新一代保健芦笋乳饮料的研制工艺

探讨芦笋乳饮料的配方设计、辅料配比、芦笋乳饮料的稳定性和杀菌条件.通过感官品评和理化指标的测定,筛选出芦笋乳饮料的最佳技术参数.通过正交试验,确定芦笋乳饮料的最佳配方.结果:β-环糊精的最佳添加量为0.4%;芦笋汁与脱脂乳的最佳配比为V芦笋汁=23%,V脱脂乳=30%;糖酸比试验确定白砂糖添加量为8.0%,柠檬酸添加量为0.35%,口感最佳;稳定剂最佳复合配比为耐酸CMC0.3%,PGA 0.25%,果胶0.15%;最佳杀菌条件为80℃(5 min).     

灰树花乳饮料生产工艺的研究

将脱脂乳和灰树花为原料提取的菌汁相混合，经杀菌后接种双歧杆菌与普通乳酸菌发酵、再经调配后制成乳饮料，通过试验确定最佳工艺条件及配方：灰树花菌汁：脱脂牛乳=2：1（v／v），采用婴儿双歧杆菌为双歧发酵菌种，42℃发酵20h；混合发酵的最佳工艺条件为：普通乳酸菌添加量为3％，41℃混合发酵3h；添加海藻酸钠0．06‰、CMC0．08‰、果胶．05‰的复合稳定剂，蔗糖5％，混合发酵液40％，饮料的酸度（用柠檬酸调酸）为pH4．2，产品酸甜适中，具有灰树花独特的清香。     

榆黄蘑饮料的工艺研究

以榆黄蘑为主要原料,开发研制的天然饮料,通过正交实验确定榆黄蘑饮料的最佳配方和最佳复合稳定剂配方。结果表明,最佳配方是榆黄蘑汁（由4倍凉开水浸提所得）40％,白砂糖6％,五味子汁（由6倍质量水80℃浸提30min制得,pH2．7-2．9）5％,稳定剂以羧甲基纤维素钠0.3％、瓜尔豆胶0．01％、黄原胶0．01％复合为佳,以上述配方和稳定剂制作的榆黄蘑饮料质量稳定、酸甜适宜、风味独特。     

芦荟悬浮饮料的研制

本研究以库拉索芦荟为原料,滇皂荚多糖胶为复配稳定剂配料,通过正交试验、感官评定、稳定性试验等对芦荟悬浮饮料的生产工艺和产品配方进行了研究。试验结果表明：在芦荟悬浮饮料加工中复合稳定悬浮剂的最佳配方为：琼脂：0．05％,滇皂荚多糖胶：0．03％,氯化钾：0．03％。芦荟悬浮饮料中主要成分的最佳配方为：柠檬酸：0．20％,复合稳定剂：0．10％,白砂糖：11．0%．芦荟果肉：6．0％。     

姜汁酸奶饮料的研制

以药食兼用的保健食品一生姜作为原料,和酸奶调配研制营养风味俱佳的姜汁酸奶保健饮料。通过单因素实验,正交实验和配方组合的优化既确定了该饮料的最佳生产工艺,又筛选出了较好的饮料配方组合,制作出的产品风味口感和稳定性均较好。实验对生姜的处理方法和出汁率,饮料配方,糖酸比,饮料稳定性等关键因素进行了较详细的研究和探讨。经多次实验和感官鉴评确定,饮料的最佳配方为酸奶35％,姜汁8％,白糖11％,并调节糖酸比至26左右时酸甜适度,口感良好。单一的稳定剂稳定效果很差,选用配比为（黄原胶：羧甲基纤维素钠：海藻酸钠=1：2：1）的复合稳定剂,总用量为0.3％时稳定效果良好。85℃杀菌10min时,既可获的满意的杀菌效果又对饮料的稳定性影响较小。     

枸杞杏仁露的研制

本文对枸杞杏仁露的稀释倍数，适宜稳定剂，最佳配方和杀菌条件进行了研究。研究结果表明：稀释倍数以２０倍为宜；复合稳定剂Ⅱ可有效地增加其稳定性；最佳配方为１．５％枸杞、８％白砂糖、０．２％柠檬酸和０．３％复合稳定剂Ⅱ；杀菌规程为     

嗜酸乳杆菌发酵嫩黑玉米乳饮料生产工艺的研究

本文以嫩黑玉米和鲜牛奶为主原料，经嗜酸乳杆菌及其它乳酸菌混合发酵后、调配成乳酸发酵饮料，通过各项实验确定出嫩黑玉米液化液的DE值为18％；糖化液与原料乳配比为2．5：1；混合液最佳发酵条件为菌种配比1：1、接种量6％、发酵温度43℃；饮料生产中采用羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC—Na）、黄原胶（XG）和藻酸丙二醇酯（PGA）等组成复合稳定剂，加入量分别为0．3％，0．1％，0．1％；饮料最佳配方为加水百分率为45％、加糖量9％、pH值（柠檬酸调酸）为3．9。     

凝固型桑葚酸奶的研制

以桑葚、脱脂乳为原料，白砂糖、稳定剂等为辅料，采用驯化的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌进行发酵研制酸奶。实验表明最佳配方是白砂糖4％，桑葚：奶=1：7，接种量8％，明胶0．25％；采用0．20％抗坏血酸护色，83℃、30min杀菌条件，于42℃发酵240min可以制得营养丰富，气味纯正，酸甜可口，具有保健功能的凝固型桑葚酸奶。     

猕猴桃山楂复合饮料的研制

以猕猴桃、山楂为原料,采用多次配方试验,研究其复合饮料的工艺配方和稳定剂的确定。结果表明：7％猕猴桃汁、2％34楂汁、10％白砂糖、0．10％柠檬酸为最佳原料配方：添加0．08％黄原胶、0．04％海藻酸钠、0．10％CMC—Na构成的复合稳定剂可以达到较理想的稳定效果：饮料中添加0．02％和田香精、0．015％柠檬黄、0．02％亮蓝,并经过40MPa均质时。得到的复合饮料具有与新鲜猕猴桃果肉相似的色泽,含有猕猴桃和山楂鲜果的香气．饮料的质地均匀细腻,酸甜适度．口感极佳。     

红枣芦荟复合饮料的研制

以红枣、芦荟为原料,对红枣复合饮料的配方及杀菌条件进行了研究。结果表明：红枣芦荟饮料的最适配方为枣汁50％,芦荟汁0．24％,蔗糖6％,柠檬酸0．2％。最佳灭菌条件为80℃、20min。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the