Development of circumferential through-wall crack K-solutions for control rod drive mechanism nozzles

The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) has undertaken a program to assess the integrity of control rod drive mechanism nozzles in existing plants that are not immediately replacing their reactor pressure vessel heads. This paper summarizes some of the efforts undertaken on behalf of the USNRC for the development of circumferential crack-driving force solutions to be used in probabilistic determinations of the time from detectable leakage to failure. Detailed three-dimensional elastic–plastic finite element analyses of these nozzles were conducted to determine the effects of operating conditions, tube-to-head interference fit, tube yield strength, and nozzle-to-head angle on the crack-driving force. Three major observations to date are:

• Conducting simple tube-only analyses can severely overpredict the actual crack-driving force in the control rod drive mechanism nozzles.

• The crack-driving force is a strong function of the nozzle yield strength, nozzle-to-head angle, interference fit, and weld residual stress; and

• In many cases, when the crack is made to be perpendicular to the wall of the nozzle, the operating conditions and residual stresses appear to create some crack closure along the crack faces, suggesting that cracks in service will grow at an angle through the thickness.

     

固体氧化物燃料电池三维模拟与性能分析

建立了平板式阳极支撑固体氧化物燃料电池的三维数学模型,通过耦合电化学动力学和流体动力学模拟了电池的传热传质等传输现象。采用有限容积法计算了质量、动量、组分与能量守恒方程。研究给出了同向流与反向流情况下电流度密度、电压与功率密度分布。结果显示在同向流情况下,电池的最大功率密度较大,温度分布较均匀合理。进一步研究表明多孔电极结构参数（孔隙率、曲折因子与孔径尺寸）对电池性能有十分重要的影响。比较计算的极化性能与文献的实验数据,结果表明两者吻合的较好。     

某火电机组汽电双驱引风机系统辅机故障控制仿真及试验分析

为了研究某火电机组风烟系统采用汽电双驱型引风机系统,不同设备故障条件下机组相应的控制策略,依据热力学原理及设备固有属性,并搭建了相应的动力学模型,对发电机跳闸、小汽轮机跳闸、引风机与小汽轮机同时跳闸3种故障下的控制策略进行分析。最后,通过3次实际试验验证了控制策略及模型仿真结论的正确性。研究表明：在发电机跳闸时,可以通过调门快速动作到一定开度来保证机组的安全运行;在小汽轮机跳闸或引风机与小汽轮机同时跳闸时,可以通过保证机组的水煤比、风煤比等参数实现机组的减负荷运行。