芥子碱类保护剂辐射保护效应及其机理的研究——一个有实际意义的进展

作者之一曾经研究了油菜等七种十字花科植物提取液予处理大麦和小麦萌芽种子,均能减轻X射线对生长的抑制作用,从中提取纯化得到其有效成分为芥子碱[顾瑞琦,植物生理学报9,307,(1983)],最近又研究了进口的芥子酸~*试剂,其保护效应更加显著。为了研究其保护机理又协同另一作者用ESR分别研究了下述二元体系芥子碱-胸腺嘧啶(1:10),芥子碱-dTMP(1:10),芥子酸-dTMP(1:10)的辐射保护机理。由于芥子碱与咖啡酸同属肉桂酸的衍生物,其77K辐照并测定的ESR波谱也明显显示辐射作用下电子从靶分子向芥子碱或芥子酸的长程转移     

合成芥子酸硫酯衍生物的辐射防护机理研究

为了寻找更有效的辐射损伤防护药,改变已知辐射防护剂芥子碱结构,经3,4,5—三甲氧基苯丙烯酸酰氯和二乙胺基代乙硫醇在碱催化下缩合,新合成了辐射防护药芥子酸硫酯衍生物:3.4,5—三甲氧基苯丙烯酸二乙胺基代乙硫醇酯盐酸盐。用ESR波谱研究表明:其保护机理是电子从靶分子脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷酸(dTMP)及脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)向硫酯保护剂的长程转移。三甲氧基代苯丙烯酸硫醇酯是“潜在硫醇”类新型辐射防护剂,区别于文献熟知的硫代磺酸盐,硫代磷酸酯及硫代乙酸等其他代谢中能释放自由巯基的衍生物,预计芥子酸硫酯类衍生物有较小的毒性,对辐射损伤有防治功能;经小鼠整体抗辐射初步试验:~(60)Coγ射线7.5Gy辐照,用1.5mg/鼠照前预防及照后立即治疗后,预防组及治疗组动物30天中存活率分别比对照组动物提高20％和40％。芥子酸硫酯衍生物不仅对辐射损伤有防护效果,而且还具有增强机体辐射损伤的修复功能。由此推断:芥子酸硫酯类防护药不仅具有抗氧化剂和自由基清除的能力而那样起保护作用,还能通过电子转移保护DNA靶分子并能增强机体的修复能力;本文还报导了新防护药硫酯的质谱、红外及核磁共振光谱。     

合成芥子酸胺盐衍生物的辐射防护机理研究

为了寻找有效的辐射损伤防护药,改进及新合成芥子酸及胺盐衍生物,用ESR波谱研究电子从靶分子脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷酸(dTMP)向芥子酸长程转移的保护机理。经辐照小鼠的试验表明:辐照损伤引起的外周血小板下降症可以被芥子酸胺盐衍生物保护。并报道了芥子酸类衍生物的红外及核磁共振光谱。     

电子自旋共振波谱法检测含骨类食品的初步研究

电子自旋共振(Electron spin resonance,ESR)波谱测定是检测含骨类食品自由基的有效方法之一.本工作研究了辐照诱导的含骨类食品的ESR波谱特征、样品制备方法及辐射剂量-效应关系.结果表明,辐照前后ESR波谱图形、g因子和△H皆有明显差异,据此很容易区分辐照与未辐照含骨类食品样品;冷冻干燥和磨碎是样品制备过程中的关键步骤;吸收剂量(0.3-10.1kGy)与ESR信号强度有良好的线性关系;ESR信号的相对强度还与动物种类有关.这为制定我国含骨类辐照食品的ESR检测方法标准提供了依据.     

用自旋标记技术观察离体与整体照射对大鼠红细胞膜巯基状态的影响

用MAL-6(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-maleimide-piperidin-l-oxyl)作为自旋标记物研究了电离辐射对大鼠红细胞膜蛋白的影响。本文探索到:(1)100—400Gy离体照射对红细胞膜中自旋标记巯基显示的ESR波谱无明显影响。(2)8.5 Gy全身照射可使红细胞膜的ESR波谱中弱固定化与强固定化波峰高度之比(W/S)增加。上述结果表明了动物体或红细胞中内源性活性氧产生与清除的不平衡导致活性氧的损伤作用。     

电子自旋共振波谱技术检测香辛料类辐照食品的研究

本文研究了四种香辛料类食品（花椒、芥末粉、咖喱粉、姜粉）经0—15kGy剂量辐照后电子自旋共振（ESR）波谱特征及信号强度的变化,并探讨了ESR信号强度在220d贮藏期内的变化规律。结果表明,4种香辛料样品辐照前后ESR波谱均有明显区别,ESR波谱信号强度与剂量呈现正相关。在贮藏期内所有样品信号强度均有减弱,除芥末粉外其余样品经过220d后仍能应用ESR法检测判定是否经过辐照处理。这为制定我国辐照食品的ESR检测办法标准提供了依据。     

石墨中微量钙的分光光度测定

本文试验了以偶氮胂Ⅲ为试剂,分光光度法测定微量钙的详细条件;络合物的吸收峯为600和650毫微米,600毫微米的峯高于650毫微米的峯;当pH在4.2—5.2范围内时,络合物的光密度值为最大;偶氮胂Ⅲ钙络合物的颜色至少在24小时内是稳定的;25毫升体积中含有3毫升0.05%试剂时,1.0—20微克的钙符合比尔定律;增加试剂用量到12毫升时反应达到完全,此时克分子消光系数ε_(650毫微米)=20000。将本测定方法与乙酰丙酮萃取分离其他杂质的方法相结合,应用于石墨中微量钙的测定,得到了满意的结果。方法的测定下限为5×10~(-5)%(2克试样),含量为1.6×10~(-4)%,测定9次,相对标准偏差为15%。标准加入的回收率为94—115%。     

用氯膦偶氮Ⅲ萃取光度法测定铀(Ⅳ)

本文提出了一种测定铀的灵敏的分光光度法。从1.5—3.0M盐酸溶液中,将铀(Ⅳ)—氯膦偶氮Ⅲ络合物萃入3-甲基-1-丁醇。在673nm处有最大的吸收,在每10ml有机相中,含铀0—15μg遵守比耳定律,其克分子吸收系数为12.1×10~4升/克分子·厘米。在氟离子、硫酸根离子和磷酸根离子存在下,仍能测定铀。影响铀(Ⅳ)的还原和铀(Ⅳ)稳定性的硝酸根离子和几个元素(Cr,Cu,Fe)有干扰。     

辐射引发的亚油酸和亚麻酸自由基产物及α-生育酚的辐射保护效应的ESR研究

用电子自旋共振波谱法,对在含氧条件下经过低温γ辐照的不饱和脂质亚油酸和亚麻酸产生的初级不稳定自由基,及其在程序升温过程中所产生的自由基变化进行了研究。由77K辐照并测定的ESR谱表明其初级不稳定产物为阴离子自由基和脂质长链上不饱和部分的抽氢自由基,在120 K附近所测得的ESR谱显示了脂质过氧自由基的波谱特征,随着温度继续上升,最后演变为戊二烯基自由基和α-碳抽氢自由基。亚油酸和亚麻酸与α-生育酚(摩尔比1:1)二元体系的ESR研究,揭示了α-生育酚对亚油酸和亚麻酸的辐射保护作用是基于氢原子转移机理。     

磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和丁基膦酸二丁酯(DBBP)协同萃取硝酸铀酰的研究

本文研究了磷酸三丁酯和丁基膦酸二丁酯煤油溶液对硝酸铀酰的协同萃取。发现在萃取剂克分子比TBP:DBBP=5:1时出现明显的协同效应;经测定,协萃络合物的组成为UO_2(NO_3)_2·TBP·DBBP,并求得其生成常数K_(TD)=258±32。初步讨论了协萃机理和协萃络合物的可能结构。研究了萃取剂总浓度和克分子比、硝酸浓度、温度和硫酸根浓度等因素对萃取过程的影响。对协萃分配比的实验值和计算值进行了比较,结果基本一致。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.