胶囊机器人磁驱动力建模与测量

可吞式无线磁驱胶囊机器人在胃肠道内的诊疗效果与机器人受到的外部磁驱动力密切相关。本文建立了外部磁驱动力的理论模型,基于等效磁荷模型推导了两径向充磁环形永磁体相互作用的数学表达式,采用自适应递归式计算方法开展了数值计算。此外,发展了环形永磁体间磁力实时测量方法,并开发了磁力-间距同步测量仪器开展实验研究,且建立了3D环形永磁体有限元仿真模型。实验测量磁力-间距关系曲线与理论计算和有限元仿真结果吻合较好,误差小于4%,验证了理论模型和有限元仿真模型的准确性和可靠性。通过参数分析,揭示了胶囊机器人内置永磁体长度、厚度和体积对磁力的影响规律。研究结果为精准驱动胶囊机器人在胃肠道内运动奠定了理论基础。     

偏置磁场对磁致伸缩液位传感器检测电压的影响

为了提高磁致伸缩液位传感器的检测精度,研究了磁致伸缩液位传感器中产生偏置磁场的浮子磁铁的放置方式及其对检测电压的影响。利用ANSYS软件对浮子磁铁不同放置方式下形成的偏置磁场进行了有限元分析,分析显示:采用3块磁铁互成120°N极N极S极(NNS)放置或者采用圆环磁铁作为偏置磁场时检测效果比较理想。实验研究了磁致伸缩液位传感器的偏置磁场对检测电压的影响,并在浮子磁铁不同放置方式下进行多次实验。结果表明:偏置磁铁为3块磁铁互成120°NNS放置时或者为圆环磁铁时,检测电压的幅值达到50mV,比其它放置方式提高了近30mV。研究表明:磁致伸缩液位传感器应选择3块磁铁NNS放置或者选择圆环磁铁作为偏置磁场。     

飞轮储能磁轴承系统结构及其悬浮特性

介绍了一种由径向永磁轴承与电磁推力轴承组成的单轴主动控制的飞轮储能磁轴承系统结构 ,径向永磁轴承提供径向恢复力与轴向悬浮力 ,电磁推力轴承提供轴向恢复力。并对系统的结构参数计算及其磁悬浮特性进行了分析与讨论。研究结果表明 ,永磁轴承动、静磁环轴向位移对系统承载力与刚度有明显影响 ,采用多对磁环永磁轴承 ,有利于提高系统承载力与径向刚度     

Magnetoelastic Stability of Magnetic Axial Bearings

Permanent magnet bearings offer no wear and no mechanical friction. Recently, Rare Earth (RE) permanent magnets have been used, which give rise to force fields 20 times greater than those of common magnets. RE also allows to build magnets suitable for bearings of every shape. RE bearings are then profitable. On the other hand, permanent magnet bearings are unstable. For example, the levitated ring of the axial bearing with opposite magnetic fields of Fig. 1 is stable axially, but unstable radially. It has been, however, verified that a permanent magnet system may become stable under peculiar conditions. As an example, if the above-mentioned levitated ring is subjected to a parametric axial excitation, its radial instability can be removed. In our opinion, it may also be possible that stability is obtained by exploiting microstructural properties of ferromagnetic materials, especially of RE, like dimensional and magnetic changes if subjected to mechanical stresses. Then, in this paper, the stability of the levitated member of an RE axial ring bearing is investigated by a suitable exploitation of magnetoelastic properties of the ring.

新型磁性液体微压差传感器的设计及耐压分析

传感器是磁性液体的重要应用领域之一。为弥补现有磁性液体微压差传感器的不足,设计了一种新型的磁性液体微压差传感器,该传感器的复合磁芯由磁导率高的1Cr13和永久磁铁构成,磁性液体被吸附在永久磁铁的端部形成环状起到润滑和密封的作用,敏感元件采用1Cr13,转换元件采用对称线圈。当磁芯进入线圈后,使得线圈电感发生变化,电桥电路输出明显的电压信号。在此基础上,提出了回复力的线性程度和磁性液体环的耐压能力决定了磁性液体微压差传感器的量程范围,并通过理论推导、仿真分析和实验研究的手段证明了磁性液体环的密封耐压能力能够满足磁性液体微压差传感器的测量要求。该传感器体积小、成本低、便于安装,具有很强的实用价值。     

A small-size system on permanent magnets with a field of 1.1 T

A small-size cylindrical magnetic system on Nd-Fe-B-alloy permanent magnets is described. The system has a 55-mm outer diameter, 33-mm height, and 570-g mass. It creates a 1.1-T magnetic induction in a 10-mm-long working gap. The system is made on request of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Spectroscopy for measuring Faraday rotation. Original Russian Text ? K.L. Sergeev, 2009, published in Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, 2009, No. 2, pp. 151–152.     

Manufacturing of a superconducting magnet system for 28 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source at KBSI

A magnet system for a 28 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source is being developed by the Korea Basic Science Institute. The configuration of the magnet system consists of 3 solenoid coils for a mirror magnetic field and 6 racetrack coils for a hexapole magnetic field. They can generate axial magnetic fields of 3.6 T at the beam injection part and 2.2 T at the extraction part. A radial magnetic field of 2.1 T is achievable at the plasma chamber wall. A step type winding process was employed in fabricating the hexapole coil. The winding technique was confirmed through repeated cooling tests. Superconducting magnets and a cryostat system are currently being manufactured.     

磁传动水表中动态磁路设计

基于铁磁学理论,建立了圆环磁性耦合的模型,推导出圆环磁性耦舍器剩磁的计算公式,二磁体尺寸的确定;对于磁传动水表的设计具有参考价值。     

Selecting the Rotor’s Magnetic System in Electromechanical Energy Converters with Highly Coercive Permanent Magnets

The selection of the optimal magnetic system for a quadrupole electromechanical energy converter with highly coercive permanent magnets is considered, in the case of nonsteady operation in generator mode. The type of magnetic system corresponding to different optimality criteria is identified. The eddy-current losses in the highly coercive permanent magnets are analyzed.     

调制式永磁齿轮气隙磁场及转矩分析计算

针对有限元法(Finite element method,FEM)计算调制式永磁齿轮的气隙磁场及转矩时,计算机资源占用率过高且结构参数优化周期较长等缺点,采用"场"、"路"结合的分析方法,建立适于计算机建模的气隙磁场及转矩的数学解析模型。根据恒定磁场中的标量磁位理论,通过求解不同边界条件下的微分方程,获得调制式永磁齿轮中高速永磁圈在无调磁环状况下的气隙磁场数理模型;将引入调磁环后所产生的调制效应表示为等效磁路中的气隙磁导,进而获得调制函数,并以此建立高速永磁圈在有调磁环状况下的气隙磁场数理模型;再将低速永磁圈中的永磁体等效为电流模型,并根据电流在磁场中所受的洛仑兹力进行转矩建模。经算例计算表明,所建模型与FEM计算精度相当,但速度更快,且适于计算机程序化,易于实现调制式永磁齿轮的结构参数分析与优化。     

Mechanical properties of ferrofluid applications: Centering effect and capacity of a seal

This paper presents three-dimensional study of a ferrofluid seal, its centering effect and its static capacity. Thus, a method based on a potential energy criterion has been put forward to study the seal shape. But such a use of ferrofluid seals is interesting only if the magnetic field created by the permanent magnets saturates totally the ferrofluid. Two cylindrical structures consisting of two and three outer ring permanent magnets with an inner non-magnetic cylinder are considered. The calculation of the magnetic pressure of the ferrofluid seal is analytically established.     

Flywheel energy storage—II: Magnetically suspended superflywheel

This article, the second of a two part paper, describes the general design requirements for a flywheel energy storage system. A new superflywheel energy storage system, using a spokeless, magnetically suspended, composite material pierced disk rotor is proposed. The new system is configured around a permanent magnet (“flux biased”) magnetic suspension system with active control in the radial direction and passive control in the axial direction. The storage ring is used as a moving rotor and electronic commutation of stationary armature coils is proposed. There is no mechanical contact with the rotating ring and long life and low run down losses are projected. A discussion of major components for a 10 kwh system is presented.     

A 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance proton ion source and a dual-lens low energy beam transport

The structure and preliminary commissioning results of a new 2.45 GHz ECR proton ion source and a dual-lens low energy beam transport (LEBT) system are presented in this paper. The main magnetic field of the ion source is provided by a set of permanent magnets with two small electro-solenoid magnets at the injection and the extraction to fine tune the magnetic field for better microwave coupling. A 50 keV pulsed proton beam extracted by a three-electrode mechanism passes through the LEBT system of length of 1183 mm. This LEBT consists of a diagnosis chamber, two Glaser lenses, two steering magnets, and a final beam defining cone. A set of inner permanent magnetic rings is embedded in each of the two Glaser lenses to produce a flatter axial-field to reduce the lens aberrations.     

Interaction of highly coercive permanent magnets

The force exerted by highly coercive permanent magnets (made from alloys of rare-earth metals) used as rectangular prisms in magnetic systems is considered. Calculation results and experimental data for magnets grouped on the basis of the residual induction are compared. The influence of the distance between adjacent magnets in the system on the force between the highly coercive permanent magnets is demonstrated.     

A double bend achromat lattice for the Pohang Light Source to reduce emittance and increase number of insertion devices

The Pohang Light Source (PLS) storage ring is a synchrotron light source with the emittance of 18.9 nm at 2.5 GeV and has delivered vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-rays during the past 15 years. We investigate a lattice design for the 3 GeV ring for an upgrade project that keeps the existing tunnel. We investigate a double bend achromat (DBA) structure that provides the reduction of emittance by a factor of 3 and the increase of the number of straight section by a factor of 2 than the existing PLS lattice. We present several characteristics on the beam dynamics, dynamic aperture, and optics matching in the low-emittance lattice which includes squeezed space between magnets. Present PLS lattice has 12 long straight sections of 6.8 m long and the lattice is modified to provide the additional 12 short straight sections of 3.7 m long by eliminating a bending magnet in the middle of the cell of the present triplet bending achromat lattice. Thus, the new lattice consists of a total of 24 straight sections that consist of 12×6.8 and 12×3.7?m long straight sections, which can provide the spaces for the 4- and 2-m-long insertion devices. We present the design results in detail for a DBA lattice in 281.82 m long circumference. It is shown that the emittance of 6.2 nm in the lattice can be achieved by allowing nonzero dispersions in the straight sections. The lattice provides high brilliance at the photon energy of a few 10 keV that meets the requirements by synchrotron radiation users; however, it may require a strong focusing and become sensitive to machine errors and effects of insertion devices. Thus, we investigated the dynamic aperture in the lattice by a simulation method and achieved an optimal tune under the strength of sextupole magnets of 500?T/m(2) for the low-emittance ring. We also performed the lattice tunings to restore the optics due to the errors in the low-emittance ring. In result, our designed lattice shows a good optimization in terms of emittance, brilliance, and circumference as a light source for a 3 GeV.     

A polyvalent harmonic coil testing method for small-aperture magnets

A method to characterize permanent and fast-pulsed iron-dominated magnets with small apertures is presented. The harmonic coil measurement technique is enhanced specifically for small-aperture magnets by (1) in situ calibration, for facing search-coil production inaccuracy, (2) rotating the magnet around its axis, for correcting systematic effects, and (3) measuring magnetic fluxes by stationary coils at different angular positions for measuring fast pulsed magnets. This method allows a quadrupole magnet for particle accelerators to be characterized completely, by assessing multipole field components, magnetic axis position, and field direction. In this paper, initially the metrological problems arising from testing small-aperture magnets are highlighted. Then, the basic ideas of the proposed method and the architecture of the corresponding measurement system are illustrated. Finally, experimental validation results are shown for small-aperture permanent and fast-ramped quadrupole magnets for the new linear accelerator Linac4 at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research).     

Radiofrequency antenna for suppression of parasitic discharges in a helicon plasma thruster experiment

A radiofrequency (rf) antenna for helicon plasma thruster experiments is developed and tested using a permanent magnets helicon plasma source immersed in a vacuum chamber. A magnetic nozzle is provided by permanent magnets arrays and an argon plasma is produced by a 13.56 MHz radiofrequency helicon-wave or inductively-coupled discharge. A parasitic discharge outside the source tube is successfully suppressed by covering the rf antenna with a ceramic ring and a grounded shield; a decrease in the ion saturation current of a Langmuir probe located outside the source tube is observed and the ion saturation current on axis increases simultaneously, compared with the case of a standard uncovered rf antenna. It is also demonstrated that the covered antenna can yield stable operation of the source.     

Calibrating the electron-optical model of the VEPP-5 damping ring

An experimental technique for investigating the linear optics of the storage ring by measuring the beam response to weak disturbances of the deflecting and focusing field is described. The electron-optical model of the damping ring of the VEPP-5 injection complex has been calibrated by measuring the closed orbit distortions and the betatron tune response to field variations of the dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole steering magnets. An analytical expression has been derived for each measured response, which has made it possible to solve the problem of calibrating the damping ring model by means of a standard accelerator optics design program. The model obtained has been verified by measuring the horizontal beta function and the betatron phase advances between the beam position monitors using the model-independent technique.     

Linear Reciprocating Magnetic Coupling

Russian Engineering Research - The magnetic system of a linear magnetic coupling (based on permanent magnets) is studied. The equivalent-solenoid method is used to calculate the forces between the...