Effect of coal gangue with different kaolin contents on compressive strength and pore size of blended cement paste

The effects of activated coal gangue on compressive strength, porosity and pore size distribution of hardened cement pastes were investigated. Activated coal gangue with two different kaolin contents, one higher and one lower, were used to partially replace Portland cement at 0%, 10%, and 30% by weight. The water to binder ratio（w/b） of 0.5 was used for all the blended cement paste mixes. Experimental results indicate that the blended cement of activated coal gangue mortar with higher kaolin mineral content has a higher compressive strength than that with lower kaolin mineral content. The porosity and pore size of blended cement mortar were significantly affected by the replacement of activated coal gangue.     

Influence of fly ash fineness and shape on the porosity and permeability of blended cement pastes

The effects of the fineness and shape of fly ash on the porosity and air permeability of cement pastes were investigated. Pulverized coal combustion (PCC) fly ash and fluidized bed coal combustion (FBC) fly ash classified into three different finenesses were used. River sand with particle size distribution similar to that of fly ash was also used for comparison. Portland cement was replaced with fly ash and ground sand at the dosages of 0, 20wt%, and 40wt%. A water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.35 was used thr...     

Porosity and pore size distribution measurement of cement/carbon nanofiber composites by 1H low field nuclear magnetic resonance

The dispersion effect of carbon nanofibers （CNFs） in aqueous solution and the mechanical properties, porosity, pore size distribution and microstructure of CNFs reinforced cement-based composites were investigated in this paper. To achieve effective dispersion of CNFs, a method utilizing ultrasonic processing and a commercially surfactant were employed. CNFs were incorporated to cementitious materials with the addition of 0.1 wt% and 0.2 wt% of cement with a water/cement ratio of 0.35. The mechanical properties of CNFs/ cement composites were analyzed, the porosity and pore size distribution were characterized by ^1H low field nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, and the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results indicate that the optimum concentration ratio of MC to CNFs is 2：1 for dispersing in aqueous solution. Moreover, in the field of mechanical properties, CNFs can improve the flexural strength and compressive strength. The increased mechanical properties and the decreased porosity of the matrices correspond to the increasing CNFs content and CNFs act as bridges and networks across cracks and voids.     

聚合物对发泡水泥制品孔结构和性能影响

以快硬硫铝酸盐水泥作为胶凝材料,干密度为200 kg/m3的发泡水泥为对象,研究乳液和胶粉对发泡水泥孔隙率、孔径分布、孔径大小和强度的影响.结果显示:随着聚合物掺量的增加,发泡水泥制品的孔隙率不随聚合物掺量的增加而发生变化,气孔的孔径逐渐变小,强度不断增大.当乳液和胶粉外掺量分别为2.5%时,发泡水泥28d的抗压强度、抗折强度和垂直表面拉伸强度分别增加8%、13%、28%和5%、10%、25%.     

装配式结构新老混凝土竖缝界面区孔隙率分布模型

装配式混凝土结构中存在大量新老混凝土连接界面,模板效应导致界面区水泥砂浆孔隙率相对增大,从而引起其力学及耐久性能的弱化。为定量描述界面区水泥砂浆孔隙率分布特征,制作了不同水灰比搭配的新老混凝土竖缝平整界面区试件。利用扫描电镜获取各试件距离界面不同位置处的灰度图像,并采用数字图像处理工具进行图像信息增强处理和二值化处理,从而获得孔隙像素占总像素的比值(即名义孔隙率),据此分析了新老混凝土竖缝平整界面区名义孔隙率的分布特征;基于名义孔隙率与真实孔隙率之间的稳定关系,建立了新老混凝土竖缝平整界面区孔隙率的分布模型;考虑凿毛区新老混凝土含量连续变化关系,建立了凿毛界面区孔隙率的分布模型。结果表明：名义孔隙率在界面处最大,向混凝土内部逐渐减小,最后趋于稳定,总体变化趋势具有高斯函数特征;随水灰比增大,从界面到内部各部位的名义孔隙率均呈现相对增大趋势,但不同水灰比混凝土各自界面区与内部稳定区的相对名义孔隙率却接近一致。     

The Accelerated Test of Chloride Permeability of Concrete

1　IntroductionConcretenormallyprovidesagoodprotectionagainstcorrosionofreinforcementbecauseofthehigheralkalineofporesolutionandtheformationofpassivelayeronthesurfaceofsteel .Inasalineenvironment,however,thepassivelayercanbedestroyedbytheintrusionofchlorideionstoathresholdvalue[1] andthecorrosionofsteelmayoccur.Thepenetrationofchlorideionsintoconcreteismainlythroughdiffusion .Determinationofchlorideperme abilityofconcretebynaturaldiffusionistimeconsump tive .Inasalineenvironmenthoweverwhereco…     

无砂大孔绿化混凝土制备的初步研究

以水泥、单粒级的碎石、掺合料等为原料,制备出满足一定孔隙率和强度要求的无砂大孔绿化混凝土;用FeSO4进行降pH值处理后,将种子和营养士填入混凝土孔隙中,植物能在混凝土孔隙内部发芽和生长.文章初步探索出无砂大孔绿化混凝土孔隙率、强度与水胶比的关系,孔隙率、强度与胶凝材料用量的关系,孔隙率与强度的关系,粗骨料粒级与孔隙率及强度的关系,降低pH值的方法.为进一步深入研究绿化混凝土组成、结构和性能关系及其制备技术奠定了基础.     

Modificatin of ITZ Structure and Properties of Regenerated Concrete

1Introduction Increasingattentionispaidtotheinvestigationand applicationofregeneratedconcrete(RC)forthesustain abledevelopmentofsociety[13].TheRCispreparedwith demolitionwasteconcreteoroldconcreteastherecycled aggregate(RA).RAcontainsacertainamountofhard enedcementmortar,someofwhichhaveaformofinde pendentlumps,andothersadhereontothesurfaceofnat uralaggregate.SinceRAhasagreaterporosityanda higherwaterabsorptioncapacitythannaturalaggregate,whichhasagreaterinfluenceontheperformanceofRC;conse…     

东濮凹陷二叠系有效储层主控因素及物性下限

东濮凹陷二叠系储层具有明显的低孔低渗特征,地质条件的复杂性制约了储层研究,有效储层主控因素与物性下限有待进一步确定。通过分析沉积相、成岩作用等因素对储层物性的影响,明确了有效储层发育的主控因素。沉积相直接控制了储层原始物性,河道亚相、分流河道微相及水下分流河道微相中的砂体物性较好,单层厚度大,利于储层发育,分流间湾中的砂体物性较差。成岩作用中,压实作用、胶结作用是造成储层致密化的主要作用;两次大规模溶蚀作用形成了大量溶蚀孔隙,是改善储层物性的关键因素。利用储层孔隙度、渗透率等物性资料及试油、压汞等资料,采用试油法、经验统计法及压汞参数法确定了二叠系有效储层孔隙度下限为4.8%,渗透率下限为0.04 mD。     

Calculation of alkali silica reaction (ASR) induced expansion before cracking of concrete

A calculation method for predicting the formation of alkali-silica gel and analyzing the relationship of ASR induced expansion and aggregate size was proposed. The complicated chemistry of alkali silica reaction was simplified to be controlled by the diffusion process of chemical ions into reactive aggregates. The transport of chemical ions was described by the Fick’s law. The ASR induced expansion was assumed to be directly related to the volume of produced alkali-silica gel. The finally expansion of a representative volume element (RVE) of concrete was then calculated according to the ratio of volume of alkali-silica gel and RVE. The input parameters of the model contains radius of reactive aggregate, volume fraction of reactive aggregate, initial concentration of chemical ions and porosity of cement paste. The applicability of the model was validated by an experiment of ASR-affected concrete specimens containing glass aggregate. It is shown that the amount of alkali-silica gel and ASR induced expansion can be well predicted. The expansion increasing with the decreasing aggregate size can be reproduced by the proposed model.     

Influence of Calcium Sulfate State and Fineness of Cement on Hydration of Portland Cements Using Electrical Measurement

1 IntroductionThe calcium sulfate state includes gypsum, hemi-hydrate and anhydrite .Inthe modern Portland cement in-dustry,the gypsumis used as a setting retarder for reac-tion with C3A[1]. With the presence of gypsumin theformof CaSO4·2H2O,the gypsum dissolves and reactsprimarily with C3A and C4AF to form ettringite . Thisettringite isinitiallyformed with a veryfine-needle crystalstructure ,whichforms a diffusion barrier onthe surface ofthe cement . This coating avoids the unwanted fl…     

透水性砼配合比正交试验方法

基于混凝土强度和透水性要求,根据现有实验室条件,运用相似原理和正交实验原理对C15透水性混凝土的配合比进行试验方法研究.采用3因素3水平均值相似正交法提出了研究水灰比、骨灰比、骨料粒径对混凝土空隙率、透水率和抗压强度影响的试验方法,根据透水性混凝土性能要求确定了试配强度、水泥用量、水灰比、粗集料用量.最后提出根据所建立的正交试验表,利用极差分析、方差分析和线性回归分析确定最优配合比和各因素显著性的方法.研究表明,该方法同样适合于分析不同因素、基于不同性质和目的的透水性混凝土配合比的设计.     

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE INTERFACIAL ZONE BETWEEN AGGREGATE AND PASTE OF PORTLAND CEMENT

The composition and structure of theinterfacial zone between aggregate and paste ofportland cement as well as the orientationcoefficient of portlandite (Icn) werepreliminarily studied by XRD and SEMmethods.The main products in the zone are C-S-H gel,portlandite,AFt and pores,micro-cracks as well as unhydrated portlandcement clinker particles.Potlandite not onlygrows well but exists in orientating forms,andnear the interface it exists in a state parallel tothe surface of aggregate by its(001)latticeplane.Icn rises with the increase of cementwater ratio(w/c)and the development of thecement hydration.The higher the w/c,themore the pores and micro-cracks in thezone,w/c bears an exact relation to the decreaseof bond strength.Icn is decreased when 5.0%silica fume is added to cement.Bond strengthsat early ages are reduced by adding 0.5% FDN(one kind of water-reducing admixture)due tothe retarded hydration of cement,but they willincrease continually and become greater than those of other samples after 28 days.     

Effect of Sand Content on Strength and Pore Structure of Cement Mortar

The effects of four sand contents on the compressive, flexural and splitting-tensile strength of cement mortars were evaluated. Moreover, we experimentally investigated the pore structure of cement mortar brought about by changing the sand content and water/cement ratio. The changes in the pore structure were quantified by measuring the porosity and pore size distribution obtained by using mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) technique. The test results show that the strengths of cement mortar increase with increasing sand content. It is also suggested that the traditional water/cement ratio law can be applied to cement mortar with different sand contents, provided that a slight modification is introduced. Sand content is an important parameter influencing the pore structure of cement mortar. Moreover, there is a good relationship between the pore structure and strength of cement mortar.     

土壤原位热传导修复水-汽-热耦合输运模拟

为了研究有机污染场地原位热传导热修复过程中地层温度的时空分布规律,基于典型场地建立水-汽-热耦合输运模型,通过COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真平台对原位热传导修复过程中的土壤温升进行数值模拟研究,预测得到温度、水相及蒸汽相浓度分布随时间的变化规律. 利用文献中的单根加热棒加热场地实测数据对模拟结果进行对比验证,通过参数化分析探究土壤孔隙度、水饱和度及毛细作用力对土壤温度时空分布的影响. 结果表明,大孔隙度和水高饱和度将导致土壤温升减慢,这是由于大量热量用于液态水蒸发过程. 毛细管力会强化液态水输运,增大蒸发速率．     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of Portland cement concrete prepared with coral reef sand

The feasibility of using coral reef sand (CRS) in Portland cement concrete is investigated by testing the mechanical property and microstructure of concrete. The composition, structure and properties of the CRS are analyzed. Mechanical properties and microstructure of concrete with CRS are studied and compared to concrete with natural river sand. The relationship between the microstructure and performance of CRS concrete is established. The CRS has a porous surface with high water intake capacity, which contributes to the mechanical properties of concrete. The interfacial transition zone between the cement paste and CRS is densified compared to normal concrete with river sand. Hydration products form in the pore space of CRS and interlock with the matrix of cement paste, which increases the strength. The total porosity of concrete prepared with CRS is higher than that with natural sand. The main difference in pore size distribution is the fraction of fine pores in the range of 100 nm.     

纤维增强泡沫混凝土的力学强度及吸水性能

以普通硅酸盐水泥和动物蛋白发泡剂为基材,制备了泡沫混凝土,研究了：试样强度随水灰比、干密度、纤维长度、纤维类型的变化规律;单轴受压下应力应变全曲线;试样微观泡孔分布以及吸水性能的变化。结果表明,素泡沫混凝土和纤维增强泡沫混凝土的抗压强度均随孔隙率增加呈指数减小,水灰比对抗压强度的影响随纤维添加量、孔隙率的不同而不同。短丝纤维对强度的提升优于长丝纤维,网状纤维对强度的改善优于丝状纤维;纤维泡沫混凝土应力应变全曲线包括上升、下降和峰后三段,与素泡沫混凝土相比,其峰值应力对应的峰值应变减小,而弹性模量和残余应力均大幅增加;大直径泡孔占比随纤维添加量增加而降低,添加纤维提升了试样的吸水性能。     

免烧粉煤灰滤料的制备及其性能的研究

为了扩大粉煤灰的应用范围,减少其对环境的污染,并且寻求一种新的水处理滤料的配方与制备方法,以粉煤灰、粘土为主要原料,以生石灰、石膏、水泥为激发剂,以H2O2(双氧水)、NaHCO3为发泡剂,经搅拌、成型、自然冷却等工艺在实验室制备了免烧粉煤灰滤料.结果表明,如果以孔隙率作为主要的性能评价指标,制备免烧粉煤灰滤料的最佳质量配比为:粉煤灰46.30%,粘土13.89%,生石灰18.52%,水泥13.89%,石膏1.85%,纯H2O25.55%,此时所制滤料的孔隙率为72.24%.     

硅灰与氧化石墨烯对硬化水泥浆体的复合增强效应

研究了硅灰与氧化石墨烯复掺时对硬化水泥浆体力学性能的影响. 分别进行了普通水泥浆体、内掺质量分数10%的硅灰水泥、外掺质量分数0.8%的氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂（GOPCs）水泥浆体以及同时内掺硅灰与外掺GOPCs的水泥浆体的配制. 对4种硬化水泥浆体的抗折强度、抗压强度以及90 d龄期孔隙率进行了测定,同时采用X射线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜对水泥水化产物进行分析,并将4种样品的力学性能进行比较. 结果表明,当掺10%硅灰时,硬化水泥浆体90 d抗压强度比空白样提高了3.6%,抗折强度提高了9.6%;当只使用氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂而不掺硅灰时,抗压强度提高了11.9%,抗折强度提高了15.3%;当硅灰与氧化石墨烯复掺时,抗压强度提高了22.7%,抗折强度提高了38.6%. 孔隙率的变化以及XRD、SEM分析证实了这一结果. 因此,硅灰与氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂对硬化水泥浆体具有复合增强作用.     

梯度多孔镁的制备及压缩性能研究

以镁粉和造孔剂碳酸氢铵为主要原料,采用粉末冶金技术制备梯度多孔镁。研究了造孔剂梯度分布和烧结温度对梯度多孔镁孔隙特性、烧结收缩行为以及压缩性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着梯度结构中间层造孔剂含量的增加,梯度多孔镁样品的平均孔隙度升高,烧结收缩率、抗压强度以及杨氏模量均降低。此外,随着烧结温度的升高,梯度多孔镁样品的平均孔隙度降低,烧结收缩率、抗压强度和杨氏模量均增加。造孔剂分布为质量分数5％15％的多孔镁样品经620＂C烧结2h后,平均孔隙度为27．3％,烧结收缩率为11．7％,抗压强度为24．5MPa,杨氏模量为1．83GPa．