2,2-二(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷的合成研究

以2,2-二(3-硝基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷为主要原料,水合肼作还原剂,乙醇作做溶剂,钯碳做催化剂,合成了2,2-二(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷。通过正交实验确定了其最佳合成条件:反应温度为80℃,n(2,2-二(3-硝基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷)∶n(水合肼)=0.25∶1,m(钯碳)∶m(2,2-二(3-硝基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷)=0.015∶1,m(乙醇)∶m(2,2-二(3-硝基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷)=4∶1,反应时间12 h,产品收率达到92.2%。     

2,2-二(3,5-二氨基- 4-羟基苯基)丙烷的合成

2,2-二(3,5-二氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷是一种新型膨胀型阻燃剂和合成N-P系膨胀型阻燃剂的中间体。研究了Fe-A l/C催化水合肼还原2,2-二(4-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)丙烷合成2,2-二(3,5-二氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷的反应条件。结果表明:对20 mmol的反应物,Fe-A l/C催化剂的用量为0.6 g,反应温度为75℃,反应时间为5 h,物料比n〔2,2-二(4-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)丙烷〕∶n(水合肼)=1∶12时,还原产率为93.75%,w〔2,2-二(3,5-二氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷〕=96.5%(HPLC),Fe-A l/C催化剂可以重复使用7次。产物经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱分析确证。     

2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷的制备方法

2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷与硝酸钾、磷酸,反应得到2,2-双(3-硝基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷,再经锌粉还原得到2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷。该方法具有原材料易于购买,收率较高,反应条件温和,操作简单等优点。     

2，2-二(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷的合成、用途及发展前景

介绍了2,2-二(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷的合成方法,叙述了2,2-二(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷作为合成含氟聚酰亚胺单体的应用和一些其它用途.另外还阐述了其发展前景.     

2,2-双(3-氨基苯基)六氟丙烷聚酰亚胺单体的合成及表征

以2,2-双(3-硝基苯基)六氟丙烷为原料,在三氯化铁/炭(FeCl3/C)、水合肼的作用下,还原得到了2,2-双(3-氨基苯基)六氟丙烷聚酰亚胺单体,并对其进行了分析表征。然后,2,2-双(3-氨基苯基)六氟丙烷与4,4’-2-六氟亚异丙基-2-邻苯二甲酸酐(6FDA)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中缩聚制得聚酰亚胺聚合物。     

2,2-二(3-氨基-4-羟基)苯基丙烷的合成与结构表征

分别在Pd/C、FeOOH和FeCl3·6H2O/C三种不同催化剂存在下,由水合肼还原2,2 二(4 羟基 3 硝基)苯基丙烷(1)合成了2,2 二(3 氨基 4 羟基)苯基丙烷,筛选出成本低、收率高的理想催化剂为FeCl3·6H2O/C。当物料配比n(水合肼):n(1)=5:1,反应起始温度为70℃,反应时间为80min时,收率为93 0%。产物经重结晶纯化后,由元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱和质谱对其结构进行了表征,确证了产物的结构。     

三（全氟苯基）对羟基苯基硼酸三乙铵的合成与单晶结构

采用三(五氟苯基)硼烷与4-[叔丁基二(甲基)硅氧基]苯基溴化镁格氏试剂反应,再经三乙胺三氢氟酸-四氢呋喃溶液反应脱除保护基,得到(对羟基苯基)三(五氟苯基)硼酸三乙铵(a),在n(4-TBDMSO-C6H4MgBr)/n〔(C6F5)3B〕、n(NEt3.HCl)/n〔(C6F5)3B〕、n(NEt3.3HF)/n〔(C6F5)3B〕分别为3∶1、5.7∶1、1.3∶1的工艺条件下,所得产品质量分数达99.2%,基于三(五氟苯基)硼烷的收率达54.2%,并首次得到该化合物的单晶,X射线单晶结构分析表明,该化合物属正交晶系,Pbca空间群。     

微波促进下N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-氟-6-硝基-4-喹唑啉胺的合成

以2-溴-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲腈为原料,CuI为催化剂,在微波促进下与3-氯-4-氟苯胺进行加成反应后,再与甲酰胺发生串联的胺化和缩合环化反应合成抗癌药Afatinib(阿法替尼)和Dacomitinib(达克替尼)的关键中间体N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-氟-6-硝基-4-喹唑啉胺,并对反应条件进行了优化。结果表明:在Cu I用量为20%(以2-溴-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲腈的物质的量为基准,下同)和微波促进下,n(2-溴-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲腈):n(3-氯-4-氟苯胺)=1:1,回流反应20 min,制备得到2-溴-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲脒,收率93.8%;在Cu I与4-羟基-L-脯氨酸用量均为10%〔以2-溴-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲脒的物质的量为基准,下同〕和微波促进下,n〔2-溴-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲脒〕:n(甲酰胺)=1:2,80℃反应10min,以96.4%的收率得到目标产物N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-氟-6-硝基-4-喹唑啉胺。     

2,2-二(4-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)丙烷和2,2-二(4-羟基-3-硝基苯基)丙烷热分解动力学研究

用热分析方法(TG,DTA)、热分解气相色谱和红外光谱等联合手段,对双酚A的二硝基取代产物和四硝基取代产物[2,2-二(4-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)丙烷和2,2-二(4-羟基-3-硝基苯基)丙烷]的热稳定性和热分解反应动力学进行了研究,发现它们的稳定性与硝基取代的数目有关,热分解具有失去一端并带走一个甲基的共同机理,然而热分解动力学方程形式不同分别是:dα/dt=50.90e(-E/RT)(1-α)和dα/dt=59.06 e(-E/RT)(1-α)3,从电荷分布均衡点出发对上述现象进行理论探讨。     

2,2-二氟丙烷-1,3-二胺的合成

该文经氟化、酰胺化和还原3步反应合成了2,2-二氟丙烷-1,3-二胺(DFPDA)。以丙二酸二乙酯为基本原料,首先经选择性氟化剂1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-二氮双环[2.2.2]辛烷双氟硼酸盐(Selectfluor)氟化得第一中间体2,2-二氟丙二酸二乙酯(DFDEM),DFDEM再经氨水酰胺化反应得到第二中间体2,2-二氟丙二酰胺(DFMA),最后以硼烷为还原剂,将中间体DFMA还原得到最终产品2,2-二氟丙烷-1,3-二胺(DFPDA),总收率最高可达45%。考察了3步反应的工艺条件对产品收率的影响,结果表明,较理想的反应条件为:氟化反应温度0℃,n(丙二酸二乙酯):n(氢化钠):n(Selectfluor)=1:3:3,氟化反应收率达58.18%;酰胺化反应8 h,n(氨水):n(DFDEM)=5:1,酰胺化反应收率可达96%以上;在65℃还原反应3～4 h,n(DFMA):n(BH3)=1:7.5,还原反应收率达91.1%。用IR、1HNMR和GC-MS分析了每个产物的化学结构。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。