Channel addition/removal response in Raman fiber amplifiers: modeling and experimentation

In this article, we investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, transient effects in Raman fiber amplifiers (RFA) caused by channel addition/removal. A comprehensive large-signal numerical model of RFA, which incorporates time variation effects and the downstream and upstream propagation of multiple signals, pumps, and amplified spontaneous emission components, has been used for the theoretical analysis. The effect of pumping scheme, pump power, the length and type of Raman fiber, and number of added and/or dropped channels on the dynamics of surviving channel power fluctuations has been studied. In our experimental setup, signals from two laser diodes (LDs) were transmitted through counterdirectionally pumped RFA consisting of 15.6 km of dispersion compensating fiber (DCF). To simulate channel addition/removal, one signal was square-wave-modulated at 500 Hz. At the output of the RFA, the signal of the continuous-wave LD was selected with an optical bandpass filter, and power fluctuations of the surviving channel were recorded with a high-speed digital oscilloscope. Power fluctuations as high as 0.45 dB with typical saturated amplifier overshoots were observed.     

Channel addition-removal response in all-optical gain-clamped lumped Raman fiber amplifier

Application of all-optical gain-clamped (AOGC) lumped Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) for protection of surviving channels in multiwavelength networks is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Channel addition-removal was simulated by transmitting signals of two lasers through a counterdirectionally pumped RFA consisting of 16 km of dispersion compensating fiber. Light of one of the lasers was square-wave modulated at 500 Hz; power fluctuations of the other laser caused by cross-gain modulation of the RFA were monitored at the output of the amplifier with a digital oscilloscope. An all-optical feedback loop was implemented in the form of a ring laser. Theoretical analysis of the AOGC lumped RFA is based on numerical solution of coupled propagation equations for forward and backward-propagating pumps, signals, and spectral components of amplified spontaneous emission powers.     

高非线性光纤中受激布里渊散射的抑制和光参量放大

受激布里渊散射 (SBS)的抑制是实现光纤参量放大的重要技术要求 ,已有文献报道多采用对抽运光进行相位调制的方法 ,将光功率分散到多个频率分量上来达到这一目的。提出一种二次调相的方法 ,在已有 2GHz相位调制的商品光源上施加 36 5MHz的二次相位调制 ,将高非线性光纤 (HNLF)的受激布里渊散射阈值由未加任何调制时的 10dBm至少提高到 2 3 5dBm ,达到了参量放大的要求。在此基础上 ,进行了连续波 (CW )抽运的光纤参量放大实验。实验中采用长度为 14 5 0m ,非线性系数γ =11 9W-1km-1,色散斜率S =0 0 15 5ps/(nm2 ·km)的高非线性光纤 ,使用外腔可调谐激光器 (ECL)作为信号光源 ,小信号增益带宽达到 2 6nm(增益 >10dB) ,峰值增益达到2 4dB。同时还观察到了由于非线性拉曼放大作用造成的长波长信号光增益大于短波长信号光增益的不对称性。     

A novel symmetric 10 Gbit/s architecture with a single feeder fiber for WDM-PON based on chirp-managed laser

We propose the single feeder fiber architecture for wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network(WDM-PON)based on directly modulated chirp managed laser(CML).The downlink(DL)signal output from the laser is converted to return-to-zero(RZ)differential phase shift signal using a pulse carver.The downstream signal is reused as a carrier for the upstream using intensity modulation technique.Simulation results show the error-free performance at symmetric data rate of 10 Gbit/s per channel with negligible power penalty and improved receiver sensitivity for the uplink(UL),over 25 km standard single-mode fiber(SSMF).A low-cost and reduced circuitry network design is implemented on a single feeder fiber with the elimination of differential encoder and one external modulator.     

光纤CATV中调相法抑制相位干涉噪声的研究

本文从理论上研究了附加相位调制抑制相位干涉噪声的方法 ,研究表明 :在光纤AM CATV外调制传输系统中 ,对传输光载波信号引入附加相位调制 ,当相位调制信号的频率为CATV频带的两倍以上时 ,可以有效地抑制相位干涉噪声的发生 ,抑制程度与相位调制度有关。     

基于相位调制器的宽带窄线宽的线性调频激光源的产生

提出了一种基于相位调制器(PM)和可调谐光滤波器产生线性调频激光信号的方法。该方法利用带有基频的微波线性调频信号作为相位调制器的驱动信号,窄线宽的激光种子源经相位调制器调制后产生一系列的宽带线性调频激光信号。通过可调谐光滤波器抑制其他边带保留所需阶次的线性调频激光信号。实验结果表明:当光滤波器保留正二阶调频激光信号时,获得了调频带宽为2 GHz、调频速率为6 THz/s的线性调频激光信号。在观测时间为1 ms时,测得的线性调频激光信号的瞬时线宽为3.2 kHz。该方法结构简单,易于实现,并且对调频连续波激光雷达、相干光谱分析等测量应用有重要意义。     

Effect of nonlinearities on outage performance of fiber-fedmicrocellular networks for GMSK systems

Application of fiber for remoting the complex RF signal processing and control procedures in a microcellular system has attracted much attention. This paper investigates the effect of the laser diode nonlinearities on the outage performance of a Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK)-based system in a Rician channel. The analysis presented assumes that in contrast to the rapid (or short-term) fluctuations modeled by the Rician distribution, the slow (or long-term) fluctuations due to shadowing or near-far effects are compensated (in an exact sense) by power control schemes. The nonlinearity of the laser diode is shown to create a tradeoff between the outage and system parameters such as radio capacity and threshold bit-error rate (BER). The optical noises, such as shot noise, thermal noise, and relative intensity noise, are shown to degrade the outage of the system. Also, in addition to the usual improvement of outage with a strong specular component, it is observed that the specularity of the channel in a small measure mitigates the effective nonlinearity of the system and thus increases the dynamic range of the system. Design equations are provided for optimal performance     

掺镱光纤放大器的实验研究

介绍了利用国产掺镱光纤设计的掺镱光纤放大器的放大特性,分别把单频二极管抽运固体激光器(DPL)和窄线宽的半导体激光器(LD)产生的单频激光注入到掺镱光纤放大器中,对连续信号采用静态和交流调制两种形式进行放大,仅用18m光纤就获得超过26dB的增益。     

Analysis of channel addition/removal response in all-optical gain-clamped cascade of lumped Raman fiber amplifiers

The effect of addition and/or dropping of wavelength-multiplexed channels in a network comprising three concatenated lumped Raman fiber amplifiers (LRFAs) have been analyzed by numerical simulation and verified experimentally. The first LRFA in the cascade is gain clamped using a ring-laser configuration, and the lasing power propagates through the cascade. A large-signal numerical model that incorporates time variation effects and the downstream propagation of signal, upstream propagation of pumps, and downstream and upstream propagation of amplified spontaneous emission spectral components has been used for the theoretical analysis. The LRFAs consist of 16 km of dispersion-compensating fiber counterdirectionally pumped at 1455 nm by a Raman fiber laser. Channel addition/removal is simulated by propagating through the cascade of LRFAs optical power from two laser diodes. One of them is square-wave modulated at 500 Hz, and power fluctuations of the second continuous-wave signal caused by the cross-gain saturation effect in LRFAs are monitored.     

IF signal transmission at 60 GHz-band using direct modulation of atwo-mode locked Fabry-Perot slave laser

We demonstrate the fiber transmission of an IF signal at 60 GHz-band using a two-mode injection-locked Fabry-Perot slave laser for fiber radio systems. The IF signal can be generated by the CW modulation of the slave laser without using an optical intensity-modulator. We confirm the fast response of the modulated slave laser and a 77 dB dynamic range for signal modulation against third-order distortion. The IF signals power deviation caused by fiber dispersion is also investigated     

人眼安全高重频窄脉宽单模全光纤激光器特性研究

介绍了基于主振荡功率放大结构的人眼安全全光纤激光器.首先对比了电光调制及直接调制产生的种子激光在百kHz重复频率、纳秒级脉冲宽度的激光放大器中优缺点,综合系统需求选择直接调制方式;之后对窄脉冲单模放大中出现的脉冲分裂现象进行了研究,选用10 m纤芯的双包层铒镱共掺光纤,仅通过两级放大即获得了1 550 nm,重复频率为200 kHz,脉冲宽度为4.07 ns,峰值功率为1.02 kW的单模激光输出.具有结构紧凑、稳定可靠的特点,可用于三维视频激光雷达.     

In-line optical phase-sensitive amplifier with pump light sourcecontrolled by optical phase-lock loop

This paper describes an in-line optical phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) with a pump laser whose optical phase is locked to that of a randomly modulated signal by using an optical phase-lock loop (OPLL). The OPLL is designed with the capability of optical phase locking at an arbitrary relative phase. Experimental evaluation is presented of the OPLL employing a newly developed external cavity semiconductor ring laser with a spectrum linewidth of less than 20 kHz. Employing this pump laser with the OPLL in conjunction with a 4.4-km long nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer (NFSI) yields optical phase-sensitive gain of up to 11 dB. A randomly modulated signal is successfully amplified and confirmed offering a clear eye-opening     

Improved Automatic Filtered Power Control Pumping Method for Uniform Shortpass Band in Optical Fiber Communications

To form a low noise figure and uniform shortpass band in optical fiber communications an improved automatic filtered power control (AFPC) pumping method is proposed here. A modulated single laser signal was entered in a closed feedback loop, in which the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) was used as a part of the AFPC loop. Owing to the constant filtered signal and the quadrature phase shift delay inside the feedback loop, an optical pass band was uniformly formed. This EDFA attains high performance with a low noise figure simultaneously. The method was successfully applied to the fabrication of practical 12.0 m length of erbium-doped fiber pumped at 980 nm wavelength and 20 dBm power. Experiments prove that the signal gain of the loop remain flat in the range of 18.2 to 22.4 dB with a worst case error of ±0.5 dB and the noise figure was reduced by 2.2 dB at optimal, which correspond to a shortpass range of 40 nm band pass from 1525 nm to 1565 nm in wavelength. Of course, it should be possible to extent the system performance to all pumping configurations for semiconductor optical amplifiers. This provides the simplest and most economical way to transmit a well-defined band of modulated laser signal and to reject all other unwanted radiation.     

基于布尔电路直接调制的混沌光时域反射仪

研制了一种基于布尔混沌直接调制激光器的混沌光 时域反射仪(COTDR),用 于实现光纤故障的高精度诊断。仪器利用布尔混沌作为调制信号,经驱动电路直接调制分布 反馈(DFB)激光器输出混 沌激光;混沌光经光纤耦合器分为两路,一路作参考光,另一路作探测光,注入到被测 光纤中,由故 障点反射的回波信号与参考光经光电转换后进行同步采样。最后对两组采样数据进行互相关 处理,根据相 关峰值判断故障点位置。实验结果表明,本文的COTDR能够检测到光纤的不匹配连接点和断 点等反射事件,并在 98km测量范围内可实现与距离无关的24cm空 间分辨率 。本文的COTDR结构简单、成本低,易于实现集成化和产品化,符合工程应用的实际需求。     

An 18-channel multifrequency laser

A multifrequency laser (MFL) is demonstrated that runs simultaneously CW on 18 channels spaced by 103 GHz. The laser emits -14.6-dBm power per wavelength channel into single-mode fiber. Each wavelength channel can be modulated at 1.24 Gb/s. The MFL exhibits a stable and reproducible optical channel spacing owing to the reproducibility of the waveguide grating router that serves as the intracavity filter element.     

Amplification Effect on Rayleigh Scattering and SBS in 25 km Distributed Fiber Raman Amplifier

The amplification effect on stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） and Rayleigh scattering in the backward pumped G652 fibers Raman amplifier have been researched. The signal source is a tunable narrow spectral bandwidth （〈10 MHz） ECL laser and is pumped by the tunable power 1427.2 nm fiber Raman laser. The Rayleigh scattering lines are amplified by fiber Raman amplifier, and Stokes stimulated Brillouin scattering lines are amplified by fiber Raman amplifier and fiber Brillouin amplifier. The SBS lines total gain is a production of the gain of Raman and the gain of Brillouin amplifier. In experiment, the gain of SBS is about 42 dB and the saturation gain of 25 Ion G652 backward FRA is about 25 dB, so the gain of fiber Brillouin amplifier is about 17 dB.     

光纤激光器的调制实验研究

为了得到光纤激光器的好的调制特性,对光纤激光器的偏振态控制与否进行了对比试验,发现激光器没有进行偏振态控制,调制后的信号为噪声,即无法调制;利用扭转光纤控制构成腔的偏振态,选频器采用保偏光纤上写入的光纤光栅研制的环形激光器,调制特性可以与半导体激光器相比拟.比较了利用半导体激光器与偏振态控制的光纤激光器100km传输实验结果,二者结果一致.研究结果有利于光纤激光器在光纤通信中的应用.     

All-fiber phase-modulated master oscillator power amplifier forcoherent communication

An all-fiber phase-modulated master oscillator power amplifier for free-space coherent communication is presented. A distributed-feedback fiber laser at 1.06 μm is used as master oscillator. A novel phase modulator based on a ZnO-coated single-mode fiber modulates the single frequency communication signal. The modulated signal is then amplified in a double-clad doped fiber power amplifier. Up to 1 W cw single-frequency output power, phase modulated at 196 MHz, has been obtained     

光纤OFDM系统中的色散补偿技术研究

为了减小光纤的色度色散对光纤正交频分复用（OFDM）系统性能的影响,提出了将无线通信中的信道估计器引入光纤OFDM系统进行信道估计的色散补偿方法。在理论上分析了光纤的色度色散对于传输OFDM信号的影响,并在实验中采用梳状导频的形式,在每个OFDM码元的特定的子载波上插入导频,在接收端通过基于最小平方（LS）原则的LS估计器进行信道估计,得到了OFDM光纤传输的信道幅度响应和相位响应,通过使用LS估计器,直接调制的光OFDM信号在单模光纤中传输200km,误比特率低于10-6 ,功率代价小于2dB。结果表明,高频子载波较低频子载波更容易受到色散的影响,在光纤OFDM系统中引入信道估计器进行信道估计能够有效补偿由色度色散带来的相位偏移和幅度衰减。     

Chirp强度调制与近红外激光合成孔径雷达距离向处理

合成孔径激光雷达是利用同一孔径(望远镜)与目标作相对运动并采用信号处理方法来模拟孔径阵列,获得高方位(横向)分辨率的相干成像雷达.采用窄线宽的单频光纤激光光源和相干探测方法;发射光波被啁啾信号作幅度调制,接收后进行距离向脉冲压缩;激光雷达和目标相对运动引起的回波相位变化,由相关运算实现相位补偿和累加(孔径合成),以提高方位向分辨率.提出了新的工作体制:距离向啁啾信号调制在发射光波振幅(强度)上,方位向多普勒频移反映在回波光波相位(频率)上,便于解决距离向与方位向之间的耦合模糊问题.报道了中期实验成果:Chirp 射频信号调制激光强度,实现合成孔径激光雷达距离向的压缩.