well as the parameters describing the surface topography of the balls, was necessary. Friction coefficient curves were also needed; they were determined during four‐ball tests with a continuously increasing load. For the base oil with lubricating additives, the temperature of contacting surface asperities at the moment of scuffing initiation was calculated to be about 230°C and increased to over 1000°C at the highest loading of the four‐ball tribosystem. This suggests the possibility of tribochemical reactions of the lubricating additives with the steel surface, and diffusion of some elements, a modified surface layer having good antiseizure properties being produced. Such a layer prevents seizure of the tribosystem. For the base oil without lubricating additives, scuffing initiated at about 150°C and the temperature exceeded 1200°C at seizure. The temperature values obtained agree with results in the literature.     

胆甾醇润滑添加剂的摩擦噪声与胶合分析

在N15机械油中添加胆甾醇,用标准的立式万能摩擦磨损试验台实验分析了N15机械油、N15油机械 胆甾醇的摩擦磨损性能。针对磨合阶段、稳定磨损阶段、胶合失效与摩擦噪声进行分析。结果表明,在磨合阶段摩擦因数有较大变化,随后的稳定磨损阶段中摩擦因数变化减小;在摩擦副出现胶合失效前,摩擦副的摩擦因数急剧上升;N15机械油 1.7%胆甾醇的抗胶合性能较好,但N15机械油 0.106%胆甾醇的摩擦噪声特性较好;胆甾醇添加剂可以显著改善N15号机械油的抗胶合能力。     

The lubricant-coating interaction in rolling and sliding contacts

The research presented in this paper was aimed at elaboration of a new technology for heavy-loaded machine elements, lubricated with ecological oils.The tribological experiments were performed using four-ball tester (scuffing resistance), cone-three balls pitting tester (fatigue life), as well as gear test rig (resistance of lubricated gears to scuffing). The tribosystems were lubricated with various base oil and vegetable-based eco-oil.The tested components were coated with standard single coatings (TiN, CrN) and low-friction coatings (a-C:H:W, MoS₂/Ti). The results obtained confirm that low-friction a-C:H:W coating has a great potential for application in heavy-loaded machine components. Under extreme-pressure conditions this coating can take over the functions of anti-wear/extreme-pressure (AW/EP) additives and through this it is possible to minimise the application of toxic lubricating additives and achieve “ecological lubrication”.     

二硫化钨发动机油的摩擦学性能研究

采用矿物油和合成油调配成半合成发动机油基础油,同时,通过表面化学修饰和吸附修饰表面改性超细二硫化钨颗粒,使其作为固体润滑添加剂稳定悬浮于基础油中,并加入一定量的功能添加剂,研制了一种二硫化钨发动机油。与国内外品牌发动机油进行摩擦学性能对比实验,发现该种发动机油的油膜强度分别是壳牌超凡喜力发动机油和国产长城发动机油的1.06倍和1.38倍,烧结载荷分别是它们的1.75倍和2.33倍,并且在392N、1450r/min、30min下长时间作用时,摩擦副的摩擦因数随时间的增长而减少,磨斑直径小,磨斑表面光滑,没有明显的犁沟出现。实验表明二硫化钨发动机油具有比国内外品牌发动机油更加优良的抗磨、减摩和极压性能。