Porous supports for conducting ceramic membranes

We describe glass-ceramic materials produced using several kaolins for the fabrication of inert porous supports by a casting process. Optimizing the slurry composition and preparing quality slurries, we obtained a support material which had an open porosity of ?34% after firing at 1380°C. Modification of the support material fired at 850–950°C through leaching, impregnation, and treatment with oxide sols insures effective control over its sintering shrinkage curve, which enables a reduction in the shrinkage mismatch between the support and ceramic layers to an acceptable level. To improve the chemical compatibility between the support material and ceramics, we formulated a number of effective solutions within the proposed approach.     

On the release of metronidazole from natural rubber latex membranes

The controlled release of drugs can be efficient if a suitable encapsulation procedure is developed, which requires biocompatible materials to hold and release the drug. In this study, a natural rubber latex (NRL) membrane is used to deliver metronidazole (MET), a powerful antiprotozoal agent. MET was found to be adsorbed on the NRL membrane, with little or no incorporation into the membrane bulk, according to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy data indicated that MET retained its structural and spectroscopic properties upon encapsulation in the NRL membrane, with no molecular-level interaction that could alter the antibacterial activity of MET. More importantly, the release time of MET in a NRL membrane in vitro was increased from the typical 6–8 h for oral tablets or injections to ca. 100 h. The kinetics of the drug release could be fitted with a double exponential function, with two characteristic times of 3.6 and 29.9 h. This is a demonstration that the induced angiogenesis known to be provided by NRL membranes can be combined with a controlled release of drugs, whose kinetics can be tailored by modifying experimental conditions of membrane fabrication for specific applications.     

Alumina composite membranes prepared by MOCVD

Abstracts are not published in this journal This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

复合微孔玻璃膜的研制（Ⅱ）

利用由原硅酸四乙酯的水解缩聚反应制得的溶胶作为涂膜液，在多孔陶瓷基体上通过多次涂膜－干燥－加热过程，最后在盐酸中浸沥，可制成多孔的无机复合玻璃膜．探索了复合玻璃膜的成膜工艺因素涂膜方式和次数，加热和酸浸沥条件对膜性能的影响     

NF系列复合膜的制备及结构性能的研究

采用界面缩聚的方法制备了NF系列复合纳滤膜 ,并对其进行了表征 .在 0 6MPa下 ,NF - 1的水通量为 4 1L/(m2 ·h) ,对Na2 SO4 的截留率为 78% ,NF - 2的水通量为 6 0L/(m2 ·h) ,对Na2 SO4 的截留率为 94 % ,NF - 3的水通量为 2 6 5L/(m2 ·h) ,对Na2 SO4 的截留率为 94 % .通过红外光谱和原子力显微镜观察到NF系列复合纳滤膜的表层化学结构和表面形貌 ,探索了NF系列纳滤膜在染料工业的应用前景     

氟硅橡胶复合膜透气性的研究

通过把氟硅橡胶填充进多孔微滤支撑体来制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和氟硅橡胶(FVMQ)的复合膜.并研究了支撑层孔径和白炭黑填料对FVMQ复合膜透气性能的影响.自制气室,测试了FVMQ复合膜对H2、Ar和N2的渗透特性.结果表明,PVDF膜孔径越大FVMQ复合膜的渗透速率就越快,在FVMQ溶液中加入白炭黑填料却降低了膜的渗透速率.支撑层孔径对膜渗透性能的影响比填料的影响显著.对FVMQ复合膜透气性的研究为其在气体分离方面应用奠定基础.     

pH敏感型管式陶瓷复合膜的制备

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-570在乙醇溶剂中以盐酸溶液为催化剂进行水解后对管式ZrO2陶瓷膜进行表面修饰,进一步用化学接枝法将丙烯酸单体接枝到改性ZrO2陶瓷膜上,制备pH敏感型陶瓷复合膜.系统考察了不同偶联反应条件对氧化锆陶瓷膜的硅烷化改性效果的影响;研究了丙烯酸单体浓度对pH敏感膜渗透通量及pH开关系数的影响.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重(TG)及水通量测定等对改性前后膜结构和pH敏感性能进行分析.结果表明,在以乙醇为溶剂进行硅烷化改性后,成功引入了碳-碳双键,并将丙烯酸成功接枝在陶瓷膜表面;单体浓度对pH敏感的膜通量及pH开关系数有重要的影响;所制备膜显示了良好的pH敏感性能.     

Self-assembled nano-structured polyelectrolyte composite membranes for pervaporation

This work is concerned with nano-structured polyelectrolyte composite membranes for solvent dehydration by pervaporation. The membranes were prepared by the electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition of polyethylenimine and poly(acrylic acid) onto a microporous polyacrylonitrile substrate membrane. Each cycle of alternating deposition of the cationic and anionic polymers formed a bilayer of polyelectrolyte, and multiple deposition cycles were used to achieve the permselectivity of the membrane. The polyacrylonitrile substrate membrane was partially hydrolyzed to improve the initial deposition of polyelectrolytes. It was proposed to use a relatively dilute concentration of the polyelectrolytes in the first few cycles of deposition, followed by depositions with more concentrated polyelectrolyte solutions (but still far below the critical overlapping concentration to ensure well extended conformation of the polyelectrolyte molecules). It was demonstrated that using this technique a good permselectivity could be achieved with less than 10 cycles of deposition, which was much less than the number of cycles used in the literature (e.g. 60–90). The membrane showed good separation performance for separation of water from isopropanol; at a feed water concentration of 8–10 wt.%, a permeate concentration of over 99 wt.% water was achieved with a permeation flux of about 0.6 kg/m² h.     

无机-有机复合膜应用的研究进展

介绍了近年来发展较快的无机—有机复合膜的研究情况，对其应用领域进行了综述并对将来的发展方向提出了一些看法．     

Morphological characterization of composite latex particles by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

A series of thermoplastic/elastomer composite particles has been prepared by two step emulsion polymerization techniques. The morphology of the obtained composite particles as a function of the system composition has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. Afterwards, a correlation between the structural behavior of the composites and the ortho- positronium lifetime and formation probability was also established. This correlation can be explained in terms of free volume changes associated to phase transitions in the particles. Received: 18 December 2000 / Reviewed and accepted: 4 April 2001     

硅橡胶-聚碳酸酯富氧膜的制备

以聚碳酸酯(PC)为膜材料,N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,γ-丁内酯(γ-GBL)为添加剂,水为凝胶浴,采用浸入沉淀相转化法制备平板膜.在其表面涂敷聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS),制备了硅橡胶-聚碳酸酯复合膜.利用扫描电子显微镜表征基膜微观结构,以氧气渗透速率和氧氮选择性为指标,考察了聚合物/溶剂配比、添加剂浓度及硅橡胶浓度对膜性能的影响.结果表明,当PC浓度为17%,γ-GBL浓度为23%时,复合膜具有稳定的气体分离性能,其氧气渗透速率为233 GPU.