Kinematics and nonlinear control of an electromagnetic actuated CVT system for passenger vehicle

An electromagnetic actuated continuously variable transmission (EMA-CVT) system is developed by two sets of electromagnetic actuators (solenoid) located on primary and secondary pulley. A set of solenoids are attached to the primary and secondary pulley to develop the attraction and repulsive forces. The relationships between the speed ratio and electromagnetic actuation and clamping force and output torque of the CVT are established based on the kinematics of the EMA-CVT system. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is developed to control the EMA precisely based on the feedback of the RPM sensor and slope sensor. The EMA-CVT performance with controller has found 28% more than the performance of the EMA-CVT without controller. The solenoids of the EMA were activated by varying the current supply with the Fuzzy-Proportional-Derivative-Integrator (FPID) to maintain the non-linearity of the CVT in response of the vehicle traction torque demand. Result shows that the solenoid is able to pull the plunger in the desired distance with supply current of 12.5 amp while push the plunger to the desired distance with 14.00 amp current supply to the windings when the vehicle is considered in 10% grade. The acceleration time of the ? scale car has been recorded as 5.5 s with the response of drive wheels torque.     

汽车无级变速传动系统综合控制的研究

建立了汽车传动系统模型,研究了实现发动机最佳燃油经济性的算法,考虑到系统模型的强非线性特征以及发动机节气门与变速器速比对汽车动态性能的耦合作用,给出了保证实现汽车的动力性能和最佳燃油经济性的综合控制算法。建立了具有双变量闭环回路控制的综合控制系统,设计出模糊控制器和ＰＩＤ控制器,最后通过仿真比较了两种控制方法对综合控制效果的影响。     

基于模糊逻辑的AFS／DYC集成控制策略研究

文中所研究的汽车动态控制系统是基于模糊逻辑控制的主动前轮转向（AFS）和直接横摆力矩控制（DYC）的集成。控制系统采用分层控制。上层使用模糊逻辑控制器（横摆角速度控制器）,输入为横摆角速度偏差及其变化率,其输出为直接横摆力矩控制信号和前轮修正转向角;下层（模糊集成控制器）设计了基于轮胎侧向力工作区的模糊逻辑控制器,通过调整前轮侧向力的方向,激活切换函数来调节模糊逻辑控制器的比例因子。仿真结果表明,使用非线性七自由度车辆模型,与单独的AFS或DYC控制器相比较,使用集成AFS／DYC控制系统,汽车操纵稳定性得到了很大的改善。     

A new method for boring of non-circular holes

A revolving electromagnetic actuation mechanism composed of an electromagnetic stator and an electromagnetic rotor has been developed for boring non-circular holes. The main component of the rotor is a flexure-hinged based flexible body. There are four pole-pair coils in the stator supplying actuation currents. The micro-displacement between the stator and rotor can be controlled by changing the currents applied in the pole-pair coils. Through linearization of the actuation force near the static action point, a linear relationship between the control current and the actuation force was established, and the synchronizing control method of the electromagnetic actuation mechanism is presented here. With two-factor analysis of the linearization error of the actuation force, the influences of control current and micro-displacement to the linearization error of the actuation force were studied. Then, the principle for designing the basic parameters of the magnetic actuation mechanism is put forward. The calibration of the mechanism indicates that the relationship between the micro-displacement of the rotor and the control current has linear characteristics in the required micro-displacement range. Simulation tests show that the turning radius of the rotor changes with the control current. The proposed mechanism can feasibly supply a controllable micro displacement to the boring bar. __________ Translated from Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2005, 39(6) (in Chinese)     

基于PLC的汽车变速演示系统

为了分析汽车变速的动力传递路线,采用可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）完成了自动变速控制系统的硬件设计,并且进行了相关机械系统布局和机械变速控制方案设计,研究了换档的最佳控制和不同档位时的传动比;针对国内外汽车机械自动变速器（AMT）的产品变速原理与控制规律,提出了一套用于教学和变速原理演示的示教方案。试验结果表明：该系统操作方便,示教目的明确,能广泛应用于相关自动变速器、汽车、维修等领域的演示和教学。     

自适应模糊控制半主动悬架系统的研究

半主动悬架系统自适应模糊控制器的应用是为了提高汽车悬架的阻尼效果和操控性。建立 4自由度 1 /2车辆模型 ,在此模型基础上 ,设计了模糊控制器 ,论述了半主动悬架系统的模糊控制方法 ,说明此方法对悬架质心加速度、轮胎动载荷和悬架俯仰角等性能的提高有益。对悬架在各种输入激励下的仿真效果与被动悬架作了比较 ,结果令人满意。     

液压无级变速器的关键技术研究

通过对五档液力无级变速器传动模型的分析,在其对外负载具有良好自动调节和适应能力的基础上,采用模糊控制打滑率的方法,可以提高效率,换档冲击小,操纵简单,能按最佳的换档时机进行自动换档,有助于提高汽车的动力性和经济性。     

Modeling and control of the magnetic suspension system

A fuzzy logic based controller applied to a simple magnetic suspension is presented in this paper. The simple electromagnet-ball system and the contactless optical position measurement system are developed as a physical model of the magnetic suspension. A nonlinear mathematical model is presented and linearized. This model has been used to design a discrete linear PID controller with optimal parameters. The physical real-time model was constructed in order to compare the performance of the linear discrete PID controller and the proposed fuzzy logic based PID controller. The decomposed fuzzy PID controller has proportional, integral, and derivative separate parts which are tuned independently. When testing it becomes clear that the decomposed fuzzy PID controller gives better performance over a typical operational range than a traditional linear PID controller.     

Infinite band controller with a fuzzy tuner

Fuzzy logic has been successfully employed in rule-based control systems. In this paper, a fuzzy matrix is used to time an infinite band controller for temperature set point regulation and pressure regulation of an electronics cooling system on Space Station Freedom. The fuzzy tuning matrix shows significant improvement in transient behavior as well as set point tracking. The algorithm was developed in SYSTEM BUILD.     

Genetic based sensorless hybrid intelligent controller for strip loop formation control between inter-stands in hot steel rolling mills

Safe operating environment is essential for all complex industrial processes. The safety issues in steel rolling mill when the hot strip passes through consecutive mill stands have been considered in this paper. Formation of sag in strip is a common problem in the rolling process. The excessive sag can lead to scrap runs and damage to machinery. Conventional controllers for mill actuation system are based on a rolling model. The factors like rise in temperature, aging, wear and tear are not taken into account while designing a conventional controller. Therefore, the conventional controller cannot yield a requisite controlled output. In this paper, a new Genetic-neuro-fuzzy hybrid controller without tension sensor has been proposed to optimize the quantum of excessive sag and reduce it. The performance of the proposed controller has been compared with the performance of fuzzy logic controller, Neuro-fuzzy controller and conventional controller with the help of data collected from the plant. The simulation results depict that the proposed controller has superior performance than the other controllers.     

Position control of an electro-pneumatic system based on PWM technique and FLC

In this paper, modeling and PWM based control of an electro-pneumatic system, including the four 2–2 valves and a double acting cylinder are studied. Dynamic nonlinear behavior of the system, containing fast switching solenoid valves and a pneumatic cylinder, as well as electrical, magnetic, mechanical, and fluid subsystems are modeled. A DC–DC power converter is employed to improve solenoid valve performance and suppress system delay. Among different position control methods, a proportional integrator derivative (PID) controller and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) are evaluated. An experimental setup, using an AVR microcontroller is implemented. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.     

EXPERIMENT STUDY ON SPEED RATIO CONTROL OF METAL V-BELT TYPE CVT

Based on the control scheme of force and position, the controlling and testing system of metal V-belt type CVT is developed. Having taken account of the complex nonlinear characteristics of the CVT shift dynamics and the saturation and nonlinear characteristics of the speed ratio control valve, the speed ratio fuzzy controller based on the speed ratio feedback is designed. The experiment results show that the developed speed ratio control system is practical and feasible.     

车辆半主动悬架系统控制的研究与仿真

在基于阻尼控制的半主动悬架系统模型基础上,设计了悬架系统模糊逻辑控制器。并从频域和时域两个角度对悬架控制系统进行了分析,最后对车辆行驶平顺性进行了评价。结果表明,模糊控制可有效提高车辆的行驶平顺性。     

CRUISE FUZZY CONTROL FOR AUTOMOBILE WITH CVT

lNTRODUCTION Application of Engineering Techniqueskd..--boc eddent of wi Ter,--Exted --ee totque du (t)--Incrernental output Ofr--Delay time icvt--Pul1ey sped ratio fuzzy controllers--teplace factor io--Final taluchon gec ratiO e--Erro(fuzzy set)T.,..--Engine staly outPUt tDnlue dicvt/dt--SPed ratio rate of belt drive e.--Rate(fuzzy set)J..d--Driving shaft equivalent inertia k.--Equivalent eIastic coefficient du--OUtPut(fuzzy set)J.,,--Passive shaft equivalent inedia c"--Equival…     

基于无级变速传动的并联式混合动力汽车动力学仿真研究

采用金属带一行星齿轮无限级变速传动系统的并联式混合动力汽车,具有在相同动力性能下所需电动机功率小、燃油消耗少、废气排放低等特点。应用键合图理论,分析了双模态型并联式混合动力汽车的发动机、电动机及离合器等部件的性能参数以及变速器速比在汽车加速行驶过程中的变化规律,从而为进一步开发并联式混合动力汽车提供理论设计依据。     

智能模糊给水控制器的设计开发

给出一种智能模糊给水控制器的设计方法,讨论了该控制器的硬件电路结构和模糊控制方法,克服了传统PID控制中稳定性差、参数调整困难的问题。同时,介绍了控制器采用的无线数据传输模块和通信协议,可用于现有给水控制器的升级改造。     

HYDRAULIC ACTIVE GUIDE ROLLER SYSTEM FOR HIGH-SPEED ELEVATOR BASED ON FUZZY CONTROLLER

Increase of elevator speed brings about amplified vibrations of high-speed elevator. In order to reduce the horizontal vibrations of high-speed elevator, a new type of hydraulic active guide roller system based on fuzzy logic controller is developed. First the working principle of the hydraulic guide system is introduced, then the dynamic model of the horizontal vibrations for elevator cage with active guide roller system and the mathematical model of the hydraulic system are given. A fuzzy logic controller for the hydraulic system is designed to control the hydraulic actuator. To improve the control performance, preview compensation for the controller is provided. Finally, simulation and experiments are executed to verify the hydraulic active guide roller system and the control strategy. Both the simulation and experimental results indicate that the hydraulic active guide roller system can reduce the horizontal vibrations of the elevator effectively and has better effects than the passive one, and the fuzzy logic controller with preview compensation can give superior control performance.     

CVT lubrication: The effect of lubricants on the frictional characteristics of the belt-pulley interface

Two tests for evaluating continuously variable transmission (CVT) lubricants have been developed using readily available test equipment and test parts. These tests have been designed to rank lubricants using a number of criteria relevant to the performance of the lubricant in a push-belt variator. These include overall level of friction, friction stability, temperature dependence of friction, and load dependence of friction. Testing lubricants of different types has shown the effect of lubricant chemistry on the parameters measured and indicates that some existing fluids, a CVT fluid and passenger car motor oil, as well as an experimental fluid, should give good performance in a continuously variable transmission using a push-belt variator.     

A novel optimized hybrid fuzzy logic intelligent PID controller for an interconnected multi-area power system with physical constraints and boiler dynamics

In the fast developing world nowadays, load frequency control (LFC) is considered to be a most significant role for providing the power supply with good quality in the power system. To deliver a reliable power, LFC system requires highly competent and intelligent control technique. Hence, in this article, a novel hybrid fuzzy logic intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (FLiPID) controller has been proposed for LFC of interconnected multi-area power systems. A four-area interconnected thermal power system incorporated with physical constraints and boiler dynamics is considered and the adjustable parameters of the FLiPID controller are optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) scheme employing an integral square error (ISE) criterion. The proposed method has been established to enhance the power system performances as well as to reduce the oscillations of uncertainties due to variations in the system parameters and load perturbations. The supremacy of the suggested method is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results with some recently reported heuristic methods such as fuzzy logic proportional-integral (FLPI) and intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for the same electrical power system. the investigations showed that the FLiPID controller provides a better dynamic performance and outperform compared to the other approaches in terms of the settling time, and minimum undershoots of the frequency as well as tie-line power flow deviations following a perturbation, in addition to perform appropriate settlement of integral absolute error (IAE). Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the plant is inspected by varying the system parameters and operating load conditions from their nominal values. It is observed that the suggested controller based optimization algorithm is robust and perform satisfactorily with the variations in operating load condition, system parameters and load pattern.     

直接型模糊自适应滑模控制在智能减振结构中的应用

在智能减振结构中,需要控制器有很好的鲁棒性,以保证在结构参数发生变化的情况下仍可以获得理想的控制结果。简单模糊逻辑控制在系统结构参数变化比较大的情况下,其鲁棒性能比较差。引入滑模控制的思想,把基本控制量分为等效控制量和开关控制量,并同时用两个模糊逻辑进行近似逼近,自适应率的设计保证了系统的稳定性,从而建立了直接型模糊自适应滑模控制。通过和简单模糊控制的控制结果比较,验证了直接型模糊自适应滑模控制在智能减振系统中的有效性。